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Fallacy of composition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A fallacy of composition arises when one infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some (or even every) part of the whole. This fallacy is often confused with the fallacy of hasty generalization, in which an unwarranted inference is made from a sample to the population from which it is drawn. The fallacy of composition is the converse of the fallacy of division. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Composition_(logical_fallacy)   (203 words)

Fallacy of division -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30) A (A misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning) fallacy of division occurs when one reasons (The branch of philosophy that analyzes inference) logically that something true of a thing must also be true of at least some of its constituents. The converse of this fallacy is called (additional info and facts about fallacy of composition) fallacy of composition; it arises when one fallaciously attributes a property of some part of a thing to the thing as a whole. If a system as a whole has some property that none of its constituents has (or perhaps, it has it but not as a result of some constituent having that property), this is sometimes called an (additional info and facts about emergent) emergent property of the system. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fa/fallacy_of_division.htm   (171 words)

Fallacy of division - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A fallacy of division occurs when one reasons logically that something true of a thing must also be true of at least some of its constituents. The converse of this fallacy is called fallacy of composition; it arises when one fallaciously attributes a property of some part of a thing to the thing as a whole. If a system as a whole has some property that none of its constituents has (or perhaps, it has it but not as a result of some constituent having that property), this is sometimes called an emergent property of the system. www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Division_(logical_fallacy)   (169 words)

Types of Informal Fallacy Fallacy of argumentum ad baculum (arguing from power or force).- The Latin means "an argument according to the stick," "argument by means of the rod," "argument using force." Arguing to support the acceptance of an argument by a threat, or use of force. Fallacy of argumentum ad hominem (argument against the man).-The Latin means "argument to the man." Arguing against, or rejecting a person's views by attacking or abusing his personality, character, motives, intentions, qualifications, etc., as opposed to providing evidence why the views are incorrect. Fallacy of argumentum ad ignorantiam (argument from ignorance).- The Latin means "argument to ignorance." Arguing that something is true because no one has proved it to be false, or arguing that something is false because no one has proved it to be true. www.beige.org /~gltweasl/fallacy.html   (2396 words)

Division The fallacy of Division is committed when a person infers that what is true of a whole must also be true of its constituents and justification for that inference is not provided. The first type of fallacy of Division is committed when 1) a person reasons that what is true of the whole must also be true of the parts and 2) the person fails to justify that inference with the required degree of evidence. The second version of the fallacy of division is committed when a person 1) draws a conclusion about the properties of indvidual members of a class or group based on the collective properties of the class or group and 2) there is not enough justification for the conclusion. www.hebrew4christians.com /Clear_Thinking/Informal_Fallacies/Division/division.html   (592 words)

American History I: Syllabus Fallacies are the kinds of mistaken beliefs or faulty reasoning that thwart construction of a good thesis or argument. The fallacy of division is the opposite of the Fallacy of Composition. This is the "fallacy fallacy" of arguing that a proposition is false merely on the grounds that it has been presented as the conclusion of a fallacious argument. www.geocities.com /CollegePark/Quad/6460/hfaq/fallacy.html   (2285 words)

DIV-COMP1 The fallacy of composition always moves from part to whole, while hasty generalization moves from specific to general. Division always moves from whole to part while accident moves from general rule to specific case. The relevant fallacy in the above argument is accident, as the right to free speech mentioned in the premise is applicable to each and every individual who falls under the protection of the constitution. csunx2.bsc.edu /bmyers/DIV-COMP1.htm   (542 words)

Fallacies [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30) This fallacy is the converse of the accident fallacy. Guilt by association is a version of the ad hominem fallacy in which a person is said to be guilty of error because of the group he or she associates with. This fallacy is a kind of non sequitur in which the premises are wholly irrelevant to drawing the conclusion. www.utm.edu /research/iep/f/fallacies.htm   (13501 words)

The Atheism Web: Logic & Fallacies   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30) This fallacy is an argument of the form "A implies B, B is true, therefore A is true." To understand why it is a fallacy, examine the truth table for implication given earlier. This fallacy is the reverse of the Fallacy of Accident. This fallacy is an argument of the form "A implies B, A is false, therefore B is false." The truth table for implication makes it clear why this is a fallacy. www.infidels.org /news/atheism/logic.html   (5794 words)

COMPOSITION, DIVISION, HASTY GENERALIZATION AND ACCIDENT   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30) To determine whether the fallacy is division or misapplication, begin by looking at the premises. The relevant fallacy in the above argument is misapplication, as the right to free speech mentioned in the premise is applicable to each and every individual who falls under the protection of the constitution. This argument commits the fallacy of division as having 2.5 children cannot be said of each and every American family. csunx2.bsc.edu /bmyers/DIV-COMP.htm   (544 words)

Division This fallacy fails when the unspoken assumption about the characteristics of the group are not true for all members of the group. This is typically true of groups of people, where the attribution of generalized characteristics form a stereotype, which is then applied to individual members. Division seeks to use this rational process, but does it in an inadequate and invalid way. www.changeminds.org /techniques/argument/fallacies/division.htm   (191 words)

Fallacies of Ambiguity The fallacy of composition involves an inference from the attribution of some feature to every individual member of a class (or part of a greater whole) to the possession of the same feature by the entire class (or whole). Similarly, the fallacy of division involves an inference from the attribution of some feature to an entire class (or whole) to the possession of the same feature by each of its individual members (or parts). The essential point in the fallacy of division is that even when something can be truly said of a whole class, it does not follow that the same can be truly said of each of its individual parts. www.philosophypages.com /lg/e06c.htm   (701 words)

2001 Annual Meeting Information Any such approach commits the fallacy of division: the fallacy of supposing that what is true of a group is therefore true of the members of the group taken individually. Here, the division fallacy is to suppose that an interpretive strategy that would be beneficial if adopted by all judges should therefore be adopted by any particular judge. The division fallacy also infects positive models of the dynamics of legislation. www.aals.org /am2001/mat_vermeule.html   (1322 words)

1.14d   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30) The fallacy of division happens when someone argues that what is true of an entire object must also be true of each part of that object. The argument described in the statement is the fallacy of composition. The fallacy of division happens when someone argues that what is true of part of an object must also be true of the object as a whole. www.humboldt.edu /~act/HTML/tests/fallacy2/3.5f.html   (72 words)

MSN Encarta - Search Results - fallacy of division Division (military), in the U.S. Army, a unit consisting of from 13,000 to 16,000 troops commanded by a major general. Dividend (mathematics), number or quantity that is to be divided by another number or quantity. binomials, decimals, distributive property, dividing to solve problems involving multiplication, division as multiplication, exponents, fractions,... encarta.msn.com /fallacy+of+division.html   (155 words)

Fallacies of Composition and Division   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30) Both the fallacy of composition and the fallacy of division involve parts and wholes. The fallacies are arise because wholes often have properties that their parts lack, and parts often have properties that do not belong to the whole that they constitute. The fallacy of composition is not committed as frequently as many of the other fallacies we've studied, and the fallacy of division is committed even less. www.ou.edu /cas/ouphil/faculty/chris/compdivtop.html   (340 words)

Logical Fallacies Fallacious reasoning keeps us from knowing the truth, and the inability to think critically makes us vulnerable to manipulation by those skilled in the art of rhetoric. The most common classification of fallacies groups fallacies of relevance, of ambiguity, and of presumption. The ‘No True Scotsman’ fallacy, for example, could be classified as a fallacy of ambiguity (an attempt to switch definitions of “Scotsman”) or as a fallacy of presumption (it begs the question, reinterpreting the evidence to fit its conclusion rather than forming its conclusion on the basis of the evidence). www.logicalfallacies.info   (849 words)

Division (logical fallacy) The logical fallacy of division ascribes properties of a whole thing to its parts. This chemical compound is green, therefore all of its atoms are green. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL. www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/di/Division_(logical_fallacy).html   (58 words)

Fallacy Bateson attributes the identification of this fallacy to Whitehead. This is the opposite of the fallacy of division. An attempted justification of this fallacy may be based on the idea that the prevalence of such rumours demands an explanation, and the most likely explanation is that some of them are true. www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~rxv/demcha/fallacy.htm   (2382 words)

onegoodmove: Fallacy of Division   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30) The fallacy consists in assuming that what is true of some part is therefore true of the whole, it is also a problem with ambiguity. That fallacy consists in assuming that what is true of some part is also true of the whole. It is important when making arguments that include groups and individual parts of those groups not to fall victim to fallacies of division or composition. onegoodmove.org /1gm/1gmarchive/000111.html   (543 words)

The Fallacies of Composition and Division Open and Closed Concepts and the Continuum Fallacy,” for most terms, strictly-defined classes of things to which terms refer (strictly-defined denotations) don’t really exist, since most concepts are open. The fallacy of division consists in assuming (wrongly) that a predicate that applies collectively must also apply distributively. The move from (1) to (2) is an obvious fallacy of composition because wetness is an emergent property. instruct.westvalley.edu /lafave/composition_and_division.htm   (1588 words)

Fallacy of Division The fallacy of division is the reverse of the fallacy of composition. Like the fallacy of composition, this is only a fallacy for some properties; for others, it is a legitimate form of inference. This argument, in attributing a macro-property of water, liquidity, to its constituent parts, commits the fallacy of division. www.logicalfallacies.info /fallacyofdivision.html   (140 words)

fallacies A motive-based fallacy that encourages deference to someone else's view when, in fact, those listening to or reading the argument are at least as competent to reason it through as is the presumed authority. Widely-held beliefs should be considered to have a presumption of truth in their favor by the principle of charity, but a presumption that a belief is true is not evidence or an argument that it is true. Distinguish the fallacy of appealing to the people from arguments where appealing to the people is relevant, as in some inductive generalizations. phi2100-02.sp00.fsu.edu /fallacies.html   (1795 words)

Fallacy of division - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography Fallacy of division - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography This page was last modified 15:45, 12 Apr 2005. This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Fallacy of division contains research on www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Fallacy_of_division   (191 words)

Hussman Funds - Weekly Market Comment: January 10, 2005 - Fallacy of Composition The illusion that what is true for each member of a group must be true for the group as a whole is known as the “fallacy of composition.” It's an error that overlooks the interrelationships between the members. The fallacy of composition has an opposite called the “fallacy of division.” The fallacy of division is the error of assuming that what holds true for a group must hold true for each of its individual members. The fallacy of composition also leads people to overlook their own ability to change the world — they pass up opportunities to help others, whether strangers in Thailand or Burma, or people in need nearby, because they believe that their contribution is too small to matter. www.hussmanfunds.com /wmc/wmc050110.htm   (1450 words)

List of fallacy pages:D - EvoWiki   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30) Disjunctive Syllogism Fallacy - "A or B is false; A is false, therefore B is true" Division - "a part has that property, therefore the whole has that property" Division Fallacy - "a part has that property, therefore the whole has that property" www.evowiki.org /index.php/List_of_fallacy_pages:D   (565 words)

Logical Fallacy: Composition If P is an expansive property, then the argument form above is validating, by definition of what such a property is. However, if P is not expansive, then the argument form is non-validating, and any argument of that form commits the fallacy of Composition. If it were true that human beings as a whole have a function, this would be a very different notion of function than that of the function of a human organ. So, even in this case, Aristotle's argument would commit a fallacy, though a different one, namely, Equivocation. www.fallacyfiles.org /composit.html   (271 words)

Classical List o Fallacies   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30) This is an ugly bit of inducting upward from the particulars of a member of class to a property needed to be held by all of the class.... "the fallacy consists in making a thing out of what is not a thing, an entity out of an abstraction, for instance and drawing a conclusion from it. This is generally based upon an equivocation in which the meaning of one of the three terms in the syllogism shifts..... www.wetware.com /drieux/PPandE/Philo/LogicFault.html   (1371 words)

MSN Encarta - Dictionary - fallacy of division MSN Encarta - Dictionary - fallacy of division Search for "fallacy of division" in all of MSN Encarta economics extrapolation from whole to part: the logical fallacy that something that works for the economy as a whole should also work for subsets of the economy encarta.msn.com /dictionary_561547037/fallacy_of_division.html   (75 words)

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