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Topic: Famennian

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	Palaeos Paleozoic: Devonian: The Famennian Age
		During the Late Famennian the seed habit evolved.
		With the end of the Frasnian and the advent of Famennian time, brachiopod faunas are known to have undergone mass extinction of many important groups.
		The Early Famennian brachiopod post-extinction assemblage is dominated mainly by only two dwarf species which represent rhynchonellids and spiriferids.
	www.palaeos.com /Paleozoic/Devonian/Famennian.htm (431 words)

	WCSB Atlas Chapter 13 Devonian Wabamun Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The Famennian subsurface strata of Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia consist of a series of stacked cyclical ramp and shelf carbonates and associated evaporites of the Wabamun Group.
		Morro carbonates overlie Famennian Sassenach sandstones in the southern Rocky Mountains and Frasnian Simla limestones in the northern outcrop areas.
		Contact between the Famennian upper Graminia silt and the Wabamun carbonates is gradational, a result of reworking of upper Graminia strata during the Wabamun transgression (see Switzer et al., this volume, Chapter 12).
	www.ags.gov.ab.ca /publications/ATLAS_WWW/A_CH13/CH_13_F.shtml (8175 words)

	Late Famennian correlation by miospores between the Refrath 1 borehole (Bergisch Gladbach-Paffrath Syncline, Germany) ...
		Comparison with the range of sizes in other miospores supports the conclusion that this decrease is not the result of a process of sorting in the carbonate facies but rather a consequence of some evolutionary process.
		The Chanxhe road section is a candidate reference section, in a neritic facies, for the transition between late Famennian and latest Famennian.
		A proposal for a conodont-based definition of the lower limit of the uppermost Famennian at the base of the late expansa Zone (Streel, 2005) is still under consideration by the International Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy and, in this context, a search for a good reference section in a neritic facies is more important than ever.
	paleopolis.rediris.es /cg/CG2005_M02/CG2005_M02_Abstract10.html (1303 words)

	Bibliography
		The Upper Devonian (Frasnian and Famennian) of Iran is briefly reviewed, as is the geologic setting of specific sections sampled in eastern and central Iran in the 1970s by A. de Lapparent.
		Recent study or revision of the fauna from these sections in relation to the program of IGCP 421 has included Frasnian and Famennian rhynchonellid and spiriferid brachiopods (Brice, 1999b), stromatoporoids (Mistiaen, 1999) and rugose corals (Rohart, 1999) Taxa discriminated and their stratigraphic distribution are tabulated.
		Famennian (Late Devonian) reefs exposed in the Windjana Limestone of the Canning Basin, northwestern Australia, demonstrate, however, that a novel reef ecology was established in the immediate aftermath of the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction.
	www.korallen.de /iasfcp/vol301/porifera.html (3073 words)

	[No title]
		Famennian corals (Rugosa and Heterocorallia) occur in three areas of southern Poland: the Holy Cross Mountains and the Kraków area situated along the south-western margin of the East European Platform, and the Sudetes located within the Variscan orogenic belt.
		The early Famennian fauna is characterized by diverse cyrtospiriferids, abundant Yunnanellina and productoids.
		The Emsian and Famennian faunas, although represented by most numerous (sub)families and genera have less than average diversities, due to their more than average durations, whereas the shorter intervals of the Pragian and Givetian have the highest values for diversity per Ma, and the Frasnian faunas the lowest diversities, for both (sub)families and genera.
	www.korallen.de /iasfcp/vol312/body_corals.html (6421 words)

	Litasfera (Lithosphere), 1997, No.6
		In the Late Famennian the North-Pripyat fault was a boundary of the Paleorift.
		Very late in the Famennian (Polessian time) the amplitude of the Pripyat Graben sinking relative to the North-Pripyat shoulder was as high as 1 km and even slightly higher, and in the Early Carboniferous it reached 450 m.
		The lower part of the Famennian salt sequence was strongly complicated by halokinesis and salt is often squeezed to salt massifs from synclines.
	www.ac.by /publications/litho/litho6.html (3952 words)

	Famennian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Regarding the Famennian, all that would be needed is a final vote/votes after deciding if there is to be a fourth subdivision or not.
		In this context, some of the Carnic Alps Famennian sections may be considered for additional team-study, or considered as candidate sections purely on the basis of conodont biostratigraphy (especially for the upper subdivision) if a majority of the SDS members wish to continue this goal.
		It may be considered as a possible candidate stratotype section for the fourfold subdivision of the Famennian (base of an uppermost Famennian at the base of the Upper expansa Zone).
	sds.uta.edu /sds18/page0064.htm (1185 words)

	BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, PALEOECOLOGY, AND TAXONOMY OF DEVONIAN (EMSIAN AND FAMENNIAN) CRINOIDS FROM SOUTHEASTERN MOROCCO ...
		BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, PALEOECOLOGY, AND TAXONOMY OF DEVONIAN (EMSIAN AND FAMENNIAN) CRINOIDS FROM SOUTHEASTERN MOROCCO
		Middle Frasnian crinoid grain- and packstones cover a wide region of the northwestern carbonate platform, and early to middle Famennian massive crinoidal limestones are widespread in the northern (Wendt et al., 1984; Becker, 1993) and southern (Korn et al, 2000) parts of the platform.
		Discovery of articulated specimens of one Emsian genus in the Tafilalt and of four genera of Famennian crinoids in the Ma'der area of the AntiAtlas Mountains of southeastern Morocco forms the basis of this paper.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200511/ai_n15742385 (860 words)

	Paleozoic Salt Complexes, Ukraine, Part I, Devonian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Three salt complexes are present: (1) upper Frasnian, (2) upper Famennian, both in the Upper Devonian, and (3) Lower Permian.
		The upper Famennian salt complex is much less extensive than the upper Frasnian complex.
		On a basis of drilling the upper Famennian salt is subdivided into lower (sulfate-carbonate), middle (salt proper), and upper (sulfate-carbonate) members.
	geocities.com /internetgeology/L155a.html (530 words)

	8Nov2000
		In recent years, the mass extinction of conodonts in the late Frasnian, associated with the Kellwasser event at the end of the linguiformis time, is generally recognized [Sandberg et al., 1988].
		In our opinion, the Frasnian conodont extinction occurred in the process of the evolution, and here we quite agree with the point of view formulated by O. Walliser, one of the authors of the eventual stratigraphy theory, in conversation during his visit to and study of he Shishkat Section.
		According to him, the mass extinction of the organisms, associated with the Kellwasser event, could be a long process lasting from the late linguiformis time up to the beginning of the Early Famennian crepida.
	www.geneseo.edu /~frasnian/8Nov2000.htm (917 words)

	Famennian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Famennian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian epoch.
		It was during this age that tetrapods first appeared.
		The beginning of the Famennian is marked by a major extinction event.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Famennian (95 words)

	R-017
		A description of facial interfingering between the forereef-to-slope and the platform sediments enabled reconstruction of the transgressional shift of the platform margin reefs toward the "inland" as well as subsequent regressive, basinward progradation of the Late Frasnian sediments.
		The cover consisting of the Famennian lenticular limestones forms a wedge that shows a condensation in upper part of the ramp.
		Early Famennian (Pa. triangularis to crepida) light-colored limestones with scattered coral fragments are very unusual sediments for these geological times.
	www.gli.cas.cz /myweb/home/hladil/REF-Y/R-017.html (485 words)

	TOBIAS-lib - Evolution of a Devonian carbonate shelf at the northern margin of Gondwana (Jebel Rheris, eastern ...
		During the Devonian, a carbonate shelf was established at the northern rim of the West-African craton.
		A significant difference of this biostrome—crinoidal grainstone succession compared to continuously growing reefs is the fact that communities repeatedly had to start with the colonisation stage, and therefore could not reach a mature or climax stage.
		It is argued that the late Famennian transgression was responsible for the accumulation of type 1 fl pebbles.
	w210.ub.uni-tuebingen.de /dbt/volltexte/2004/1123 (1386 words)

	The development of Archaeopteris: new evolutionary characters from the structural analysis of an Early Famennian trunk ...
		The development of Archaeopteris: new evolutionary characters from the structural analysis of an Early Famennian trunk from southeast Morocco -- Meyer-Berthaud et al.
		The development of Archaeopteris: new evolutionary characters from the structural analysis of an Early Famennian trunk from southeast Morocco
		1991 Archaeopteris roemeriana (Göppert) sensu Stockmans, 1948 from the Upper Famennian of Belgium: anatomy and leaf polymorphism.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/87/4/456 (4894 words)

	Famennian Substages Working Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		A conclusion of this report, is that "it seems clear, that first a decision on the number of substages is needed".
		Any votes for/against a fourfold subdivision of the Famennian should be postponed to the following SDS meeting scheduled, at Frankfurt (Germany) in May 2001.
		Two years ago (at Bologne SDS meeting) most of the subgroup members have suggested that, aside recommending an Uppermost Famennian Substage to be defined at the base of the Late
	sds.uta.edu /nwsltr_17/errata/SDS_Strunien_2000_Rio_streel.htm (376 words)

	U-Famennian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		If the 5 Ma Frasnian is to be subdivided into 3 substages, the 10 Ma Famennian might well be subdivided into 4 or even 5 substages allowing approximately equal subdivisions of the Stage (see for instance the text-figure in Sandberg, Ziegler and Morrow 2000).
		In the highest part of the Famennian, one unformal chronostratigraphic unit has been used, for a long time and is still used in many countries, named Etroeungt Zone or Strunian, or simply, uppermost (or latest) Famennian (see the non-exhaustive reference list of papers using this unit, presented by D. Brice).
		In the type late and latest Famennian (Fa2c /Fa2d/Tn1a) of eastern Ardenne (Belgium) for instance, 9 of these bio-markers are present in succession.
	sds.uta.edu /sds18/page0055.htm (922 words)

	Organic Buildups in Devonian Salt, Pripyat Downwarp
		The upper Famennian salt complex of Pripyat downwarp consists of halite and clay-halite sub-complexes.
		Organic buildups and anhydrite banks occur widely in the halite sub-complex in the north structural zone of the downwarp, where oil pools are associated with them in the Poles, Davydov, Zapadno-Tishkov, and Zapadno-Dubrov fields.
		These Late Devonian Famennian organic buildups have good porosity and permeability and are exploration targets.
	geocities.com /internetgeology/L203a.html (601 words)

	Ricerca Italiana - PRIN - A multiproxy approach to the study of environmental changes: numerical simulation of ...
		Two anoxic or dysoxic events, often associated with deposition of fl shales, occurred in pelagic environments in the upper part of the Frasnian, the Lower and the Upper Kellwasser (LKW, UKW) events, respectively near the base of the Upper rhenana Zone and at the top of the linguiformis Zone of the conodont zonation.
		The base of the Famennian, established with its GSSP at Coumiac in the Montagne Noire of S France, corresponds to the lower boundary of the Lower triangularis conodont Zone (Klapper et al., 1994; House et al., 2000).
		Diversification during the Famennian conspicuously affected the genus Palmatolepis (important in the standard biozonation of the Famennian), beginning from the single species Pa. triangularis at the base of the Famennian (Ziegler 1962, Helms & Ziegler 1981).
	www.ricercaitaliana.it /prin/dettaglio_completo_prin_en-2004049315.htm (2051 words)

	TERRESTRIAL-MARINE LINKS IN THE FRASNIAN-FAMENNIAN EXTINCTION EVENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Spore diversity dropped in the Late Frasnian and remained low into the Early Famennian.
		A variety of causes have been proposed to explain the Frasnian/Famennian event including climate change (both global warming and cooling) and increased influx of terrigenous sediments to continental shelves caused by the appearance and spread of deeply rooted forest ecosystems.
		The appearance and spread of deeply rooted forests in the late Givetian through Famennian may have triggered widespread anoxia on marine shelves due to the influx of terrigenous sediments.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_62740.htm (403 words)

	Stephens and Sumner 2000 GSA Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Due to the Late Devonian mass extinction, Famennian reef platforms in the Canning basin, Australia, were constructed solely of microbial communities.
		Previous studies of Famennian reefs have classified the microorganisms but have not determined the paleoecology, which is critical for understanding platform construction.
		Primary porosity of some of the blocks was filled with quartz sand prior to tumbling down the reef slope.
	www-geology.ucdavis.edu /~sumner/Research/Abstracts/GSA00SS.html (301 words)

	Platform Evolution, Facies Patterns, and Cyclicity Across the Late Devonian Frasnian/Famennian Boundary — Barnett ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		This morphology was controlled by antecedent topography created by a late Frasnian—early Famennian ridge-like stromatolite-sponge bioherm complex, along which Famennian shallow-water carbonates were able to nucleate and prograde.
		The Famennian platform interior is characterized as accommodation limited, consisting of a complex mosaic of high-energy grainstone shoals, tepee-pisolite complexes, and fenestral laminites.
		Average high-frequency cycle thickness decreases from 3.50 m in the Frasnian to 1.25 m in the Famennian with supratidal-capped cycles (e.g.
	aapg.confex.com /aapg/2006int/techprogram/A106740.htm (332 words)

	volume_3_3-4.htm
		III sensu Hollard, 1981) for C. kelbaensis, upper part of Lower Famennian to Upper Famennian (ds II to ds V sensu Hollard, 1981) for D. emoulensis.
		Following revision of Ripidiorhynchus a new zone is introduced at the base of the Famennian based on Piridiorhynchus confinium in the southeastern and eastern parts of Dinant Basin.
		It is concluded that the shaly interval separating the limestone beds dated Frasnian and Famennian by conodonts corresponds to a transgressive - regressive marine sequence.
	www.ulg.ac.be /geolsed/GB/volume_3_3-4.htm (3333 words)

	Famennian microbial reef facies, Napier and Oscar Ranges, Canning Basin, western Australia
		In the Napier and Oscar Ranges, the Famennian reef complexes had high-energy, reef-flat depositional environments on a reef-rimmed platform that transitioned into low-energy, deep-water reefs growing in excess of 50 m below sea level.
		High-energy, reef-flat depositional environments contain doming fenestral stromatolites that grade into porous thrombolites and are associated with coarse-grained sandstones and grainstones.
		The adaptability of microbial communities to various reef environments allowed them to fill ecological niches opportunistically after the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction.
	repositories.cdlib.org /postprints/429 (333 words)

	volume_9_1-2.htm
		The name of the Famennian stage originated in the 19th century from the Famenne region in southern Belgium.
		An overview is given of the main lithological-sedimentological characteristics, depositional environments (for both the siliciclastics and the carbonates) and prevailing paleogeographical-paloeclimatological conditions, during the Famennian stage in Belgium and adjacent areas.
		The uppermost Famennian Substage or Strunian has been used widely and internationally in a chronostratigraphic sense since the nineteen-century based on macrofossils described from the Etroeungt area and fauna.
	www.ulg.ac.be /geolsed/GB/volume_9_1-2.htm (5034 words)

	CARBONIFEROUS CONODONTS INDICATE REVISED AGE OF “FAMENNIAN” CRINOID HORIZON IN SOUTHEASTERN IRAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		It is well exposed, fossiliferous, and has been the subject of previous studies, including part of the 1998 IGCP 421 field conference.
		The crinoid-bearing beds initially were considered to be Famennian because the crinoid fauna compares more closely with Famennian than with coeval or nearly coeval Tournaisian crinoid faunas from Germany, England, and North America, and because of the previously assigned stratigraphic age.
		This new information also indicates that the Famennian, if present, is much thinner in the Hutk region than previously recognized.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_28211.htm (425 words)

	J07 End Devonian marine extinctions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		In Famennian strata only about 15 percent of Frasnian brachiopod genera are found.
		After the Famennian, tabulate corals are found no more and stromatoporoids, and rugose corals are rare.
		These had achieved their greatest faunal diversity during Middle Devonian and had been important reef contributors for 120 million years.
	geowords.com /histbooknetscape/j07.htm (377 words)

	c_v_BB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Title: “Stratigraphy and sedimentation of the Famennian in the eastern part of Ga³êzice Syncline (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)”.
		A Ph.D. Dissertation was finished with the title: “The Famennian coral fauna from southern Poland” The small part concerning with the extinction and recovery of the Famennian colonial corals was presented and published on the VIIIth International Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria and Porifera Sendai 1999.
		Comparisons of the Polish Late Famennian corals with the West European Late Famennian coral fauna.
	www.staff.amu.edu.pl /~bbrk/c_v_BB.html (448 words)

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