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	Fairy Ring in Turfgrass
		Fairy ring is caused by a number of mushroom fungi that live in the soil and thatch layer.
		Fairy ring is a common disease of Kentucky bluegrass and most other turfgrass species.
		Fungi that cause fairy ring live by decomposing organic litter that is abundant in the turfgrass thatch.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/garden/02908.html (595 words)

	Fairy ring factsheet
		These rings of lush growth in the lawn are caused by the release of nutrients, in particular nitrogen, from the activity of the fungus living on organic matter in the soil.
		Death in the ring is due to the interference with normal penetration of water by the dense mat of fungus mycelium in the soil, to toxic substances given off by the fungus in the soil, and possibly to direct effects of the fungi on the grass plants.
		In rare cases where complete eradication of a fairy ring is necessary, the sod and underlying soil in a band 40 to 55 cm in front of and in back of the ring can be removed to a depth of 20 to 90 cm, depending on the extent of the development of the ring.
	plantclinic.cornell.edu /FactSheets/fairyring/fairyring.htm (803 words)

	Fairy Ring - a problem of turfgrass - Colorado State University Extension - Tri River Area
		Fairy rings are reported to be caused by many (60) different soil-inhabiting fungi of the class Basidiomycetes.
		Rings may vary in size from a few inches to 200 feet (60 meters) or more in diameter with an annual radial growth of 3 inches (7.6 cm) to 19 inches (48 cm) depending on grass, soil and weather conditions.
		Ineffective control of fairy ring by fungicides may be due, in part, from the hydrophobic nature of the mycelium preventing chemicals from reaching those portions of the fungus 2 to 3 feet (0.6 to 1 meter) below.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/CoopExt/TRA/PLANTS/fairing.html (1258 words)

	Fairy Ring
		Fairy rings are most obvious in lawns where zones of darker green, vigorous grass occurs on either side of a zone of dead, dormant, or slower growing grass.
		Fairy rings start from the point of germination of the fungus spore (produced by the mushroom) and spread outward a few inches to a few feet per year.
		Fairy rings survive as spores or as dormant mycelium.
	www.herbi-systems.com /FAQ_s/Lawn_Diseases/Fairy_Ring/fairy_ring.html (508 words)

	Fairy Ring: Fantasy or Nightmare? \| United States Golf Association
		Fairy ring symptoms can occur without the mushroom stage, and on golf courses the appearance of mushrooms is the least common of the three symptoms.
		One is a ring of darker green grass and the second is a ring of water-stressed or dying grass.
		The ring pattern for all three symptoms (mushrooms, dark green grass, and water-stressed to dead grass) is due to the hyphae growing outward into new organic matter and the old hyphae dying to the inside.
	www.usga.org /turf/green_section_record/2002/nov_dec/fairy-ring.html (1413 words)

	Fairy Ring - Lawn Care Problems - Lawn Grass
		Fairy rings can disappear and reappear after a year or more.
		Fairy Ring is a mycelium that produces fungi, which needs to exhaust it's food supply before it will discontinue it's growth.
		I have created this website to give you some information on how Fairy Rings are formed as well as some methods to help you in controlling this fungi.
	www.fairyring.ca (241 words)

	Fairy Ring in Lawns
		Fairy rings can be caused by many different species of fungi but the mushroom fungus, Maramius oreades, is the most common organism responsible for fairy rings in both turf grass and pasture.
		The first sign of fairy rings may be a ring of mushrooms followed by rings of darker green grass with an inside border of dead grass.
		If only a few rings are present in the lawn it may be practical to excavate the affected area by removing the turf in the area of the ring along with the surrounding 18 inches of soil on both the inside and outside of the ring.
	gardenline.usask.ca /yards/fairy.html (719 words)

	Barefoot Lawns - Fairy Ring
		Fairy ring is one of the most common and frustrating problems a homeowner can have with their lawn.
		Fairy rings begin from a piece of mycelium feeding in the thatch layer or in the soils organic matter.
		Another option is to remove the ring to a depth of 1 foot and wide enough to extend 2 feet on either side of the fairy ring.
	members.shaw.ca /barefootlawns/fairy_ring.html (725 words)

	Faery Rings (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Some farmers regard the presence of a fairy ring on their property as a sign of good luck or as a marker of treasure – treasure which can only be found with the help of witches or fairies.
		The fairy ring was definitively identified as a fungal growth pattern in 1792 by William Withering.
		Fairy rings may not be complete circles, as parts of the circle of mycelium become damaged and die off, leaving a crescent shape.
	www.forteantimes.com /articles/141_faeryrings.shtml (2049 words)

	Fairy Ring (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While the homeowners of long ago attributed the rings to mythical creatures, today's homeowners may be rest assured that fairy ring is caused by any one of fifty species of fungus.
		Fairy ring is the appearance of dark green rings and/or mushrooms on the lawn, in one of three patterns.
		Fairy ring is most likely to occur in lawns that have had organic materials, such as stumps or old lumber, embedded in the soil prior to planting a lawn.
	www.coopext.colostate.edu /chaffee/fairyring.html (641 words)

	Turf is Off-Color--Fairy Ring (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Normally fairy rings are a nuisance and merely detract from the overall uniformity of the turf area.
		Type I fairy rings are the most devastating and kill the turf by causing the soil to become water repellant which prevents rain or irrigation to enter the soil and the plants eventually die due to drought stress.
		Type II and III fairy rings rarely cause lasting damage to turf and suppression or masking the symptoms is the most effective approach to their control.
	www.turf.uiuc.edu /lawn_problem_solver/solver/off-color/fairy_ring.html (503 words)

	Fairy Ring
		Heavily thatched lawns are particularly susceptible to injury by fairy ring.
		Rings on lawns, greens, and fairways usually range from 3 to 5 feet in diameter although rings up to 20 feet in diameter are sometimes seen.
		Fairy rings may be categorized according to symptoms.
	www3.sympatico.ca /s.gavard/fairy_ring.htm (917 words)

	fairy rings and turfgrass damage
		Fairy ring occurs worldwide in all cultivated turfgrasses and is frequently observed on lawns, golf courses and park and recreation areas.
		Edaphic fairy rings are produced by fungi that primarily colonize the soil, while lectophilic fairy rings are produced by fungi that primarily colonize the thatch and leaf litter.
		Fairy ring fungi are nearly impossible to actually eliminate because of their soil- or thatch-inhabiting nature.
	grounds-mag.com /mag/grounds_maintenance_figuring_fairy_rings (1752 words)

	Fairy Ring
		The fairy ring fungus grows outward from a central point at a rate varying from a few inches to as much as several feet a year.
		As the fungus grows, the first visible evidence of a new fairy ring is a cluster of mushrooms (the fruiting structure of the fungus) or a tuft of stimulated dark green grass.
		Ae ring of brown or dead grass may also develop, caused by the depletion of soil moisture in the area where the fungus is concentrated.
	morelmushroomhunting.com /fairy_ring.htm (1039 words)

	Fairy Rings
		Fairy rings may be produced by 50 or more species of soil-inhabiting fungi.
		Fairy rings are usually most severe in light-textured, low fertility soils low in moisture.
		Fairy rings can be physically removed by digging out the sod on either side of the dark green ring of grass and replacing it.
	www.extension.iastate.edu /Pages/plantpath/FairyRings.html (325 words)

	Managing Turfgrass Diseases - Fairy Rings and Snow Mold
		Fairy rings typically appear as rings of dark green and fast-growing turf.
		Fairy rings are produced by colonies of mushroom fungi that live in soil and thatch.
		The ring of stimulated grass is thought to be caused by nitrogen substances produced by the breakdown of organic matter by the fungi.
	turfgrassmanagement.psu.edu /turfdis4.cfm (722 words)

	[No title]
		Fairy rings often consist of a dark green ring or arc with an inner ring of dead brown grass.
		Fairy rings expand radially outward until the food supply is used up, the soil becomes too wet, or better-adapted organisms surpass the ability of the fungi to survive.
		Fairy rings are most common on sandy soils that are low in water and fertility.
	www.extension.umn.edu /projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/p316fairyrings.html (502 words)

	Lawn Talk - University of Illinois Extension
		Fairy ring fungi are not attacking the grass directly, but are breaking down organic matter in the soil.
		If several rings are visible at the time of renovation, collect the white mycelia from each and mix it together, then spread over the soil and work it in.
		Fairy ring appearing as green arcs in established lawns can be masked somewhat by increased watering and fertilizing of the grass, keeping within suggested lawn care guidelines.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /lawntalk/lawntalk29.html (490 words)

	UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Fairy Ring on Turfgrass
		Fairy rings are circular or semi-cirular and can range in size from a few centimeters up to many meters in diameter.
		Lectophillic rings are caused by fungi that inhabit the thatch layer and decomposed plant debris, litter, and old thatch.
		These rings are characterized by a slight depression of the affected areas surrounded by dark green rings of turfgrass where the fungi are breaking down plant material and releasing nitrogen.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r785100411.html (646 words)

	Fairy Rings in Lawns/Dark Green Circles in Lawn - Plant and Pest Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, West ...
		The mushrooms are in a ring of approximately 4 ft. diameter.
		Fairy rings might be six inches to two feet wide and can be anywhere from two feet to hundreds of feet in diameter and expanding yearly.
		Since fairy rings are most visible on low fertility conditions, you can mask the fairy rings by regular applications of low rates of nitrogen.
	www.ppdl.purdue.edu /ppdl/expert/Fairy_Rings.html (382 words)

	ACES Publications : ANR-0372
		Although fairy ring damage is rarely serious, the disease is often unsightly, especially on a well-managed lawn, green, or fairway.
		Dark green circles, arcs, or rings of thick, fast-growing grass develop anytime from green-up in the spring until the first hard frost in the fall.
		The ring pattern of lush and dead grass may be seen almost year-round, especially on cool season turfgrasses.
	www.aces.edu /pubs/docs/A/ANR-0372 (1235 words)

	Fairy Ring (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fairy rings are caused by various species of fungi that inhabit most midwestern soils and obtain their nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter.
		Fairy rings are classified according to 3 types based on their symptoms.
		Type II rings are characterized by a ring of lush, dark green grass that appears to be growing faster than other turf.
	pasture.ecn.purdue.edu /~epados/lawn/src/fairy.htm (488 words)

	Fairy Rings
		Fairy rings grow where large quantities of organic matter, such as lumber, tree stumps, logs, etc. have been buried and are rotting in the yard or garden.
		The fairy ring above is populated by the Chlorophyllum molybdites fungi commonly known as the Green-Spored Parasol mushroom or Green Gill mushroom.
		Although it is possible to dig up and replace the soil in which fairy rings grow, the rings will reappear if their food source has not been removed.
	www.floridagardener.com /misc/Fairyrings.htm (369 words)

	Fairy Rings
		Fairy rings usually appear in a lawn as circles or arcs of
		Fairy rings are caused by soil organisms that decay organic
		The ring of brown "dormant" grass is caused primarily by
	www.virginiapastures.com /tips/fairy.htm (409 words)

	The Rings - Secrets of the Alchemist Dar
		The Red Diamond Fairy Ring is 18 karat rose gold featuring one.59 carat radiant-cut natural fancy red diamond and 52 natural fancy, fancy intense pink and natural pink diamonds weighing.79 carats and is appraised at US$1 million.
		The rings are 18 karat yellow gold set with a 1.01 carat shield mixed cut fancy vivid yellow diamond and 38 round full-cut natural fancy vivid yellow diamonds weighing.72 carats.
		Each of the five18 karat rose gold fairy rings are appraised at US$20,000 and contain 46 light pink to fancy intense pink diamonds weighing.93 carats.
	www.alchemistdar.com /Public/TheRings (503 words)

	Amazon.com: Fairy Ring: An Oracle of the Fairy Folk: Books: Anna Franklin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fairies and witches were on good terms with each other, and witches were frequent visitors to the fairy hills; being accused of such visits was enough to secure a conviction as a witch.
		Fairies like luxury and have contempt for those who penny pinch, especially those who drain the last drop of milk from the churn or strip all the fruit from the trees, leaving none for the fairies.
		Guide To The Fairy Ring only has 60 cards and is separated by seasons rather than the typical shields/swords/spears and etc. The reason why the cards are in seasons is because their are so many seasonal fairies out there and the deck all so includes the fairy festival cards.
	www.amazon.com /Fairy-Ring-Oracle-Folk/dp/0738702749 (3216 words)

	Fairy Ring
		An important by-product of organic matter breakdown is the release of nitrogen (available in the soil) which causes the initial, lush green fairy ring symptom.
		All fairy ring fungi ultimately reproduce as mushrooms or puff balls within the ring of infected grass.
		If fairy rings begin to brown and die, core aeration might be required to improve irrigation and water penetration.
	www.kill-fireants.com /fairy_ring.htm (271 words)

	Understanding Fairy Rings - Cliff Lamere
		Another version of the myth was that the fairies danced inside the circle of mushrooms, and that the mushrooms were seats used by the tiny fairies when they needed a rest from the dancing.
		It was generally believed to be bad luck to enter a ring of mushrooms, and some believed that the milk of cows grazing inside the ring would not be drinkable.
		A fairy ring in France is said to be almost a half mile wide and about 700 years old.
	grandpacliff.com /Fungi/FairyRings.htm (869 words)

	Fairy Ring Mushroom
		The fairy ring mushroom grows on lawns, where the fungus decomposes organic matter.
		Although no poisonous mushrooms have the exact same features as the fairy ring mushroom, it's not hard for unsupervised beginners to confuse the fairy ring mushroom with toxic mushrooms growing in the same habitat.
		Fairy ring mushrooms are small but very tasty.
	www.wildmanstevebrill.com /Mushrooms.Folder/Fairy%20Ring%20Mushroom.html (445 words)

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