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	Element for optical isolator and optical isolator employing the same, together with semiconductor laser module ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In general, the Faraday rotator is formed with a thickness necessary to rotate the plane of polarization of light with a predetermined wavelength through 45° in a saturated magnetic field, and the two polarizers are adjusted so that the respective directions of transmitted polarization are 45° offset from each other in the direction of rotation.
		The outer peripheral surface 1a of the optical isolator element 1 is defined by a circumferential plane which is a predetermined angle θ inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the incidence and emergence planes m and n of the element 1.
		In consequence, the incidence and emergence planes of the optical isolator element 125 are not perpendicular to the optical axis.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5402260.html (6461 words)

	High average power Faraday isolator - Patent 5115340
		Faraday isolators have long been used for the purpose of allowing a light beam to be transmitted in one direction with low loss while highly attenuating a beam traveling through it in the opposite direction.
		The angle of rotation of the polarization plane of the transmitted optical energy is proportional to the axial length L of the Faraday medium 22 and the strength of the magnetic field imposed upon the Faraday medium 22 by the magnet 24.
		Further, the Faraday isolator 100 is capable of handling significant amounts of optical energy, since the pole piece 108, which is adjacent and in thermal contact attached to the second side 114 of the Faraday medium 104, also serves as a heat sink for the Faraday medium.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5115340.html (4229 words)

	Faraday effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The rotation of the plane of polarization is proportional to the intensity of the component of the magnetic field in the direction of the beam of light.
		The Faraday effect is a result of ferromagnetic resonance when the permeability of a material is represented by a tensor.
		Faraday rotation is an important tool in astronomy for the measurement of magnetic fields, which can be estimated from rotation measures given a knowledge of the electron number density.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Faraday_effect (828 words)

	Faraday effect -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Similar isolators are constructed for microwave systems by using (A solid solution in which alpha iron is the solvent) ferrite rods in a waveguide with a surrounding magnetic field.
		The Faraday effect is imposed on light over the course of its propagation from its origin to the (The 3rd planet from the sun; the planet on which we live) Earth, through the (Interstellar space including streams of protons moving from the stars) interstellar medium.
		Faraday rotation is an important tool in (The branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole) astronomy for the measurement of magnetic fields, which can be estimated from rotation measures given a knowledge of the electron number density.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/F/Fa/Faraday_effect.htm (1138 words)

	Optical isolator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In electronics, an optical isolator is a device that uses a short optical transmission path to transfer a signal between elements of a circuit while keeping them electrically isolated -- since the signal goes from an electrical signal to an optical signal back to an electrical signal, electrical contact along the path is broken.
		The transmitting and receiving elements of an optical isolator may be contained within a single compact module, for mounting, e.g., on a circuit board; in this case, the module is often called an optoisolator or opto-isolator.
		In optics, the term optical isolator is also used for a purely optical device also known as a Faraday isolator.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Optical_isolator.html (411 words)

	Faraday Isolator
		Faraday Rotators utilize high strength, rare earth permanent magnets in conjunction with a single, high damage threshold optical element to produce a uniform 45° polarization rotation.
		Faraday isolators are used to prevent destabilizing feedback to oscillators, parasitic oscillations in multi-amplifier systems and frequency instability in laser diodes.
		A Faraday isolators' ability to provide non reciprocal rotation while maintaining a linear polarization is what differentiates it from a l/4 plate-polarizer type isolator, and allows it to provide higher isolation.
	www.luminex.co.jp /Catalog/FaradayIsolator.htm (1048 words)

	Optical Isolator provides total transmittance of 80%. - Del Mar Ventures
		Faraday Optical Isolator allows propagation of linearly polarized light in one direction, but blocks light in reverse direction.
		The Faraday rotator is tuned to rotate the plane of polarization by 45°.
		Faraday isolators are factory aligned for a central wavelength of 800 nm.
	news.managingautomation.com /fullstory/455141 (506 words)

	Compact uniform field Faraday isolator - Patent 5715080 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the first aspect of the invention, the input aperture of the isolator is in the front of the isolator and the output aperture is in the rear of the isolator.
		The beam 84 exits the Faraday optic 85 at an optically transparent portion 92 of the rear face 91 of the Faraday optic 85 and is refracted.
		The isolator 103 is comprised of a housing 106 having a pair of input 107 and output 108 bosses on the front of said housing 106 and a Faraday optic 109 which is similar to the Faraday optic 85 of FIGS.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5715080.html (5586 words)

	Faraday Crystals TGG and Glasses MOS-4 and MOS-10
		Although the Faraday effect is not itself chromatic, the verdet constant itself is quite strongly a function of wavelength.
		Faraday Isolators are passive unidirectional, non reciprocal devices that utilize the phenomenon of Magneto-Optic Rotation to isolate the source from reflections in an optical system.
		Faraday Rotators are also used for example in ring laser systems to introduce a loss mechanism (in conjunction with some other intra-cavity polarization selective element) which is greater for one direction of propagation than for the other.
	www.mt-berlin.com /frames_cryst/descriptions/faraday.htm (634 words)

	Encyclopedia: Faraday isolator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A Faraday rotator is an optical device that rotates the polarization of light due to the Faraday effect.
		Commercial YIG based Faraday isolators reach isolations higher than 30 dB.
		The Verdet constant is an optical constant that describes the strength of the Faraday effect for a particular material.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Faraday-isolator (612 words)

	Optical isolator operating independent of polarization of an incident beam - US Patent 5428477 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the conventional polarization-independent optical isolator, isolator characteristics tend to deteriorate in case when the Faraday rotators per se have characteristic variation due to temperature change or characteristic fluctuation due to working precision or when fluctuation occurs in an oscillation wavelength of a laser used as a light source.
		The Faraday rotators F1, F2, and F3 are magnetized in a saturation state by a permanent magnet arranged at a periphery of the Faraday rotators so as to rotate a polarization direction by 45° for a light beam having a wavelength of 1.55 µm.
		The Faraday rotators F1, F2, and F3 are magnetized in a saturation state by a permanent magnet arranged at a periphery of the Faraday rotators F1, F2, and F3 so as to rotate a polarization direction by 45° for a light beam having a wavelength of 1.3 µm.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5428477.html (6470 words)

	Optical isolator employing a germanium-arsenic-selenium composition - Patent 4840464
		A Faraday rotator for rotating a plane of polarization of polarized light, said Faraday rotator having an optical element comprising a rod which is comprised of an optically transmitting composition comprising from about 15 wt.
		A Faraday rotor comprising an optical element in which is rotated a plane of polarization of polarized light along an optical axis, said optical element comprising a rod comprising an optically transmitting composition comprising from about 15 wt.
		The Faraday rotator also comprises a means for generating a magnetic field along the optical axis of said optical element, thereby rotating the plane of polarization of polarized light about the optical axis of the optical element.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4840464.html (2161 words)

	Faraday rotator - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Faraday rotator works because one polarization of the input light is in ferromagnetic resonance with the material which causes its phase velocity to be higher than the other.
		Specifically, given two rays of circularly polarized light, one with left-hand and the other with right-hand polarization, the phase velocity of the one with the polarization in the same sense as the precessing magnetization is greater.
		Faraday rotators are used in Faraday isolators to prevent undesired back propagation of light from disrupting or damaging an optical system.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Faraday_rotator (236 words)

	Publications of Robert Wynands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		We describe the concept and performance of a new type of tunable Faraday optical isolator for the near infrared.
		The assembled Faraday isolator shown in its fully extended position, i.e., tuned to short wavelengths.
		The micrometer screw is used to fine-tune the isolator by rotating the central polarizer.
	www.iap.uni-bonn.de /dunkel/paperA3.html (129 words)

	Q & A - What is a Faraday Optical Isolator and How Does it Work?
		Faraday isolators (see Figure 1) typically consist of a Faraday rotator, two polarizers, and a body to house the parts.
		The back reflected light then passes through the Faraday rotator, which produces another 45° of rotation, and is now polarized at 90°, or horizontally, before being stopped by the input polarizer, still at 0°.
		Thus, the laser is isolated from its own reflections that may occur in the application part of the optical set.
	www.ptbmagazine.com /features/2004/feat_1104.html (423 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The faraday is no longer in general use and has been replaced by the SI unit coulomb; one faraday is equivalent to 96..
		Faraday's law for electrolysis discovered by Michael Faraday 1834: The mass of a substance produced at an electrode during electrolysis is proportional to the number of moles of electrons (the quantity of electricity) transferred at that electrodeThe number of Faradays of electric charge required t..
		Faraday's law of induction gives the relation between the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the area enclosed by a closed loop and the electric field induced along the loop: [\oint_S \mathbf{E} \cdot d\mathbf{s} = -{d\Phi_B \over dt}] where E is the induced electric field, ds is..
	www.hostingciamca.com /browse.php?title=F/FA/FAR (11019 words)

	Faraday optical isolators and rotators from Leysop
		These are Faraday rotators, in which the plane of polarisation of a laser beam is rotated through 45
		An output polariser is necessary to select the correct polarisation state for transmission back through the isolator (see diagram).
		Isolators are wavelength tunable by a screw thread adjustment.
	www.leysop.com /faroptisotype.html (117 words)

	Faraday optical isolators and rotators from Leysop
		These are based on Faraday rotators, in which the plane of polarisation of a laser beam is rotated through 45° as it passes through a high Verdet constant material, positioned in an axial magnetic field produced by permanent magnets.
		Rotation is additive for reflectors passing back through the isolator giving 90° special difference between the input and reflected polarisation states at the input to the isolator.
		By inserting a passive optical element (Quartz rotation plate) into the device in addition to the TGG rod, the combination of the two components is an isolator in which the the output polarisation is now at the more convenient angle of 90° with respect to the input.
	www.leysop.com /faraday.htm (498 words)

	Optical isolator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In electronics, an optical isolator is a device that usesa short optical transmission path to transfer a signal between elements of a circuit while keeping them electrically isolated -- since the signal goes from an electrical signal to an opticalsignal back to an electrical signal, electrical contact along the path is broken.
		The optical path may be air or a dielectric waveguide.The transmitting and receiving elements of an optical isolator may be contained within a single compact module, for mounting, e.g., on a circuit board; in this case, the module is often called anoptoisolator or opto-isolator.
		In optics, the term optical isolator is also used for a purelyoptical device also known as a Faraday isolator.
	www.therfcc.org /optical-isolator-177392.html (166 words)

	EOT - Electro-Optics Technology, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If the Faraday Isolator will be used with average powers in excess of 25W transmitted or 0.5W rejected backward propagating radiation the Polarizer Covers will need to be rotated so that the Escape Ports allow rejected polarization light to be safely dumped onto a beam dump.
		If the Faraday Isolator is used in application where strong reflections and/or optical gain elements (amplifiers) exist there may be very high power rejected beams for backward propagating light at the input polarizer.
		However, if the Faraday Isolator is to be used with very high peak intensities it is prudent to allow rejected beams to escape on to external beam dumps to prevent any ablation damage to the Nickel plated Polarizer Covers.
	www.eotech.com /techsupport/faraday/userguide/4using.php (747 words)

	Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Optical isolator is required to keep the reflected light from laser.
		Upon passing through the Faraday rotator, the polarized light is rotated 45 degree.
		The size of the isolator thus need to be reduced, while still keeping the required isolation.
	www.mse.mtu.edu /~haiyang/Research1.htm (367 words)

	optical isolators / Faraday rotators
		These are tunable Faraday rotators in which the plane of polarization of a laser beam is rotated through 45° as it passes through a high Verdet constant material, positioned in an axial magnetic field produced by permanent magnets.
		Rotation is additive for reflectors passing back through the isolator giving 90° special difference between the input and reflected polarization states at the input to the isolator.
		There is a small penalty to pay in that the transmission over the band is not uniform due to the varying degree to which the combined rotation of the Faraday rod and the Quartz rotator matches the outgoing polarization axis to the preferred axis of the output polarizer.
	www.eoc-inc.com /leysop/Faraday_optical_isolator_rotators.htm (645 words)

	Michael Faraday (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Michael Faraday (September 22, 1791 – August 25, 1867) was a British scientist (a physicist and chemist) who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
		He also invented the earliest form of the device that was to become the Bunsen burner, which is used almost universally in science laboratories as a convenient source of heat.
		Michael Faraday was one of the great scientists in history.
	www.kiwipedia.com /en/michael-faraday.html (122 words)

	Application notes - Faraday isolators and rotators
		The key property of a Faraday rotator which distinguishes it from say a quartz rotation plate, is that the effect is uni-directional.
		In the form of isolator shown, the rejected beams is not used and is simply discarded (in most applications it is not necessary to use a polarizer with a side exit face, scattering of the rejected beam is sufficient).
		The commonest use of Faraday isolators is in preventing laser oscillators from being damaged by strong back reflections from subsequent optics and especially from certain types of amplifiers where a significantly enhanced back reflection may occur.
	www.eoc-inc.com /app_notes_faraday_isolators_rotators.htm (839 words)

	Faraday isolator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		They are typically used to prevent unwanted feedback into anoptical oscillator (A laser cavity is a good example.) The operation of the devicedepends on the Faraday effect which is used in the main component, the Faraday rotator.
		Faraday isolators are different from 1/4 wave plate based isolators becauseit can provide non-reciprocal rotation while maintaining linear polarization which allows higher isolation to be achieved.
		The characteristics that one looksfor in a Faraday rotator optic, include a high Verdet constant, low absorption coefficient, low non-linear refractive index and high damagethreshold.
	www.therfcc.org /faraday-isolator-314845.html (303 words)

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