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Topic: Fall of the Soviet Union

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	History of the Soviet Union (1985-1991) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yeltsin and the dissolution of the Soviet Union
		On March 17, 1991, in an all-Union referendum 78% of all voters voted for the retention of the Soviet Union in a reformed form.
		As the Soviet Union was unraveling, Gorbachev and U.S. President George H.W. Bush declared a U.S.-Soviet strategic partnership at the summit of July 1991, decisively marking the end of the Cold War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fall_of_the_Soviet_Union (2279 words)

	Reviews in History:
		The Soviet Union attempted to give the impression that it was a monolithic structure in which political differences had disappeared, and that a state and society had been created which were entirely cohesive.
		The Soviet experience from 1917 until the eventual collapse of the state in 1991 was, however, one that encompassed many moments of high drama, of great excitement as well as demonstrations of both popular enthusiasm and of iron will by Soviet rulers.
		The ease with which the Soviet Union was dismantled has, perhaps, led to the development of a view among students today that the USSR was a weak and feeble entity, destined for oblivion from its inception.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/waldronP.html (1937 words)

	The Cold War Museum - Fall of The Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		By the time of the 1985 rise to power of Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union's last leader, the country was in a situation of severe stagnation, with deep economic and political problems which sorely needed to be addressed and overcome.
		The disintegration of the Soviet Union began on the peripheries, in the non-Russian areas.
		In a last-ditch effort to save the Soviet Union, which was floundering under the impact of the political movements which had emerged since the implementation of Gorbachev's glasnost, a group of "hard-line" Communists organized a coup d'etat.
	www.coldwar.org /articles/90s/fall_of_the_soviet_union.php3 (1193 words)

	The Fall Of The Soviet Union: Whys And Wherefores
		All of this reflects Mali's deeply held conviction that the fall of the Soviet system was predetermined by the very fact that its founding socialist premise was a chimera.
		So the Soviet Union, a failed utopia, never became a developed or modern nation; instead, it was a hybrid form of despotism all its own that never obtained adequate and fair scrutiny in the West.
		But, according to Laqueur, with the exception of the Baltic republics, which had long-standing and well-grounded complaints pertaining to their deracinated inclusion into the Soviet Union, and the egregious economic exploitation of the Central Asian lands, most of the republics were no worse off than they had been under the czar.
	www.raleightavern.org /lovell.htm (2152 words)

	The Fall of the Soviet Union from Walter Laqueur
		Soviet leaders could not fail to remember that the last Soviet leader who had tried to introduce substantial cuts in defense spending (Khrushchev) was removed from power primarily for this reason.
		The Soviet leadership found it increasingly difficult and ultimately impossible to shift more of its limited resources to the military.43 Internal forces were, in all probability, more decisive in bringing about the demise of the Soviet Union, but foreign political pressures also played a role.
		But the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s was still not a seething cauldron about to boil over, a country on the eve of a major explosion held together only by KGB terror.
	faculty.goucher.edu /history231/Laqueur.htm (11965 words)

	Fall Of The Soviet Union - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire
		The fall of the Russian empire: The story of the last of the Romanovs and the coming of the Bolsheviki
		Faces of a Nation: The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union, 1917-1991
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /fall_of_the_soviet_union.htm (159 words)

	The Rise Fall The Communist State The Soviet... - Biggest state resource on the Internet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union.
		Under the inconstant patronage of the Soviet Union, the warplane builders of the Third Reich reached for their former glory.
		The fall of the Communist regime in the Soviet Union was...
	state.logdog.info /index.php?k=the-rise-fall-the-communist-state-the-soviet... (1537 words)

	W4361:Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When the Soviet Union broke apart nine years ago, many observers hoped that the new Russian government headed by Boris Yeltsin would disclose all the records of the Soviet regime and face up to the horrific legacy of Communist rule.
		Yeltsin failed to ensure the systematic removal of statues of Lenin and of other monuments glorifying the Soviet regime, and he was unwilling to disband (or even scale back) the sprawling state security organs, which were just as symbolic of Soviet repression as the SS was of Nazi atrocities.
		Soviet officials left little to interpretation and made men such as Zaitsev travel the Soviet Union regaling schoolchildren and workers' groups with their tales.
	www.columbia.edu /~kmp30/COURSE/W4361/reading.html (4368 words)

	Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The lasting effect of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire came to be the division between Austria, formerly the leading state of Germany, from the more western and northern parts.
		To avoid a two-front war, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was concluded with the Soviet Union.
		In 1940, most of Western Europe was occupied, and Germany continued its invasions through 1941, conquering Yugoslavia and Greece, engaging in the Battle of Britain over London, and then breaking the pact with the Soviet Union by opening the Eastern Front.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germany (5304 words)

	Fall of the Soviet Union
		But the ascension of Mikhail Gorbachev to the supreme leadership of the Soviet Union in 1985 began a tumultuous period that culminated with the fall of the realm founded by Lenin and Stalin.
		The fall of the Berlin Wall and communist governments throughout the old Soviet Bloc generated demands for reforms to the Soviet government as well.
		The tensions in the Soviet Union came to a head in August 1991 when a group of right wing military and KGB leaders staged a coup in Moscow while Gorbachev was on vacation in the Crimea.
	ks.essortment.com /fallofthesovi_rkcm.htm (680 words)

	Frances Fitzgerald on SDI and the Fall of the Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Frances Fitzgerald on SDI and the Fall of the Soviet Union
		According to conservatives, the combination of military and ideological pressures gave the Soviet Union little choice but to abandon expansionism abroad and repression at home, and SDI was the key to this winning strategy.
		Without Gorbachev, however, the Soviet Union might have survived for many more years, for the system, thought on the decline, was nowhere near collapse.
	www.j-bradford-delong.net /Politics/fitzgerald.html (1055 words)

	PlanetPapers - The Fall of Communism in Russia/Soviet Union
		However after the war, national unity was improved and the Soviet Union once again became a super power of the world.
		One of the major factors for the fall of Communism is the government did not live up to it’s promise of a better life for all, and the failure of government to deal properly with social and foreign affairs.
		B, Ulam, "Looking at the Past: The Unraveling of the Soviet Union" Source: February 5, 1996 Associated Press article (11 Dec. 99) 4."The Electric Passport to Russia and Communism" http://www.mrdowling.com/707russia.html (11 Dec. 1999) 5."Russian human rights commission reports gross violations, practically disbands," Source: February 5, 1996 Associated Press article (11 Dec. 99) 6.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/1541.php (1312 words)

	The Fall Of The Soviet Union: Whys And Wherefores
		From wiley old Andrei Gromyko to highly-ranked Soviet army officers to KGB officials, the assumption early on was that it was Reagan's intent to wreck the Soviet economy on the shoals of the arms race.
		What is revealing is the zest with which Soviet newspaper and magazine editors and television producers fled from the confines of the party line to the realm of objectivity in reporting news and openness in offering commentary.
		The All-Union Center for the Study of Public Opinion compiled results between 1989 and 1991 seeking answers to sweeping ideological questions such as "does the Community Party deserve your trust" and the public's reaction to the violent Soviet invasion of the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius in January 1991.
	www.raleightavern.org /lovellB.htm (2076 words)

	The Electronic Passport to Gorbachev and the fall of the Soviet Union.
		Mikhail Gorbachev and the Breakup of the Soviet Union
		Older leaders who were trained under Stalin had led the Soviet Union for many years, but in 1985 the Soviets turned to a younger generation as they selected Mikhail Gorbachev as their leader.
		Gorbachev allowed the first open Soviet people to select their own local leaders beginning in 1979, and they rejected the Communist candidates by a wide margin.
	www.mrdowling.com /707-gorbachev.html (239 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Fall of the Soviet Union no accident
		And as late as 1989, just two years before the Soviet system went in the tank, celebrated MIT economics professor Lester Thurow was trumpeting the "remarkable performance" of the Soviet Union: "Today it is a country whose economic achievements bear comparison with those of the United States."
		But more than that, the real question is whether the "amiable dunce," as Reagan was called by Clark Clifford, defense secretary under Lyndon Johnson, was simply a lucky bystander and first-rate forecaster or whether he put together a plan of action that sped up and assured the downfall of one of history's largest empires.
		The answer, says Peter Schweizer in his book, "Victory: The Reagan Administration's Secret Strategy That Hastened the Collapse of the Soviet Union," is that Reagan's inner circle implemented a hush-hush and wide-ranging line of attack that critically undermined the Soviet economy.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22033 (642 words)

	Russia, Hudson Institute, Film on Fall of Soviet Union
		The right-thinking Hudson Institute is going into the film business, launching a documentary project on the downfall of the Soviet Union as a counterpoint to existing film treatments that the Hudson folks believe are soft on communism.
		The tank's film will be based on the 1996 book "Age of Delirium: The Decline and Fall of the Soviet Union," written by David Satter, a Hudson senior fellow and former foreign correspondent.
		Satter conducted extensive interviews with a range of Soviet citizens whose lives were shattered by the totalitarian regime.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/5568-13.cfm (299 words)

	RUSSIA
		The Soviet Union was no successor to Rome or Constantinople but a new synthesis of the dialectic of history.
		After the fall of the Soviet Union, most of the bones were recovered, genetically identified, and buried at the other Imperial tombs in St. Petersburg.
		When the Soviet Union fell, the Pretender to the Throne of Russia was the Grand Duke Vladimir, second cousin to the young Grand Duchesses.
	www.friesian.com /russia.htm (7769 words)

	Town Hall: Chat with Brian Crozier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Reagan which was a turning point because by common consent the Soviet Union was unable to match.
		The Soviet Union was in a pretty pitiful state during the whole period of Gorbachev's rule.
		I've seen the archives of that period and originally, on the contrary, mao got along well with Stalin and when he got back to Peking, he declared that Stalin was the greatest leader in the universe, or something to that effect.
	www.townhall.com /CHAT/ARCHIVE/991215crozier.html (1496 words)

	The fall of the Soviet Union as seen by liberals, Reagan, and the neocons
		Unfortunately, the author of the article, a neoconservative (whom I have previously discussed here), spoils it in the end when he suggests that the main benefit of the demise of the Soviet Union was the "post-Cold War boom," as though the most important thing about defeating monstrous totalitarianism was that it increased consumer enjoyment.
		The Soviets were NOT near the end of their rope in 1980 and their military buildup had to be countered.
		And then to think that Reagan lived to see the fall of the Soviet empire, and then the fall of the Soviet Union itself, so that in 1992 at the Republican national convention he was able to say: "I have seen the birth of Communism, and I have seen the death of Communism."
	www.amnation.com /vfr/archives/002342.html (1019 words)

	The Collapse of the Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Causes and Consequences of the Collapse of the Soviet Union
		Integration and Disintegration in the Former Soviet Union: Implications for Regional and Global Security (Brown University: Watson Institute Occasional Paper #30, 1997) 155 KB PDF file
		Russia and the Former Soviet Republics Maps (University of Texas at Austin)
	newarkwww.rutgers.edu /guides/glo-sov.html (209 words)

	Fall Of The Soviet Union Example Essays.com - Over 101,000 essays, term papers and book reports!
		Between 1964 and 1985 many economic reforms were attempted in the Soviet Union.
		The Soviet Union was a superpower in terms of its military capabilities but the criteria for a world superpower was moving away from defense capabilities towards economic power.
		Gorbachev knew in order for the Soviet Union to survive it needed to abandon the strict socialist policies and attempt to integrate with the rest of the world.
	www.exampleessays.com /viewpaper/93828.html (291 words)

	The Fall of the Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Weber did not note the corruption (and the related economic disruption and waste) that would come to dominate "socialist" economies, and Weber had no inkling of the periodic waves of mass terror required to preserve Communist Party power in the face of the enormous gap between the party's official ideology and its actual practice.
		We may also agree that this does not apply to the Soviet Unioni in the political sphere, where there is a single-party system and certain restrictions on civil liberty.
		In this sense the objective of those who direct the Soviet economy can only be production of use values which corresponds in every way to the interests of the working class.
	www.j-bradford-delong.net /tceh/Slouch_Soviet26.html (955 words)

	Fond 89 and the Fall of the Soviet Union by Gordan Hahn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fond 89 and the Fall of the Soviet Union by Gordan Hahn
		FOND 89 AND THE FALL OF The Hoover Institution is engaged in a major effort to salvage archives from the Soviet Union.
		It was the government's task in that case to prove the party an illegal, parasitic, extraconstitutional body that controlled all the institutions and funds of both state and society behind a veil of secrecy and deceit.
	www.hooverdigest.org /981/hahn.html (1544 words)

	Russia 16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Soviet Union Collapse Home Soviet Union Collapse Information The Collapse of the Soviet Union The Causes and Consequences of the Collapse of th..
		Soviet Union First To Orbit The Earth+yuri A. Soviet Union First To Orbit The Earth+yuri A. G Home Soviet Union First To Orbit The Earth+yuri A. G Information Yuri Gagarin Gagarin City." Sergei..
		Soviet Union Wwii Home Soviet Union Wwii Information World War II Please follow the guided tour or have a look at one of these showcases: Intro: The..
	www.justrussia.info /russia-P.html (2104 words)

	Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika: Politics and Society in the Brezhnev Era I. April 22.
		The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika: Politics and Society in the Brezhnev Era II.
		After the Soviet Union: the Future of the Socialist Project.
	www.columbia.edu /~mlv2/w3361.htm (808 words)

	Fall of the Soviet Union Symbolized Death of an Idea
		Fall of the Soviet Union Symbolized Death of an Idea
		The wheels of history turned on a sweltering June day in 1979 before thousands of people standing in a field in Poland to hear Pope John Paul II say Mass in his communist homeland.
		You might also be interested in our free E-mail News Summary, which delivers our entire edition every day straight to your inbox.
	www.themoscowtimes.com /stories/2001/08/21/015.html (231 words)

	Ronald Reagan And The Fall Of The Soviet Union: Plot Or Serendipity
		Ronald Reagan And The Fall Of The Soviet Union: Plot Or Serendipity
		Soviet Union was no more and the era of U.S. and Soviet relations had, quite literally, ended.1
		Soviet ideology and world view were incompatible with those of the West and that this situation
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1995/BMH.htm (3584 words)

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