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Topic: False dilemma

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	Encyclopedia: False dilemma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The logical fallacy of false dilemma, also known as fallacy of the excluded middle, false dichotomy, either/or dilemma or bifurcation, is to set up two alternative points of view as if they were the only options, when they are not.
		The logical fallacy of false dilemma, which is also known as fallacy of the excluded middle, false dichotomy, either/or dilemma or bifurcation, involves a situation in which two alternative points of view are held to be the only options, when in reality there exist one or more alternate options which have not been considered.
		A false dilemma may not necessarily be limited to two choices; it may involve three possibilities, in which case it is known as a trifurcation, or more, in which case the dilemma may be more the result of accidental omission than deliberate intent.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/False-dilemma (816 words)

	Hospital Development: false alarm dilemma, The
		False alarms can be highly stressful to patients as well as inconvenient, yet systems that minimise them must also remain sensitive to actual fires.
		In a building where a false alarm is a rare event, the signalling of a fire alarm bell means that the chance of a real emergency unfolding is fairly high.
		One of the major risks of fire alarms in a hospital, false or otherwise, is the confusion that is likely to be generated, with the possibility of injury or even cardiac arrest for at-risk patients.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3873/is_199803/ai_n8786032 (925 words)

	The Black-or-White Fallacy
		For this reason, this fallacy is sometimes called "false" or "bogus" dilemma.
		So, while an argument with a false premiss is unsound, it is usually not considered fallacious.
		However, when a disjunctive premiss is false for specifically logical reasons, or when the support for it is based upon a fallacy, then the argument commits the Black-or-White Fallacy.
	www.fallacyfiles.org /eitheror.html (415 words)

	Informal Fallacies
		The "false dilemma" fallacy is a derivative of the valid dilemma form in symbolic logic.
		It is called a "dilemma" based on the fact that the argument is usually used against an opponent, showing the opponent that his argument has two (and only two) forms, and that no matter which of the two are chosen, some bad consequence (R) will result.
		However, such an argument would be a false dilemma if it were in fact the case that there was a third (or fourth, or fifth) option other than P and Q. Then (R) could be avoided.
	www2.drury.edu /cpanza/introreview1-5.html (444 words)

	The Decepto-Meter goes crazy when you bring it near the Watchtower booklet!
		False Dilemmas: A false dilemma is where you force someone into a wrong conclusion with only two choices without telling them there is a third option to consider.
		A typical example of a false dilemma is where anti-Trinitarians lead the reader to falsely conclude that if Jesus is subordinate to the Father, that Jesus must be a creature.
		Anti-Trinitarians are setting up a false dilemma in the mind of the reader in that they project the false idea that if God (Jesus) becomes man through incarnation, and is subject to any type of development, that Jesus is no longer God or never was God.
	www.bible.ca /trinity/trinity-jw-anti-trinity-booklet-decepto-meter.htm (2039 words)

	CMC Magazine January 1996: A Plea for Understanding--Beyond False Dilemmas on the Net
		Susan Dwyer's observation that both sides of the dilemma rest on a consequentialist approach which may be less adequate than the non-consequentialist approach she develops.
		In addition, in my view, this dilemma is a false one: it misses a third alternative which may satisfy interests on both sides.
		I then turn to develop a positive foundation for restrictions on speech that are not externally imposed in the name of censorship, but are freely chosen in light of a Habermasian understanding of democracy and the implications of communication styles on the Net as they relate to gender.
	www.december.com /cmc/mag/1996/jan/ess.html (429 words)

	Comments on 8033 \| Ask MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The problem is you establish A if false simply by saying B is true (or the converse establishing B is true based solely on the fact A is false which is more to the question) when C could be true- but leaving no option for C. And what LittleMissCranky said.
		It's a false dilemma, or the fallacy of the excluded middle.
		The false dilemma is really about limiting choice, so by only including two entities in the argument you have to come to that conclusion.
	ask.metafilter.com /mefi/8033 (1013 words)

	Whirled Views 09.10.05
		False Dilemma — an informal fallacy in which a limited number of options (typically two) are provided when more options are applicable.
		As is apparent in these examples, a false dilemma generally occurs as a result of invalidly applying the operator “or”.
		Fyne - Bush's false dilemma in his "you're with us or against us" statement stems from the belief that only his way to deal with terrorism is right, and if you don't agree with it, then you are his enemy.
	www.worldmagblog.com /blog/archives/018023.html (13109 words)

	False dilemmas and the Trinity (Logical fallacies and horns of the dilemma)
		False dilemmas and the Trinity (Logical fallacies and horns of the dilemma)
		A false dilemma is an illegitimate use of the "or" operator where an individual is forced into making only one of two choices that are put into "fl or white", when gray is the real answer!
		But false dilemmas are often offered to pressure one into accepting an obviously false position, or the one advocated by the argument maker.
	www.bible.ca /trinity/trinity-false-dilemmas.htm (1752 words)

	Fallacies [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Because examples of false dilemma, inconsistent premises, and begging the question are valid arguments in this sense, this definition misses some standard fallacies.
		Latin for "with this, therefore because of this." This is a false cause fallacy that doesn't depend on time order (as does the post hoc fallacy), but on any other chance correlation of the supposed cause being in the presence of the supposed effect.
		A reasoner who suggests that a claim is true, or false, merely because he or she strongly hopes it is, is committing the fallacy of wishful thinking.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/f/fallacies.htm (13501 words)

	Mission: Critical (False Dilemma Fallacy)
		False Dilemma (Either-Or Fallacy, Black and White Fallacy).
		As we explain in the section on options, whenever you are presented with two possibilities, it is crucial to establish whether those possibilities are contradictions, contraries, or choices.
		Notice the difference between this false dilemma and the similar claim, "America: if you don't love it, you ought to leave it." The latter is a statement of advocacy, and while the options seem to be the same (loving or leaving), the result is quite different.
	www2.sjsu.edu /depts/itl/graphics/adhom/dilemma.html (962 words)

	Pro-lifers on the Horns of a False Dilemma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pro-lifers on the Horns of a False Dilemma
		The key flaw in the dilemma is this: it simply does not follow that if one believes abortion is murder, he would advocate killing individual abortionists.
		I fully realize that pro-lifers caught on the horns of this dilemma may not be able to quickly disgorge themselves.
	www.lifeway.com /lwc/lwc_cda_article/0,1643,A=155955&X=1&M=50088,00.html (1518 words)

	false dilemma
		The false dilemma is a fallacy of reasoning that omits consideration of all reasonable alternatives.
		This does not mean that they are mentally ill, but their false beliefs may be so deeply embedded in their personalities that no amount of evidence or argument could convince them of their errors.
		Another example of the false dilemma: L. Ron Hubbard claimed that either cells are sentient or the human soul enters "the sperm and ovum at conception" (Dianetics: 71).
	skepdic.com /falsedilemma.html (935 words)

	onegoodmove: False Dilemma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		False Dilemma:two choices are given when in fact there are three options
		The first example of a false dilemma was "Either you're for me or against me" This had a familiar ring to it.
		In the case of a False Dilemma you would present the options given and show (with an example) that there is an additional option.
	onegoodmove.org /1gm/1gmarchive/000080.html (420 words)

	Logical Fallacies
		A false dilemma is an illegitimate use of the "or" operator.
		Because the source of a rumor is typically not known, it is not possible to determine whether to believe the rumor.
		Definition: The manner in which an argument (or arguer) is presented is used to affect the likelihood that the conclusion is true.
	www.cs.bsu.edu /homepages/kevinp/aesthetics/fallacies.html (1885 words)

	ESGS Logical Fallacies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A False Dilemma is a fallacy in which a person uses the following pattern of "reasoning":
		false), when c1 and c2 could both be false (resp.
		Extensional orientation is a way to overcome a tendency to abusively use such forms.
	www.esgs.org /uk/log01.htm (209 words)

	Wikinfo \| False dilemma
		The logical fallacy of false dilemma (also called false dichotomy or excluded middle) is to set up two alternative points of view as if they were the only options, argue against one of them, and thereby conclude that the other must be true.
		As an example of a false dilemma, consider the following argument.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=False_dilemma (264 words)

	O Log - False Dilemma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In philosophy and logic, false dilemma is simply the idea of being presented with some choices, and (falsely) assuming they are the only choices, hemming and hawing over which one to choose.
		Victims of false dilemma will consider these three possibilities, no matter how evil they all seem, eventually taking the lesser of evils, without ever saying -- what about going back the way I came?
		The false dilemma is that I only have tended to consider those two choices.
	www.mapsurfer.com /ol/ol_ar017.html (525 words)

	False Dichotomy logical fallacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A dichotomy is evaluated on a premise that only two alternatives are possible.
		This is false when other alternatives are in fact possible, which usually is the case.
		When taken as a rhetorical device, this quote has also been attributed by another source to a fallacy which it identifies as Appeal to Gallery, which corresponds to the fallacies listed here as Appeal to Emotion and Appeal to Fear.
	www.sierrafoot.org /soapbox/fallacies/false_dichotomy.html (125 words)

	False Dilemma
		Disciplines > Argument > Fallacies > False Dilemma
		If A is true, B is therefore false.
		The other person is offered a choice where rejecting one item acts as a selection of the other.
	changingminds.org /disciplines/argument/fallacies/false_dilemma.htm (109 words)

	To Teach or Starve: A False Dilemma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Our professor may well have been right, for it is clear that many students make the very assumption he posed (and perhaps believed himself).
		However, the dilemma, I believe, is clearly a false one.
		At least the experience of our English majors over the last few years indicates that the majority do not enter the teaching profession, nor do they starve; rather, they are engaged in a wide variety of occupations, mostly in various businesses in Omaha and the surrounding area.
	www.mla.org /ade/bulletin/N040/040037.htm (896 words)

	Scripture or magisterium? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Many people hold this false notion that Protestantism champions the "me-Bible-only" Lone Ranger mentality, which unfortunately is so common among us.
		On the one hand, we have the false claim of infallible authority by the leaders of the Roman Church.
		They refuse to be accountable to the church in general because they say that ordinary Christians cannot rightly interpret the Bible.
	www.justforcatholics.org /a176.htm (1226 words)

	Bifurcation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		False dilemma occurs when a claim - usually a premise in a (perhaps otherwise valid deductive) argument - presents an artificial range of choices, e.g., two choices when there are really three or more.
		If you claim that an argument involves false dilemma, however - the burden of proof is on you to show why the dilemma is false: be prepared to identify at least one additional, relevant option which is omitted in what you are arguing is a false dilemma.
		(Not every dilemma is false: many lights, for example, are either on or off; one is or is not pregnant, etc.)
	www.drury.edu /ess/logic/informal/Bifurcation.html (407 words)

	The false dilemma behind the Bush Amnesty
		If we had accepted the same false dilemma in the War on Terror, we'd never have fought it.
		America didn't accept the false dilemma of Coexistence, Appeasement, or Xenophobia.
		They are attempting to frame the debate with the same false dilemma that the Democrats did with the War on Terror: Coexistence, Amnesty/appeasement, and Xenophobia.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1059898/posts (6607 words)

	FNF: FALSE DICHOTOMIES and IMPROPER POLARIZATION 2001-03-30
		"A dichotomy is a split -- a false dichotomy is a false split.
		False Alternative and False Dilemma are along the same banter, false splits.
		"False Dichotomy, Black and White thinking, Boolean Syndrome, Doughnut, False Alternative, False Dilemma: Possibly the longest set of names to describe one fallacy, Black and White Thinking (the most common) is
	www.hi.is /~joner/eaps/wh_polar.htm (817 words)

	False dichotomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In a false dichotomy (also called a false dilemma, either or, fl or white, the missing middle) you are presented with two choices, when in fact there are more than two choices.
		If one choice is discredited, then the reader is forced to accept the other choice.
		The text on these pages may be freely copied, distributed and posted as long as my name, this statement and the URL (http://info-pollution.com/false.htm) are included.
	info-pollution.com /false.htm (290 words)

	Informal Fallacies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Recent debate over the activities of the National Endowment for the Arts included several examples of a false dilemma, not the least of which was the claim that if the NEA didn't fund all artists, then that would be censorship (unconstitutional).
		A recent ad by Lamar Alexander run during the primaries is a novel version of the False Dilemma - he only gives us four choices, (Himself, Dole, Forbes and Buchanan) only one of which is portrayed as a good choice.
		In the case of (d) the claim in question must be true (or false) on more reasonable grounds than the fact that everyone thinks it is true.
	www.kcmetro.cc.mo.us /longview/CTAC/fallacy.htm (3014 words)

	Applying False Lashes - Dilemma of the Week - Makeup - iVillage Beauty
		Dilemma of the Week: How do I apply false lashes?
		False lashes are a fun way to enhance your eyes and play with your look.
		There are two types of false lashes, individual and strip.
	beauty.ivillage.com /makeup/makeupartist/0,,mlwf,00.html (286 words)

	Find in a Library: The false dilemma : globalization - opportunity or threat?
		The false dilemma : globalization - opportunity or threat?
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	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/fb5a1d1af3f863f9a19afeb4da09e526.html (57 words)

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