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Topic: Famous ciphertexts

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List of famous ciphertexts

Classical cipher

Encryption

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Beale ciphers

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	Beale ciphers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Beale ciphers are a set of three ciphertexts, one of which allegedly states the location of a buried treasure of gold and silver estimated to be worth over 30 million US dollars in today's money.
		The other two ciphertexts allegedly describe the content of the treasure, and list the names of the treasure's owners' next of kin, respectively.
		It is claimed that Beale placed the ciphertexts in an iron box, and left it with a reliable person, a Lynchburg innkeeper, Robert Morriss, near Montvale in Bedford County, Virginia (where the treasure is said to have been buried).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Beale_treasure (1422 words)

	Encryption - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The original information is known as plaintext, and the encrypted form as ciphertext.
		The ciphertext message contains all the information of the plaintext message, but is not in a format readable by a human or computer without the proper mechanism to decrypt it; it should resemble random gibberish to those not intended to read it.
		Without the same key, it should be difficult, if not impossible, to decrypt the resulting ciphertext into readable plaintext.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Cipher (1004 words)

	List of famous ciphertexts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Message breaking off negotiations, sent by Japan just prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor
		Elonka's List of Famous Unsolved Codes and Ciphers
		This page was last modified 21:36, 24 May 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_famous_ciphertexts (78 words)

	COMS 4180 Project
		The method for decoding monoalphabetic English ciphertexts will be through mapping pure frequency distributions between cipher and plain texts.
		Ciphertexts of at least 60 characters tended to provide enough statistical information to match the KB of Standard English.
		This is to be expected, because it closely matches the critcal mass of a given ciphertext.
	www1.cs.columbia.edu /~locasto/CompSci/COMS4180 (593 words)

	Pari-GP Page
		Suppose that both your plaintexts and ciphertexts are 98-letter blocks written in the usual 26-letter alphabet (consisting of A-Z), where the numerical equivalent of such a block is a 98-digit base-26 integer (written in order of decreasing powers of 26).
		Suppose that both plaintexts and ciphertexts consist of trigraph message units, but while plaintexts are written in the 27-letter alphabet (consisting of A-Z and blank=26), ciphertexts are written in the 28-letter alphabet obtained by adding the symbol "/" (with numerical equivalent 27) to the 27-letter alphabet.
		For the benefit of non-native French speakers, here's a slightly expanded explanation: Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) was a famous French mathematician and philosopher who was one of the founders of probability and devised one of the first "arithmetic machines".
	www-scf.usc.edu /~burhanud/pari.html (764 words)

	Elonka's List of Famous Unsolved Codes and Ciphers
		Many fly-by-night snake-oil crypto companies also put out challenges that are arguably famous because the media sometimes pick up the challenge uncritically, but they are usually not worth mentioning on this list.
		There are also various other WWII encryption systems that were never solved, but they have not been included on this list because the focus is more on specific famous messages or entire well-known systems that have not yet been cracked.
		Washington DC sculptor Jim Sanborn, famous for the CIA's Kryptos sculpture, also created some related sculptures which included both the text from Kryptos, and some encrypted Russian text about KGB operations.
	www.elonka.com /UnsolvedCodes.html (2084 words)

	Citations: Reaction Attacks Against Several Public-Key Cryptosystems - Hall, Goldberg, Schneier (ResearchIndex)
		It has been successfully applied to break the famous PKCS #1 v1.5 encryption scheme [4] Finally, a decryption oracle returns the decryption of any ciphertext, with the only restriction that it should be di erent from the challenge ciphertext.
		The attack proceeds roughly as follows: an attacker intercepts (and prevents the delivery of) two ciphertexts sent by one party involved in an SSH connection.
		....the attack to be nontrivial the adversary is not allowed to submit the original ciphertext C to the decryption oracle.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/447631/598552 (1776 words)

	[No title]
		CCA (chosen ciphertext) - If the adversary can get decryptions from the oracle for a limited time, and then try to break the system by decrypting a new ciphertext, the attack is CCA.
		CCA2 (adaptive chosen ciphertext) - If the oracle will decrypt for an unlimited time, then the attack is a CCA2 attack.
		The goal is to find the decryption of ciphertext c.
	www.ecs.csus.edu /csc/iac/csc296o/lecture_notes/notes03.txt (896 words)

	Cryptography/Frequency analysis - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		Frequency analysis is extremely effective against the simpler substitution cyphers and will break astonishingly short ciphertexts with ease.
		This fact was the basis of Edgar Allan Poe's claim, in his famous newspaper cryptanalysis demonstrations in the middle 1800's, that no cypher devised by man could defeat him.
		Poe was overconfident in his proclamation, however, for polyalphabetic substitution cyphers (invented by Alberti around 1467) defy simple frequency analysis attacks.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Cryptography:Frequency_analysis (773 words)

	Decipherment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some people have also used the word metaphorically to mean something like 'understanding'.
		Famous documents that have been the subject of actual or attempted decipherment:
		How come we can't decipher the Indus script?
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Decipher (140 words)

	Theory and Models
		Actually, it is currently unknown as to whether one-way functions truly exist; indeed, a proof of the existence of such functions would settle the famous P=NP problem of computer science.
		For example, if the cryptosystem were used to encrypt personnel data and the salary fields were encrypted separately, then by simply looking at the ciphertexts one could identify people with the same salary.
		We close our general discussion of cryptographic models with a few remarks concerning a further generalization of property P3 which required that it be hard to decide whether a given plaintext m can be encrypted to a given ciphertext c.
	www.math.clemson.edu /faculty/Gao/crypto_mod/node2.html (1665 words)

	Code and Cipher volume 1, issue 1
		The attack extends a famous attack of Bleichenbacher from the Advances in Cryptology 1998 conference.
		The viability of the attack is limited by the need to bombard an SSL/TLS server with copious amounts of invalid RSA ciphertexts.
		Nevertheless, such limitations are inappropriate countermeasures for such an attack because of their lack of cryptographic robustness.
	www.certicom.com /index.php?action=res,cc_1_1&article=3-newattack (763 words)

	ciphertexts dome
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	ciphertextsmatthews.blogspot.com (442 words)

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