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Topic: Famous volcanic eruption deaths

	Volcano K-12 Experiments for Lesson Plans & Science Fair Projects
		In February 2001, the largest recorded volcanic eruptions in the solar system occurred on Io Europa, the smallest of Jupiter's Galilean moons, also appears to have an active volcanic system, except that its volcanic activity is entirely in the form of water, which freezes into ice on the frigid surface.
		Volcanic activity is often accompanied by earthquakes, hot springs, fumaroles, mud pots and geysers.
		Volcanic action was often attributed to chemical reactions and a thin layer of molten rock near the surface.
	www.bible-study-online.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/earthsciences/volcano.html (5881 words)

	Volcano - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Volcanic cones are usually smaller features composed of loose ash and cinder, with occasional masses of stone which have been tossed violently into the air by the eruptive forces (and are thus called ejecta).
		Volcanic eruptions may inject an aerosol of particles and chemicals in the Earth's atmosphere.
		Volcanic action was often attributed to chemical reactions and a thin layer of molten rock near the surface.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Volcano (3591 words)

	Volcano
		Volcanic cones or cinder cone s result from eruptions that throw out mostly small pieces of scoria and pyroclastics (both resemble cinders, hence the name of this volcano type) that build up around the vent.
		The eruption of Mt. Nyiragongo on the 17th January 2002 was predicted a week earlier by a local expert who had been watching the volcanoes for years.
		Volcanic activity is often accompanied by earthquake s, hot spring s, fumarole s, mud pot s and geyser s.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/volcano (5784 words)

	Volcano K-12 Experiments & Background
		Volcanic cones or cinder cones result from eruptions that throw out mostly small pieces of scoria and pyroclastics (both resemble cinders, hence the name of this volcano type) that build up around the vent.
		In February 2001, the largest recorded volcanic eruptions in the solar system occurred on Io Europa, the smallest of Jupiter's Galilean moons, also appears to have an active volcanic system, except that its volcanic activity is entirely in the form of water, which freezes into ice on the frigid surface.
		Sulfur dioxide is one of the main components of volcanic gases, and increasing amounts of it herald the arrival of increasing amounts of magma near the surface.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/earthsciences/volcano.html (5882 words)

	Volcanic Hazards
		There are a number of volcanic phenomena that take lives and cause damage and most of the knowledge that we have of these phenomena comes from earth scientists who have looked at these events as a natural process with little concern of the social implications.
		During the 1943 eruption of Paricutin, Mexico, a bomb measuring 50 inches in diameter was blasted 850 feet into the air, and in Karkar, 1979 a bomb crater 7m in diameter was found 1.5km away from the source.
		While future studies of volcanic hazards are moving towards this marriage of the two approaches, I still maintain that the behavioral approach and its emphasis on field monitoring and scientific explanation leading to the development of prescribed adjustments is currently the most effective.
	www.geo.mtu.edu /~hnlechne/volcanichazards.html (5014 words)

	Volcano - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		However, it is known that an eruption usually follows movement of magma upwards into the solid layer (the earth's crust) beneath a volcano and occupying a magma chamber.
		Volcanic cones are usually smaller features composed of loose ash and cinder, with occasional masses of stone which have been tossed violently into the air by the eruptive forces (and are thus called ejecta).
		Volcanic eruptions may inject an aerosol of particles and chemicals in the Earth's atmosphere.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/v/o/l/Volcano.html (3634 words)

	Volcano Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Vents that issue volcanic material (lava, which is what magma is called once it has broken the surface, and ash) and gases (mainly steam and magmatic gases) can be located anywhere on the landform.
		Volcanic ash that is light enough to be erupted high into the Earth's atmosphere may travel many kilometres before it falls back to ground as a tuff.
		There are many different kinds of volcanic activity and eruptions: phreatic eruptions (steam-generated eruptions), explosive eruption of high-silica lava (e.g., rhyolite), effusive eruption of low-silica lava (e.g., basalt), pyroclastic flows, lahars (debris flow) and carbon dioxide emission.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Volcano (4043 words)

	Epic Disasters - World's Deadliest Volcanic Eruptions
		The effects of the eruption were felt worldwide: 1816 became known as the "year without a summer" because of the volcanic ash in the atmosphere that lowered worldwide temperatures.
		The eruption of Mt. Unzen was followed by an earthquake, which collapsed the east flank of the dome.
		The eruption, which is said to have lasted 19 hours, buried Pompeii in ten feet of volcanic ash.
	www.epicdisasters.com /worstvolcanoes.php (559 words)

	Volcano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vents that issue volcanic material (lava, which is what magma is called once it has broken the surface, and ash) and gases (mainly steam and magmatic gases) can be located anywhere on the landform.
		Volcanic ash that is light enough to be erupted high into the Earth's atmosphere may travel many kilometres before it falls back to ground as a tuff.
		There are many different kinds of volcanic activity and eruptions: phreatic eruptions (steam-generated eruptions), explosive eruption of high-silica lava (e.g., rhyolite), effusive eruption of low-silica lava (e.g., basalt), pyroclastic flows, lahars (debris flow) and carbon dioxide emission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Volcanic_eruption (3626 words)

	Volcano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		For other meanings of the word eruption, see eruption (disambiguation)'' ---- A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the earth's interior made molten or liquid by high pressure and temperature) erupts through the surface of the planet.
		Eruption of [[Mauna Loa, March 1984]] One way of classifying volcanoes is by the type of material erupted, which affects the shape of the volcano.
		Volcanism has been proposed as a mechanism for the replenishment of the dense atmosphere of the Saturnian moon Titan.
	volcano.iqnaut.net (3495 words)

	Volcanoes & Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Volcanic eruption styles are assigned based on the eruption styles of well known volcanoes.
		The key characteristic of Peleean eruptions is the eruption of glowing avalanches of hot ash.
		Examples of Peleean eruptions include the 1968 eruption of Mayon (Philippines), the 1956 eruption of Bezymianny (Russia), the 1951 eruption of Lamington (Papua New Guinea), and the 1948-1951 eruption of Hibokhibok (Philippines).
	jove.geol.niu.edu /students/mdare/VirtualFieldTrip/Mt_Fuji/volcanoinfo.htm (1675 words)

	WHYY Franklin Facts
		For example, debris thrown high into the air by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991 reflected a small amount of sunlight back to space in the year or two afterward, resulting in a "global cooling" of a degree or so.
		This weekend is the anniversary of the most famous volcanic eruption in the U.S. in the last few decades.
		Still, the eruption and the avalanche of rock and other debris that accompanied it caused 57 deaths, and the mountain was forever altered: its height was reduced by more than 1300 feet.
	www.whyy.org /tv12/franklinfacts/may1602ff.html (175 words)

	IAVCEI Article # 1
		In SWVRC's quest to, as accurately as possible, forecast volcanic eruption events, it has been found that if the probabilities are low, even though the consequences of an eruption may have great consequences, the risk is perceived to be low, and vice-versa.
		Pelee is famous for the May 8, 1902 eruption which killed nearly 29,000 people and destroyed the city of St. Pierre on the island of Martinique in the French West Indies.
		This is the largest number of causalities for a volcanic eruption this century and the third most deadly eruption of all time; Tambora in 1815 (92,000 killed) and Krakatau, in 1883 (36,000 killed) are the first and second respectively, and are the most deadliest volcanic disasters of all time.
	www.intlvrc.org /article2.htm (1051 words)

	The Deadliest Volcanic Eruptions
		Most volcanoes exist at the boundaries of Earth's crustal plates, such as the famous Ring of Fire that surrounds the Pacific Ocean plate.
		Indonesia holds the record for the greatest number of eruptions, followed by Japan and the USA.
		Probably the most famous eruption in the history of the Earth was the one that resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /webprojects2003/silvester/Page6Famous.htm (106 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Volcanic Activity Reports \| Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network
		They were famous not only for their superb photography and books, but for the enthusiasm and humor that made friends for them throughout the world.
		We are saddened to report the deaths of six volcanologists in the 14 January 1993 eruption of Galeras.
		Werner was a leading geochemist in the study of volcanic and geothermal systems, and developed many of the techniques used to sample volcanic gases and geothermal fluids in the field and to analyze them in the laboratory.
	www.volcano.si.edu /reports/bulletin/contents.cfm?issue=special (3821 words)

	Take a look at Formation Volcanic! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mount a of living years volcanic responsible thus famine Toba of a six all and disastrous have creatures, relentless could for winter, massive near a for causing extinction been deforestation, Humankind.
		For of capping eruptions famous volcanic volcanoes the Hawaiian stage of example, are basalts the alkalic..
		Craters that usually and gases that km depressions, less as are diameter, circular of result a explosions plate volcanic 1 in emit than form tephra..
	phpbelt.t35.com /kemben/zinnruggallery.html (906 words)

	Geology205 -Lecture 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Eruption of 1470BC occurred in 5 phases: 1.
		Eruptions at Santorin in 726AD produced a rhyolite dome in the caldera, which formed a small island.
		Eruption in 79 AD buried the towns of Pompeii and Herculanium which are now famous archeological sites for Roman civilization.
	www.geol.binghamton.edu /faculty/naslund/205.lec8a.html (409 words)

	Mount Usu Volcanic Eruption in 2000 and Transportation of Severely Injured Patients by Helicopter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The volcanic fumes rose as high as 3,200 meters, dumping volcanic ash and rocks over a wide area on the downwind side of the explosion.
		On 01 May, observations of the Hokkaido volcano indicated that the eruptions are smaller and occurring less frequently, leading some to predict no major explosions will occur in the near future.
		Based on the experience in the Mount Unzen-Fugen peak eruption in 1991, from which 43 persons died, we now are planning the transportation by helicopter and airplane when many severely burned victims or patients with severe multiple trauma occur.
	pdm.medicine.wisc.edu /Asai1.htm (303 words)

	CNN.com - Why the sky was red in Munch's 'The Scream' - Dec. 10, 2003
		The Krakatoa eruption created vivid red twilights in Europe at the time Munch is thought to have painted this masterpiece.
		In the first detailed analysis of what inspired the painting, an article published Tuesday in Sky and Telescope pinpointed the location in Norway where Munch and his friends were walking when the artist saw the blood-red sky depicted in the 1893 painting, and offered an explanation for why the sky seemed to be aflame.
		The most famous version of "The Scream" was painted in 1893 as part of "The Frieze of Life," a group of works derived by Munch's personal experiences, including the deaths of his mother in 1868 and his sister in 1877.
	edition.cnn.com /2003/TECH/space/12/10/scream.munch.reut/index.html (450 words)

	VOLCANOES
		fragments of volcanic rock and lava that are blasted into
		Lahars were prominent during the 1980 eruption of Mt.
		Saint Helens, the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, and
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/faculty/ozsvath/lectures/Volcanoes3.htm (577 words)

	List of volcanic eruption deaths - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		List of famous people who died due to volcanic eruption
		Category: Lists of people by cause of death
		This page was last modified 12:55, 14 March 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_famous_volcanic_eruption_deaths (68 words)

	Eruption11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		What are some of the more famous volcanic eruptions?
		A.D. 79 - eruption of Vesuvius buried the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculeneum
		1783 - eruption of Laki, Iceland, cuaused a severe faminine, which resulted in the deaths of 20 percent of the population of Iceland
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/frequent_questions/top_101/Eruption/Eruption11.html (98 words)

	Volcano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Smoking Bromo and Semeru (background) volcanoes on Java in Indonesia.
		Because of the rapid cooling effect of water as compared to air, and increased bouyancy, submarine volcanoes often form rather steep pillars over their volcanic vents as compared to above-surface volcanos.
		You can change the article only on this page.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Volcano (3598 words)

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