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Topic: Fall of the Western Roman Empire

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	Western Roman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After his death in 395 the Roman Empire was definitively divided and the Western Roman Empire ended officially with the abdication of Romulus Augustus under pressure of the Germanic chieftain Odoacer on the 4th of September, 476, and unofficially with the death of Julius Nepos, in 480.
		10 Conquest of Rome and fall of the Western Roman Empire
		Conquest of Rome and fall of the Western Roman Empire
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_Roman_Empire (4351 words)

	Decline of the Roman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The decline of the Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire, is a historical term of periodization which describes the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.
		The traditional date of the fall of the Roman Empire is September 4, 476 when Romulus Augustus, the Emperor of the Western Roman Empire was deposed.
		In contrast with the "declining empire" theories, historians such as Arnold J. Toynbee and James Burke argue that the Roman Empire itself was a rotten system from its inception, and that the entire Imperial era was one of steady decay of its institutions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire (1565 words)

	Byzantine Empire - Phantis
		The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople.
		Although the empire was not yet "Byzantine" under Constantine, Christianity would become one of the defining characteristics of the Byzantine Empire, as opposed to the pagan Roman Empire.
		The Eastern Empire was largely spared the difficulties of the west in the 3rd and 4th centuries, in part because urban culture was better established there and the initial invasions were attracted to the wealth of Rome.
	wiki.phantis.com /index.php/Byzantine_Empire (3669 words)

	Fall of Rome - History for Kids!
		The Romans: From Village to Empire, by Mary Boatwright, Daniel Gargola, and Richard Talbert (2004).
		The Fall of the Roman Empire, by Michael Grant (1976, reprinted 1997) 0684829568.
		Fall of the Roman Empire, by Arthur Ferrill (1986).
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/romans/history/fall.htm (778 words)

	Byzantine Empire - Crystalinks
		Zeno was the emperor when the empire in the west finally collapsed in 476, as the barbarian general Odoacer deposed emperor Romulus Augustus without replacing him with another puppet.
		At that time the Western Roman Empire was already restricted to the sole Italy: Britain had fallen to Angles and Saxons, Spain to Visigoths, Africa to Vandals and Gaul to Franks.
		By far the most significant building of the Byzantine Empire is the great church of Hagia Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom) in Constantinople (532-37), which retained a longitudinal axis but was dominated by its enormous central dome.
	www.crystalinks.com /byzantine.html (3016 words)

	::The fall of Ancient Rome::
		The Roman Empire was attacked by tribes such as the Goths and the Vandals.
		This split geographically was all but a north to south divide between the empire with Spain, France, England, Italy and parts of Germany forming the Western Empire and all areas to the east of this were in the Eastern Empire.
		The Vandals and Visigoths were allowed to live in the Roman Empire as long as they gave a promise to protect the empire from the Huns.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /fall_of_ancient_rome.htm (760 words)

	The Roman Empire
		Byzantines continued to refer to themselves as the Roman Empire for centuries after the Western Roman Empire had fallen, and the Eastern Roman Empire continued to exist until the 1400s, close to 1,000 years after the fall of the West.
		Probably the major fator contributing to the fall of the Western Roman Empire was the influx of Germans.
		Although the fall of the city was by no means the death of the whole Wesern Empire, Rome was the symbol of the Empire, so this was also a devastating blow.
	home.triad.rr.com /warfford/Roman_Empire/empire.html (1139 words)

	The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The empire centering on Constantinople had begun with all the advantages obtained from the inheritance of the political, economic, and intellectual life of the 4th- century Roman empire...
		The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 closed the land route from Europe to Asia and marked the downfall of the Silk Road.
		The Byzantine Empire was the empire that brought widespread adoption of Christianity to Europe - arguably one of the central aspects of a modern Europe’s identity.
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis26.htm (4039 words)

	Survival of the Byzantine Empire
		The survival of the Byzantine Empire was based on the survival of the faith and independence of the people who lived within the this vast great empire.
		It was this more flexible, richer half of the empire which survived the sack of Rome and continued to carry on the traditions of the Roman Empire (Hollister 25).
		The empire was strategically located between the infant western Europe and the infidel world which seethed on the borders of the empire (Browning 94).
	www.lothlorien.net /~jason/school/writings/empire.html (1436 words)

	First Europe Tutorial - Germanic Invasions
		However, the invasions of the Germanic tribes, particularly those of the fifth century, were equally important in precipitating the internal crises of the western empire and in profoundly modifying the political map of the west.
		The Defeat of the Hunnic Empire C.E. As the Visigoths approached Italy in the early fifth century, the Western Empire responded by shifting troops from Britain and from the Rhine and Danube frontiers to the defence of Italy.
		The End of the Western Empire C.E. The Invasion of Italy by the Ostrogoths C.E. A Germanic people that migrated in a very different way than the other Germanic tribes, and with greater and more lasting presence, as a result, were the Franks.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/invas.html (1332 words)

	Europe’s Search for Stability
		In 751 the Lombards the seat of the Byzantine empire in Italy and were demanding tribute from the Pope.
		The decline and fall of the western half of the Roman empire in the 5
		Feudalism was a blend of German and Roman customs that had been enriched by the ideals of Christianity, and created the necessary social, economic and political condition for the survival of medieval civilization in Europe.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/eurosearch.html (3442 words)

	timelinescience - 1001 to 1400 - signs of the times
		The Dark Ages that followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire 500 years before are over.
		In Eastern Europe the Orthodox Christian Byzantine Empire is surviving (at religious loggerheads with catholic western Europe, which is fragmented into small feudal kingdoms).
		Since the fall of the western Roman Empire there has been a decline in learning, applied knowledge and investigation.
	www.timelinescience.org /sns1400.htm (443 words)

	Historical diagram: Byzantine Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Fall of the Western Roman Empire (conventionally in AD 476) and gradual establishment of the Barbarian kingdoms in the West during the 5th cent.
		Evolution of the reduced Roman Empire to a primarily Hellenic-speaking state, centered on the Balkans and Asia Minor from the mid-7th cent.
		Predominance of the Empire of Nikaia in the ensuing conflicts.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/214/21401m/presveis/Pages/info/Reference/HisByz.html (805 words)

	Fall of the Western Roman Empire
		After the the Empire made peace with the Church and before the massive "barbarian" invasions, there was relative peace, which spread to the world of the spirit after the defeat of the Areian heresy.
		In the beginning of the 5th century, the whole of the Western Empire was swept over by Goths, Franks, Vandals, Alans, Sueves, Burgundians and other tribes.
		The next chapter deals with the next two phases, the first one affecting mainly the areas of Syria, Palestine and Egypt (advent of the Muslim Arabs in the 7th century) and the second one affecting Asia Minor and the Balkan peninsula (the conquest of which was completed by the Turks in 1453).
	historicist.tripod.com /ch8.htm (1138 words)

	OUPblog: The Fall of Rome - an author dialogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Peter Heather is the author of The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians and teaches at Worcester College, University of Oxford.
		We have inherited memes of empire and catastrophe, of occupation and decline.
		One of his most distinctive theories - that Christianity was substantially to blame for the Fall of the Empire - came not from his sources alone, but from these combined with the anti-clerical perspective of the eighteenth-century 'Enlightenment'.
	blog.oup.com /oupblog/2005/12/the_fall_of_rom_1.html (2307 words)

	Visigoths
		After the "fall" of the western Roman Empire, the Visigoths continued to play a major role in western European affairs for another 250 years.
		Finally, after the western generalissimo Stilicho was murdered by Honorius in 408 and the Roman legions massacred the families of 30,000 barbarian soldiers serving in the Roman army, Alaric declared war.
		In 507, the Franks wrested control of Aquitaine from the Visigoths, and in 554, Granada and Andalusia were lost to the "Reconquest" of the west by the Byzantine Empire's emperor Justinian I. The Visigoths conquered the Suevi kingdom in 584 and regained the southern areas lost to the Byzantines in 624.
	home.comcast.net /~sylvanarrow/visigoths.htm (874 words)

	The Fall of the Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		So, when we speak of the "fall of the Roman Empire" we just mean the Western half, which fell in the mid 5th Century CE.
		The Roman economy was based on slaves, and they had an ample supply as long as the Empire was expanding.
		The Roman middle class was squeezed out of existence by excessive taxes, while the Chinese middle prospered, and their sons could even rise into the rank of Mandarin by studying for the Imperial Exams.
	members.aol.com /Thales97/fall.htm (442 words)

	Academic Presentations on The Roman Empire
		Depopulation as a primary cause of the fall of the western Roman Empire
		Romans practiced monogamy while polygamy was widely practiced among Germanic tribes. In a Roman marriage, property was transferred from the bride's family (dowry) to the groom while in Germanic marriage, the property transfer went from the groom to the bride in form of bride price and morning gifts.
		For example, he determined that baking bread was essential to the empire so all sons of bakers had to become bakers to ensure that an adequate amount of the commodity would always be produced.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mharrsch/academicpres.rss (11780 words)

	The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople.
		Empire, it is also often referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire.
		The division of the Empire began with the Tetrarchy (quadrumvirate) in the late
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis20.htm (1819 words)

	The Dual Nature of the Byzantine Empire And The Anecdota of Procopius
		That the empire was able to maintain a political unity of sorts for 1,000 years is a testament to the administrative ability of the competent emperors such as Justinian (born 482/3, ruled 527-565) and Heraclius, and the relative efficiency of an extensive bureaucracy that compensated for the weak emperors.
		In the later Byzantine empire, the straight lines and unforgiving angles of the early period eventually gave way to the soft curves and sweeps of classic Hellenistic art, although the religious motifs were faithfully re tained.
		One such innovation en abled the Byzantine empire, under the Emperor Constantine IV, to check the tide of Islam in the 7th century A.D. The invention known as "Greek fire" proved to be a decisive factor in the defense of Constan tin ople.
	www.barnesreview.org /May_June/The_Dual_Nature_of_the_Byzanti/the_dual_nature_of_the_byzanti.html (4476 words)

	The End of the Roman Empire Revisited
		Though Gibbon, an intellectual of the Enlightenment, and Rostovtzeff, a Russian Marxist, approached their topic from very different viewpoints, they both agreed that the "transformation" of Western civilization from the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages was a story of decline and decay.
		From the example of Sidonius Apollinaris, therefore, it is possible to suggest a correlation between the collapse of the imperial administration and the establishment of a Gothic kingdom in Gaul, with an increasing association of Roman identity with orthodox Christianity and the Catholic Church.
		Just as the Roman Empire had withdrawn from Gaul, so now Gallo-Romans were prepared to withdraw behind the edifice of the Gallic church and orthodox Christianity.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /journals/EH/EH37/Goldberg.html (2880 words)

	The Roman Empire (27 B.C.-393 A.D.) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		With its borders secure and a stable central government, the Roman empire enjoyed a period of prosperity, technological advance, great achievements in the arts, and flourishing trade and commerce.
		It was a time when the distinction between provincials and Romans diminished as a greater number of emperors, senators, citizens, and soldiers came from provincial backgrounds and Italians no longer dominated the empire.
		He ensured the protection and reorganization of the empire by creating new, smaller provinces, making a clear distinction between the duties of military commanders and civil governors, and sharing overall control with colleagues—effectively dividing the empire into two halves, West and East.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/roem/hd_roem.htm (1398 words)

	Italia after the fall of the Western Empire - Ancient Roman Empire Forums
		Not too much, no. The north fell to the Goths, then to the Byzantines, then to the Lombards, then to the Franks and (later) the Holy Roman Empire (I think that's the progression, in any event it was gobbled up by various post-Roman forces).
		Zachary's successor Stephen cemented the Papal-Frankish alliance by conferring the title Patrician of the Romans upon Pepin in 754.
		I understand that Roman material culture persisted until the Lombard invasions of the 7th century.
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2438&st=0 (877 words)

	The Christian Roman Empire series
		This can be a cause of some frustration for a student or researcher wanting to trace references back to their original sources, or seeking a confirmation or counterpoint for claims made in modern works.
		Rising from obscure beginnings, Belisarius became the right-hand man of the emperor Justinian I in his 6th century bid to reconquer the lost western provinces of the Roman Empire.
		Jordanes wrote from a nakedly pro-Goth viewpoint, spending a great deal more time on the glory years of the 5th century when the Gothic nations were plundering and conquering the western Roman Empire, and considerably less on the subsequent downfall of the Ostrogoths at the hands of Justinian's armies during his own time.
	www.evolpub.com /CRE/CREseries.html (1145 words)

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