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Topic: Fascial compartment

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	Fascial compartment
		Knowledge of these compartments not only simplifies the learning of innervation, it is also important in situations where pressure can build up in one compartment, potentially damage the contents.
		This problem is called compartment syndrome and have happen acutely in a bleed (possibly caused by a fracture), or gradually, as with an athelete's overuse of a muscle.
		Compartment syndrome can be treated by a fasciotomy, where the septum enclosing the compartment is cut to relieve the pressure.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fa/Fascial_compartment.html (295 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The compartment is bounded medially by the fibula, and by anterior and posterior crural intermuscular septa (Corrigan and Maitland, 1994).
		The compartment is bound by fascia and intermuscular septa (Corrigan and Maitland, 1994).
		The deep posterior (or medial) compartment is enclosed between the deep fascia of the medial aspect of the leg, the interosseous membrane and a deep transverse intermuscular septum which separates it from the posterior compartment.
	podiatry.curtin.edu.au /encyclopedia/compartment/content2.html (598 words)

	AAPM&R - EMG Case No. 71, cont (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Compartment syndrome in the leg usually affects the anterior compartment; while in the forearm, the flexor compartment is most susceptible.
		Clinically, compartment syndrome is characterized by pain, paresthesia, painful ROM, and a tense swollen fascial compartment.
		In the lateral compartment, all contents are involved including decreased insertional activity in the peroneus longus and brevis and superficial peroneal sensory absence on nerve conduction study.
	www.aapmr.org /education/emgcases/emg7104d.htm (1040 words)

	Orthopaedic Journal
		Because tissue perfusion in a compartment is dependent on arteriolar and capillary perfusion gradients, a compartment syndrome may result in the presence of peripheral pulses.
		It is important to avoid the superficial peroneal nerve during its exit from the fascia of the lateral compartment traversing anterior in the distal third of the leg.
		The lateral compartment is then released with an incision on the inferior-medial aspect of its overlying fascia, extending to the lateral side of the foot.
	www.uphs.upenn.edu /ortho/oj/1997/oj10sp97p49.html (7473 words)

	Posterior Spinal Fascial System
		While we are familiar with a compartment syndrome occurring in the calf, due to restrictive fascia, we seldom think of a spinal problem in the same way.
		While the fascial spinal condition may not be as acute as a calf compartment, syndrome fascial restrictions often occur at paraspinal areas without reaching the compartment stage.
		While a compartment syndrome may be rare regarding the lower back, tightened, shortened fascia based on its anatomy and function is undoubtedly related to spinal pain.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/20/11/09.html (893 words)

	Persistent Shin Pain in (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the anterior compartment, the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus and peroneus tertius muscles are contained within the space bounded by the tibia and fibula bones and the anterior compartmental fascia.
		Compartment syndromes arise in most instances as a result of the fascial compartment being too small and/or too inelastic to allow for the necessary compartmental expansion.
		Anterior compartment syndrome in racewalkers is characterized by a deep, diffuse, aching leg pain during activity, swelling and tightness, muscle weakness, numbness in the legs and feet, sometimes reduced pulse at the front of the ankle, and possibly herniations through the fascia
	members.aol.com /rayzwocker/worldclass/tibialis.htm (2152 words)

	Compartment Syndrome - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Simulation of compartment syndrome by rupture of the deep femoral artery from blunt trauma.
		Compartment syndrome as a complication of the Hauser procedure.
		Acute compartment syndromes: diagnosis and treatment with the aid of the wick catheter.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/compartment_syndrome (735 words)

	Is Soft-Tissue Inflammation in Pedal Infection Contained by Fascial Planes? MR Analysis of Compartmental Involvement in ...
		of the ulcer, the primarily infected compartment, and the observed
		as the primarily infected compartment and as the secondarily
		Plantar compartments of the foot: MR appearance in cadavers and diabetic patients.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/178/3/605 (4632 words)

	Compartment Syndrome
		Compartment syndrome is a life-threatening condition in which increased tissue pressure in a confined anatomical space causes decreased blood flow leading to ischemia and dysfunction of contained myoneural elements.
		Compartment syndrome can occur where there is significant edema in a compartment within the hand, forearm, upper arm, buttock, legs, feet, and occasionally the abdomen.
		Compartment syndrome has been described in instances of drug overdose where persons have remained in one position for several hours, with the force supplied by the weight of their body on the extremity being the causative mechanism for the syndrome developing.
	www.ceufast.com /courses/176/176.htm (2598 words)

	Compartment Syndrome
		A compartment syndrome is the result of unusually high pressure in one of the four compartments in the lower leg.
		The 4 osseofascial compartments of the lower leg are: the anterior, the lateral, the superficial posterior, and the deep posterior.
		The bridge is formed by the transverse intermuscular septum and its intersection with the anterior and posterior fascial layers of the soleus.
	www.athleticadvisor.com /Injuries/LE/compartmentsyndrome.htm (692 words)

	Compartment Syndrome: Fractures, Dislocations, and Sprains: Merck Manual Professional
		Compartment syndrome is increased tissue pressure within a tight fascial compartment, resulting in tissue ischemia.
		If this edema occurs within a fascial compartment, typically in the anterior or posterior compartments of the leg, there is little room for tissue expansion, so interstitial (compartmental) pressure increases.
		It is typically out of proportion to the degree of apparent injury and is exacerbated by passive stretching of the muscles within the compartment (eg, for the anterior leg compartment, by passive toe flexion, which stretches the toe extensor muscles).
	www.merck.com /mmpe/print/sec21/ch309/ch309c.html (333 words)

	eMedicine - Compartment Syndromes : Article Excerpt by Gregory A Rowdon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The borders of this compartment are the tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane, and anterior intermuscular septum.
		This compartment is bordered by the anterior intermuscular septum, the fibula, the posterior intermuscular septum, and the deep fascia.
		Tibialis posterior: This compartment (a subdivision of the deep posterior compartment) is newly described and consists of the tibialis posterior, which has recently been shown to have its own fascial layer.
	www.emedicine.com /sports/byname/Compartment-Syndromes.htm (887 words)

	Compartment Syndrome: Swelling out of control
		Compartment syndromes literally represent swelling out of control; however, this swelling is not visible to the eye because it occurs deep inside the limb.
		Although present throughout the body, the compartments most vulnerable to compartment syndrome are found in the forearm and lower leg.
		Classic compartment syndromes can be caused by crushing or severe high-energy injuries to limbs in which the skin remains intact, however, they can appear with less serious injury or even after surgical procedures.
	www.hughston.com /hha/a_17_2_1.htm (602 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Exercise-Induced Leg Pain
		If the symptoms are posterior, and elevated posterior compartment pressures are documented, a single incision is used to release the tibialis posterior and remainder of the deep compartment.
		Mubarak (23) states that there is frequently a hernia at the exit of the superficial peroneal nerve, or of one of its branches, in "chronic compartment syndrome." According to Touliopolous and Hershman (12) a hernia becomes symptomatic because of chronic ECS, a compressive neuropathy, or ischemia of the herniated muscle tissue.
		Compartment pressure measurements may be used to differentiate peroneal nerve lesions from chronic anterior compartment syndrome, which may have a similar presentation.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/2001/06_01/amendola.htm (4999 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
		Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS), though less serious, is painful and persistent and may halt physical activity, so primary care physicians should be able to recognize CECS in athletes.
		All compartments can be safely and efficiently evaluated in an outpatient setting, but knowledge of anatomy is essential for identifying the appropriate compartment and avoiding neurovascular structures.
		The first step in compartment pressure measurement is, of course, to identify the compartment and sterilize the overlying skin.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/1999/05_99/hutchinson.htm (847 words)

	Stanislaus Orthopaedics - Motocross Arm Pump article
		Acute compartment syndrome is a true emergency and may lead to permanent muscle damage unless surgically treated in less than 6-8 hours.
		The forearm has four fascial compartments that I have colored: 1.In pink are the muscles of the superficial volar compartment, 2.
		A volar incision to release the superficial and deep volar compartments, and a dorsal incision to release the dorsal and mobile wad compartments.
	www.stanislausorthopedics.com /articles/armpumpandmotocross.htm (2902 words)

	How To Detect And Treat Chronic Compartment Syndrome
		During the fascial release of the anterior compartment, the author recommends using Metzenbaum scissors to split the fascia longitudinally by capturing the edge of the fascia in the jaws of the scissors.
		The posterior compartments are separated by the deep transverse fascia and enveloped by the deep fascia of the leg.
		Furthermore, recent anatomical dissections have implied that muscles in the superficial posterior compartment may lay within their own separate fascial envelopes as well, the significance of which is unknown at this time.
	www.podiatrytoday.com /article/1043 (3963 words)

	Exercise induced compartment syndrome in a professional footballer -- Cetinus et al. 38 (2): 227 -- British Journal of ...
		compartment syndrome in a professional footballer is described.
		The consequences of compartment syndrome are reduction in capillary
		Fascial herniation, residual pain, or recurrence of the compartment
	bjsm.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/38/2/227 (1528 words)

	Compartment syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Compartment syndrome is characterized by increased pressure within one or more fascial compartments so that vascular perfusion is compromised.
		Untreated compartment syndrome mediated ischemia of the muscles and nerves lead to eventual irreversible damage and death of the tissues within the compartment.
		Compartment syndrome is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment by fasciotomy to allow the pressure to return to normal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Compartment_syndrome (559 words)

	Medicine and Science in Tennis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chronic Compartment Syndrome is typically an exercise-induced condition, characterized by a relative inadequacy of musculo-fascial compartment size, producing chronic or recurring pain and/or disability.
		Chronic compartment syndrome is a rare disease, and a physician who is not active in sports medicine is unlikely to see even one case during his medical career.
		Because of the two-month history of pain and tenderness in the area, the anconeus muscle compartment was released surgically.
	www.stms.nl /april2002/artikel6.htm (696 words)

	Chronic compartment syndrome American Family Physician - Find Articles
		Chronic compartment syndrome is occasionally precipitated by medical problems unrelated to exercise, such as chronic external compression of a limb, deep venous thrombosis and edema fluid in the leg.
		The one common feature in all of these causes is that the fascial compartment is unable to accommodate the increased intracompartment volume that occurs with exercise.
		The typical patient with chronic compartment syndrome is young and actively engaged in endurance sports.[1-5] Males and females are equally affected.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n2_v39/ai_7553275 (758 words)

	Abdominal wall thickening in a middle aged man -- 76 (901): 723 -- Postgraduate Medical Journal
		Eosinophilic fasciitis is considered to be an immunologically mediated disease.
		Eosinophilic fasciitis presents in the third to fifth decade of life with stiffness, swelling, and non-pitting oedema of the
		Eosinophilic fasciitis: report of seven cases of a newly recognised scleroderma-like syndrome.
	pmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/76/901/723a (613 words)

	Muscles of the Arm
		The anconeus muscle is located chiefly in the forearm, but it is described with the brachial muscles because it is morphologically and functionally related to the triceps brachii muscle.
		The biceps is located in the anterior aspect of the arm in the anterior fascial compartment.
		This is a large, fusiform muscle and is located in the posterior fascial compartment of the arm.
	download.videohelp.com /vitualis/med/mmarm.htm (632 words)

	integrative fascial release (IFR) \| Warren,MS,DC,DABCO
		IFR is a fascial release system which combines a variety of present-day soft-tissue concepts into a new paradigm.
		Most recently, I have been using a "tensegrity therapy" method developed by Roth5 which determines a possible primary source of the fascial restriction, which may be distant from the source of the pain.
		Another technique that fits extremely well into fascial release is a "3-planar fulcrum myofascial release" technique developed by Weiselfish-Giammatteo7 which treats the fascia in three planes simultaneously.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/17/08/21.html (573 words)

	Thigh
		Each of these compartments has its on blood and nerve supply, and contains a different group of muscles.
		This contains the flexors of the hip, and extensors of the knee, such as the quadriceps femoris[?].
		The obturator nerve[?] supplies the hip adductors in this compartment.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/th/Thigh.html (161 words)

	Image The_Obturator_externus gif In human humans the thigh is the area...
		This bone is very thick and strong, and forms a ball and socket joint joint at the hip hip, and a condylar joint at the knee.
		These compartments are the femur as an axis, and are separated by tough connective tissue connective tissue membranes (or septa septa).
		This compartment is sciatic nerve sciatic nerve territory.
	www.biodatabase.de /thigh (253 words)

	AAPM&R - Case No. 41, cont
		With pseudoaneurysms, the concern lies in the potential for medial brachial fascial compartment syndrome from the expanding mass.
		The brachial fascia is composed of a thick layer of tissue that surrounds the arm from the clavicle to the elbow and encompasses the neurovascular bundle.
		The median nerve is at greatest risk from medial brachial fascial compartment syndrome, followed by the ulnar nerve.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/9699/emg9910b.htm (589 words)

	The medial brachial fascial compartment syndrome following axillary arteriography -- Tsao and Wilbourn 61 (8): 1037 -- ...
		The medial brachial fascial compartment syndrome following axillary arteriography -- Tsao and Wilbourn 61 (8): 1037 -- Neurology
		The medial brachial fascial compartment syndrome following axillary arteriography
		of the medial brachial fascial compartment syndrome, a complication
	www.neurology.org /cgi/content/abstract/61/8/1037 (185 words)

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