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Topic: Faraday effect

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Faraday rotation

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	Faraday Crystals TGG and Glasses MOS-4 and MOS-10
		Although the Faraday effect is not itself chromatic, the verdet constant itself is quite strongly a function of wavelength.
		Faraday Isolators are passive unidirectional, non reciprocal devices that utilize the phenomenon of Magneto-Optic Rotation to isolate the source from reflections in an optical system.
		Faraday Rotators are also used for example in ring laser systems to introduce a loss mechanism (in conjunction with some other intra-cavity polarization selective element) which is greater for one direction of propagation than for the other.
	www.mt-berlin.com /frames_cryst/descriptions/faraday.htm (634 words)

	Faraday effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The rotation of the plane of polarization is proportional to the intensity of the component of the magnetic field in the direction of the beam of light.
		The Faraday effect is a result of ferromagnetic resonance when the permeability of a material is represented by a tensor.
		Faraday rotation is an important tool in astronomy for the measurement of magnetic fields, which can be estimated from rotation measures given a knowledge of the electron number density.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Faraday_effect (855 words)

	Michael Faraday - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the age of twenty Faraday attended lectures by the eminent scientist Sir Humphry Davy, president of the Royal Society, and John Tatum, founder of the City Philosophical Society.
		In a class-based society, Faraday was not considered a gentleman; it has been said that Davy's wife, Jane Apreece, refused to treat him as an equal and, when on a continental tour, made Faraday sit with the servants.
		Faraday was also devoutly religious and a member of the small Sandemanian denomination, an offshoot of the Church of Scotland.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Michael_Faraday (1102 words)

	Faraday effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This effect occurs in most optically transparent dielectric materials (including liquids) when they are subject to strong magnetic field s.
		Faraday rotation caused by the earth's magnetic field is one phenomenon that affects the polarization of radio waves propagating through the atmosphere.
		This allows the construction of Faraday rotator s, which are the principle component of Faraday isolator s, devices which transmit light in only one direction.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Faraday_effect.html (742 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Faraday, Michael
		Faraday's research into electricity and electrolysis was guided by the belief that electricity is only one of the many manifestations of the unified forces of nature, which included heat, light, magnetism, and chemical affinity.
		Faraday's introduction of the concept of lines of force was rejected by most of the mathematical physicists of Europe, since they assumed that electric charges attract and repel one another, by action at a distance, making such lines unnecessary.
		Faraday was part of this effort and on 3 and 4 September 1821 in his basement laboratory at the Royal Institution, he undertook a set of experiments which culminated in his discovery of electro-magnetic rotation - the principle behind the electric motor.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/FARADAY_BIO.html (3567 words)

	Michael Faraday
		Faraday's experimental visualization, of lines of flux emanating from charged bodies, was mathematically modelled by Faraday's law (later incorporated into Maxwell's equations) which has evolved into the generalization known as field theory.
		In the work on static electricity, Faraday demonstrated that the charge only resided on the exterior of a charged conductor, and exterior charge had no influence on anything enclosed within a conductor; this shielding effect is used in what is now known as a Faraday cage.
		Faraday was also a devoutly religious man and a member of the Sandemanian church.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/michael_faraday (1068 words)

	Encyclopedia: Faraday effect
		Michael Faraday Michael Faraday (September 22, 1791 â€“ August 25, 1867) was a British scientist (a physicist and chemist) who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
		A Faraday rotator is an optical device that rotates the polarization of light due to the Faraday effect.
		Hence, in contrast to the Faraday effect in solids or liquids, interstellar Faraday rotation has a simple dependence on the wavelength of light (Î»), namely: Earth, also known as the Earth, Terra, and (mostly in the 19th century) Tellus, is the third-closest planet to the Sun.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Faraday-effect (1662 words)

	Michael Faraday (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Faraday, having discussed theproblem with the two men, went on to build two devices to produce what he called electromagnetic rotation: that is a continuouscircular motion from the circular magnetic force around a wire.
		Faraday's experimentalvisualization, of lines of flux emanating from charged bodies, was mathematically modelled by Maxwell's equations, which has evolved into the generalizationknown as field theory.
		In the work on static electricity, Faraday demonstrated that the charge only resided on the exterior of a charged conductor,and exterior charge had no influence on anything enclosed within a conductor; this shielding effect is used in what is now knownas a Faraday cage.
	www.therfcc.org /michael-faraday-16099.html (804 words)

	Faraday (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Faraday was one of four children, all of whom were hard put to get enough to eat, since their father was often ill and incapable of working steadily.
		Faraday saw the "lines of force" thus revealed as lines of tension in the medium, namely air, surrounding the magnet, and he soon discovered the law determining the production of electric currents by magnets: the magnitude of the current was dependent upon the number of lines of force cut by the conductor in unit time.
		Faraday took the suggestion, passed a beam of plane-polarized light through the optical glass of high refractive index that he had developed in the 1820s, and then turned on an electromagnet so that its lines of force ran parallel to the light ray.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /%7Eeugeniik/history/faraday.htm (5021 words)

	Encyclopedia: Michael Faraday
		Faradays law of induction gives the relation between the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the area enclosed by a closed loop and the electric field induced along the loop: where E is the induced electric field, ds is an infinitesimal element of the closed loop and...
		Faraday also dabbled in chemistry, discovering chemical substances such as benzene, inventing the system of oxidation numbers, and liquefying gases.
		In electromagnetism, the Faraday cage is an application of Gauss law, one of Maxwells equations.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Michael-Faraday (2474 words)

	Michael Faraday - The Jiggies Reference Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Michael Faraday (September 22, 1791 - August 25, 1867) was a British scientist who contributed to the field of electromagnetism and invented the Bunsen burner.
		In 1821, soon after the Danish chemist, Ørsted, discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetism, Faraday built two devices to produce what he called electromagnetic rotation: that is a continuous circular motion from the circular magnetic force around a wire.
		Faraday's experimental visualization, of lines of flux emanating from charged bodies, was mathematically modelled by James Clerk Maxwell, which has evolved into the generalization known as field theory.
	www.jiggies.com /reference/Michael_Faraday (515 words)

	The Faraday Effect - MM Research, Inc.
		The wavelength-averaged Faraday rotation may be lower at larger angles of incidence, but this is just a consequence of interference; it is not caused by the reduction of the intrinsic optical activity of the slab.
		Because the Faraday effect is amplified as a result of the beam propagating back and forth within a magnetized medium, it is interesting to observe the enhancement of the Faraday effect in a Fabry-Perot resonator.
		The collimating lens is identical to the focusing objective, and the emergent beam is observed at the exit pupil of the collimator.
	www.mmresearch.com /articles/article3 (2860 words)

	Faraday effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The rotation of the plane polarization is proportional to the intensity of component of the magnetic field in the of the beam of light.
		The Faraday effect also called the Magneto-Optic discovered by Michael Faraday in 1845 was the first experimental that light and magnetism are related.
		Faraday rotation caused by the earth's magnetic is one phenomenon that affects the polarization radio waves propagating through the atmosphere.
	www.freeglossary.com /Faraday_effect (553 words)

	Faraday isolator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They typically used to prevent unwanted feedback into optical oscillator (A laser cavity is a good example.) The of the device depends on the Faraday effect which is used in the main the Faraday rotator.
		Faraday isolators are different from 1/4 wave plate based isolators because it can provide rotation while maintaining linear polarization which allows isolation to be achieved.
		Michael Faraday is generally unappreciated as a scientist, he was clearly one of the greatest of all experimental scientists.
	www.freeglossary.com /Faraday_Isolator (574 words)

	The Royal Institution of Great Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During this period, Faraday pursued the consequence of his discovery of electro-magnetic induction, demonstrated the identity of electricities and revised entirely the theories of electro-chemistry (in the process coining now familiar words such as electrode, cathode and ion) and the nature of electricity.
		Faraday's correspondence with Trinity House illustrate the crucial role which Faraday played in the development of the lighthouse service in the middle third of the nineteenth century.
		The Royal Institution‘s Faraday Museum, which was opened by Her Majesty the Queen in 1973, is open to the public during normal weekday office hours.
	www.rigb.org /heritage/faradaypage.html (2507 words)

	Faraday cage effect and cell phones when driving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Faraday lived from 1791 to 1867 and is often considered to be the greatest experimentalist in the field of electricity and magnetism.
		Faraday did not like the approach of these Germans but he was not adept enough at mathematics to challenge their position.
		The Faraday cage is a practical application of the effect demonstrated in school as the Faraday ice-pail experiment.
	www.rfsafe.com /research/rf_radiation/shielding_rf_hazards/faraday_cage.htm (1165 words)

	Michael Faraday (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From Michael Faraday to Einstein, these visionaries were not afraid to poke at the boundaries of the visible world, and Big Idea demonstrates how, piece by...
		Faraday's experimental visualization, of lines of flux emanating from charged bodies, was mathematically modelled by Maxwell's equations, which has evolved into the generalization known as field theory.
		Faraday's sponsor and mentor was John 'Mad Jack' Fuller, who created the Fullerian Professorship of Chemistry at the Royal Institution.
	www.wikiverse.org /michael-faraday (704 words)

	Faraday effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In physics, the Faraday effect or Faradayrotation is an interaction between light and a magnetic field.
		The Faraday effect is a result of ferromagnetic resonance when the permeability ofa material is represented by a tensor.
		Faraday rotation caused by the earth's magnetic field is one phenomenon that affects the polarization of radio wavespropagating through the atmosphere.
	www.therfcc.org /faraday-effect-109903.html (472 words)

	Faraday Rotation by Teachspin
		The effect is small, but he was an exceptional experimenter and he unambiguously identified the phenomenon.
		Faraday rotation seemed ideal because, in the presence of a magnetic field reasonably obtained with a laboratory power supply and a solenoid, there is only a small rotation of the plane of polarization.
		The combined effect of the special glass and the large magnetic field rotates the polarization plane of the light 45° on each passage.
	www.teachspin.com /instruments/faraday/index.shtml (358 words)

	Michael Faraday pioneer scientist
		Faraday has the international unit for capacitance named after him, the Farad, marking his distinguished work with dielectrics; and also a physical constant, the Faraday Constant.
		The `Faraday dark space', observed with electrical discharges in gases (for example, as in fluorescent tubes), pays tribute to him, and the `Faraday effect' in magneto-optics was one of his triumphs later in his career.
		Faraday had a profound sense of the fallibility of man. This undoubtedly derived from reading the Bible with understanding, but two specific influences might also be identified.
	www.biblicalcreation.org.uk /educational_issues/bcs010.html (1194 words)

	Superfluid is shown to have property of a solid
		The acoustic effect provides conclusive proof of the existence of transverse sound waves -- which are characteristic of solids but not of liquids -- in superfluid helium-3.
		Faraday showed that polarized light is rotated by a magnetic field, twisting the wave crests into a spiral along the axis of propagation.
		The acoustic Faraday effect was proposed by Sauls and former Northwestern graduate student Geneva Moores as a way of detecting transverse sound waves.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-07/NU-Sist-290799.php (948 words)

	Fiber Optic Wheel Sensor
		Sensor: The essence of the Faraday effect is that the polarization direction of light in a crystal rotates in the presence of a magnetic field along the propagation direction.
		Furthermore, the Faraday effect in iron garnets saturates at large fields, so that the crystal can be made to produce not more than 90 degrees of total rotation at saturation to ensure that the transmitted signal is a monotonic function of the field.
		Since the Faraday rotation depends on the component of the optical path along the magnetic field direction, all the light is rotated by the same angle, whether or not it has been diffracted, so long as the field is uniform over the crystal dimensions.
	www.lanl.gov /p-22/wheel.html (877 words)

	The Faraday Effect by Richard Mann \| Essays on matthewmayer.co.uk
		The phenomenon is a special case result of the Zeeman effect, which alters the properties of dielectric in an applied magnetic field by shifting the energy levels of the constituent atoms.
		The observational aspect of the Faraday effect can be summarised as the rotation of the plane of polarisation of a beam of plane polarised radiation travelling through the dielectric parallel to the direction of the applied field.
		The object of this experiment was to determine experimental values of the magnitude of the effect, as parameterised by the Verdet constant (see section 3.5), and to compare them to the theoretical predictions of a simple model based on a harmonic oscillator treatment of the electrons in the dielectric.
	www.fantasyfacup.com /matthew/essays/faraday.html (1922 words)

	Faraday isolator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An isolator is made of three parts, an input polarizer (for this discussion we will assume it's polarized up and down), a Faraday rotator, and an output polarizer (we will assume this one is 45° to the right.) Light traveling in the forward direction becomes polarized (vertically in our case) by the input polarizer.
		The Faraday Rotator will rotate the polarization 45° more to the right so that it is horizontally polarized (the rotation is insensitive to direction of propagation) and the input polarizer, which is vertically aligned, will block this light.
		Faraday isolators are different from 1/4 wave plate based isolators because it can provide non-reciprocal rotation while maintaining linear polarization which allows higher isolation to be achieved.
	faraday-isolator.area51.ipupdater.com (319 words)

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