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Topic: Falling diphthong

	diphthong@Everything2.com
		A diphthong is a sequence of vowels, but not every sequence of vowels is a diphthong.
		The key is that a diphthong is a single phoneme, that is the speakers feel it is a single sound, and makes a single syllable: as in bit bat beet bite boot bout, we don't notice in speech that some have one vowel, others two: all are a single syllable.
		Most languages, if they have diphthongs at all (about a third of them do), include ones of the type /ai/ and /au/, as in high and how; that is where a low vowel /a/ rises to a higher position near the roof of the mouth.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node=diphthong&lastnode_id=663931 (1079 words)

	Diphthong - ikiW
		In phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (Greek δίφθογγος, "diphthongos", literally "with two sounds," or "with two tones") is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another, often interpreted by listeners as a single vowel sound or phoneme.
		Falling (or descending) diphthongs start with a vowel of higher prominence (higher pitch or louder) and end in a vowel with less prominence, like /aɪ̯/ in "eye", while rising (or ascending) diphthongs begin with a less prominent vowel and end with a more prominent vowel, like /ɪ̯a/ in "yard".
		In Finnish, for instance, the opening diphthongs /ie/ and /uo/ are true falling diphthongs, since they begin louder and with higher pitch and fall in prominence during the diphthong (this is indicated by bolding in the previous transcriptions).
	ikiw.net /en/Diphthong (463 words)

	Diphthongs - Psy145
		In phonetics, a diphthong (Greek δίφθογγος, "diphthongos", literally "with two sounds") is a vowel combination usually involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another, often interpreted by listeners as a single vowel sound or phoneme.
		Diphthongs are represented by two symbols, for example English "same" as [seɪm], where the two vowel symbols are intended to represent approximately the beginning and ending tongue positions.
		Falling diphthongs are stressed on the first element, rising diphthongs on the second.
	readinglab.psych.duke.edu /psy145s06/index.php/Diphthongs (221 words)

	Diphthong - ikiW
		In phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (Greek δίφθογγος, "diphthongos", literally "with two sounds," or "with two tones") is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another, often interpreted by listeners as a single vowel sound or phoneme.
		Falling (or descending) diphthongs start with a vowel of higher prominence (higher pitch or louder) and end in a vowel with less prominence, like /aɪ̯/ in "eye", while rising (or ascending) diphthongs begin with a less prominent vowel and end with a more prominent vowel, like /ɪ̯a/ in "yard".
		In Finnish, for instance, the opening diphthongs /ie/ and /uo/ are true falling diphthongs, since they begin louder and with higher pitch and fall in prominence during the diphthong (this is indicated by bolding in the previous transcriptions).
	diphthong.ikiw.net /en/Diphthong (445 words)

	Diphthong at AllExperts
		Falling diphthongs start with a vowel of higher sonority and end in a vowel with less sonority, e.g.,, while rising diphthongs begin with a vowel with less sonority and end with a vowel of higher sonority, e.g.,.
		Falling diphthongs with or as their weaker vowel are frequent in Portuguese.
		The difference between a rising diphthong and a hiatus is not phonemic; the former are usually found in colloquial speech, and the latter in careful pronunciation.
	en.allexperts.com /e/d/di/diphthong.htm (627 words)

	Diphthong - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Falling diphthongs with /i/ or /u/ as their weaker vowel are frequent in Portuguese.
		Rising diphthongs, with /i/ or /u/ as their weaker vowel, occur less often, and many of them may also be analysed as hiatuses, e.g., fé-rias /fɛɾi̯ɐʃ/ (two syllables, with a diphthong) or fé-ri-as /fɛɾiɐʃ/ (three syllables, with a hiatus).
		The difference between a rising diphthong and a hiatus is not phonemic; the former are usually found in colloquial speech, and the latter in careful pronunciation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diphthongs (966 words)

	An illustrated note on diphthongs
		Diphthongs may be further classified as wide or narrow, as closing or opening, or as backing, fronting or centring.
		It is not mentioned whether the diphthongs in the example are rising or falling, but they are all wide.
		A diphthong during whose articulation the tongue moves toward the central vowel schwa, such as the diphthongs [ie], [ue] or [ee] in non-rhotic pronounciations of beer, poor and fair.
	home.nvg.org /~taliesin/conlang/diphthongs.html (548 words)

	Reading Middle Welsh -- 3 Pronunciation: Diphthongs
		Appendix D lists the words which have these diphthongs, and it should be read aloud.
		The "falling" diphthong combines the vowel W (the "stressed element") and the consonant Y.
		The "rising" diphthong combines the consonant W and the vowel Y (the "stressed element") as in English twin, queen.
	canol.home.att.net /chap03.html (360 words)

	An illustrated note on diphthongs
		Diphthongs may be further classified as wide or narrow, as closing or opening, or as backing, fronting or centring.
		It is not mentioned whether the diphthongs in the example are rising or falling, but they are all wide.
		A diphthong during whose articulation the tongue moves toward the central vowel schwa, such as the diphthongs [ie], [ue] or [ee] in non-rhotic pronounciations of beer, poor and fair.
	taliesin.nvg.org /conlang/diphthongs.html (548 words)

	Diphtongs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Diphthongs, both rising and falling, are widespread in the dialects.
		Falling diphthongs within a root are attested in few cases, only in borrowed stems: Israejl-, Ierusalejm-, amejn, shejn- (build), cejn- (spring up).
		Rising diphthongs in Old Georgian are found only within a morpheme and consist of the “semivowel” w on the one hand, and the vowels a, e, i on the other hand: twali, ttwe, shwidi.
	www.ling.lu.se /education/homepages/ALS061/vt/PHON/04Dipht.html (221 words)

	prelim_gwr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		There are 16 falling diphthongs (vowel except /r/ + glide i, ï, u)-- æi, ïi, ai, ui, oi, òi; iï, eï, uï, oï, iu, eu, æu, ïu, au, òu.
		Theoretically, and historically, the diphthongs ii, ei; æï, ïï, aï, òï, uu, ou exist, but in practice are realized as long vowels-- resp.
		All diphthongs (except yr, wr) may be followed by a final /q, ng, h/.
	cinduworld.tripod.com /prelim_gwr.htm (863 words)

	: diphthong (also gliding vowel) (Greek δίφθογγος, "diphthongos", literally "with two sounds," or "with two ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Falling (or descending) diphthongs start with a vowel of higher prominence (higher pitch or louder) and end in a vowel with less prominence, like /aɪ̯/ in "eye", while rising (or ascending) diphthongs begin with a less prominent vowel and end with a more prominent vowel, like /ɪ̯a/ in "yard".
		In Finnish, for instance, the opening diphthongs /ie/ and /uo/ are true falling diphthongs, since they begin louder and with higher pitch and fall in prominence during the diphthong (this is indicated by bolding in the previous transcriptions).
		Rising diphthongs, with /i/ or /u/ as their weaker vowel, occur less often, and many of them may also be analysed as hiatuses, e.g., fé-rias /fɛɾi̯ɐʃ/ (two syllables, with a diphthong) or fé-ri-as /fɛɾiɐʃ/ (three syllables, with a hiatus).
	www.indias.com /wiki-Diphthong (1842 words)

	Diphthong information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In phonetics, a diphthong (Greek δίφθογγος, "diphthongos", literally "with two sounds") is a vowel combination in a single syllable involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another, often interpreted by listeners as a single vowel sound or phoneme.
		Falling diphthongs start with a vowel of higher sonority and end in a vowel with less sonority, e.g., /ai̯/, while rising diphthongs begin with a vowel with less sonority and end with a vowel of higher sonority, e.g., /i̯a/.
		Falling diphthongs with /i/ or /u/ as their weaker vowel are frequent in Portuguese.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Diphthong (651 words)

	Diphthong information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In phonetics, a diphthong (Greek δίφθογγος, "diphthongos", literally "with two sounds") is a vowel combination in a single syllable involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another, often interpreted by listeners as a single vowel sound or phoneme.
		Falling diphthongs start with a vowel of higher sonority and end in a vowel with less sonority, e.g., /ai̯/, while rising diphthongs begin with a vowel with less sonority and end with a vowel of higher sonority, e.g., /i̯a/.
		The element with less sonority in the diphthong may be transcribed as semivowel.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Diphthong (644 words)

	Speech Technology 1987 Abstract: Peeters, W. J. M. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		There are thus two extreme types of diphthong, a 'sequential' type, (...), and a 'gliding' type, (...), with, of course, a continuum of possible gradations between these extremes.
		What they do refer to is the relation of the diphthong to the 'stress curve', or initiator-power pulse with which it is associated.
		A falling diphthong is one with what may called 'decrescendo stress', (...)." (215-6).
	www.isca-speech.org /archive/ecst_1987/e87_1042.html (212 words)

	Talk:Diphthong - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Falling diphthongs go from a high point to a lower point and centering ones go from a non-center point towards schwa.
		As I understand it, "falling" and "rising" diphthongs do not refer to relative positions in the IPA vowel chart (otherwise they would be synonymous with "opening" and "closing", and thus superfluous) but to whether the first element is stressed (falling) or the second (rising).
		I thought that falling diphthongs were the ones with stress on the first vowel, and rising diphthongs were the ones with stress on the second vowel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Diphthong (1930 words)

	portuguese_phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Falling diphthongs are composed of a vowel followed by one of the semivowels ; although rising diphthongs occur in the language as well, they can be interpreted as hiatuses.
		Nasal vowels, vowels that belong to falling diphthongs, and the high vowels and, are not affected by this process, nor is the vowel when written as the digraph ou.
		Although rising diphthongs are frequent in the language as well, especially those composed of semivowel or semivowel followed by another vowel, they can be analysed as hiatuses.
	www.viagraville.com /wiki/?title=Portuguese_phonology (2868 words)

	Dissertation Details
		Phonological Variation in Glides and Diphthongs of Seoul Korean: Its Synchrony and Diachrony
		The present study claims that this change is caused by a relative lack of perceptual saliency of this diphthongal sequence.
		It is claimed that ii monophthongization has dual causation: structural pressure to eliminate the only remaining falling diphthong ii and a relative lack of acoustic modulations between the component segments of this diphthong.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /publications/dissertations/detail.php?item_number=KANG-1997 (449 words)

	DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada - A Estrutura da Sílaba em Português Europeu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In most of the falling diphthongs, the phonetic glide is, phonologically, an underspecified vowel that has to be lexically marked as a trough (see Andrade and Laks, 1991).
		We think that the constraints on the occurrence of diphthongs should be analysed in relation with the stressed syllable in order to establish their different weights, if there is any.
		It is worth to recall that the phonetic glides of the falling diphthongs are [-cons] segments and are lexically marked as troughs.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-44501998000100002&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en (3322 words)

	falling - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		downward slope or declivity: the gentle rise and fall of the meadow.
		fall all over oneself, to show unusual or excessive enthusiasm or eagerness, esp. in the hope of being favored or rewarded: The young trainees fell all over themselves to praise the boss's speech.
		The act of holding a wrestling opponent on his or her back so that the shoulders remain in contact with the mat for a designated period, usually one or two seconds, thereby winning the match.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/falling (3092 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.873: Rising and Falling Diphthongs
		There are of course languages with large diphthong inventories, but it is very rare to have a language in which the number of branching nuclei is the square of the number of simple nuclei.
		A number of languages have what might be called orthographic diphthongs: languages in which the first (or last) member of a diphthong is always a high vowel and patterns like a glide.
		However,the ingliding diphthongs can be analyzed as underlying long vowels (and they are realized with little or no inglide in some contexts) in some cases and as a combination of a rounded initial consonant plus plain vowel in the rest of the cases.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/9/9-873.html (1692 words)

	Linguistic Terms
		See also falling diphthong, rising diphthong, semivowel (glide), vowel.
		n : a diphthong composed of a vowel followed by a less sonorous glide.
		three letters spelling a single consonant, vowel, or diphthong: eau of beau is a trigraph.
	www.orbilat.com /General_References/Linguistic_Terms.html (6488 words)

	DIPHTHONG - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The vowels of weave, groove are narrow diphthongs, because they move slightly within the close vowel area, but this movement is usually disregarded and they are treated as monophthongs.
		A falling diphthong is stressed on the first element, and a rising diphthong is stressed on the second.
		The diphthongs of English tend to be of the falling type, with the exception of the vowel sound in view, which can be interpreted as rising.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O29-DIPHTHONG.html (678 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.443: Short Diphthongs
		I have no trouble analyzing diphthongs with alternating length in Government Phonology: there is a single contour melody which is attached to one vs.
		Thus, diphthongs occur when "V" is a syllabic vowel cluster (basic diphthong), or when a monophthongal "V" is combined with a preceding medial "w" (rising diphthong) or with a final "w" or "y" (falling diphthong).
		Note that the /A/--/aa/ contrast in three of he pairs is indicated in the spelling not by a diacritic over the _a_ spelling the vowel on the left, but by writing the following nonsyllabic high front vowel with _y_ and _i_ respectively, or nonsyllabic high back vowel either as _u_ or as _o_.
	linguistlist.org /issues/9/9-443.html (1018 words)

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