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Topic: Fascism and ideology

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	Fascism - MSN Encarta
		Fascism, modern political ideology that seeks to regenerate the social, economic, and cultural life of a country by basing it on a heightened sense of national belonging or ethnic identity.
		Because fascism had a decisive impact on European history from the end of World War I until the end of the World War II, the period from 1918 to 1945 is sometimes called the fascist era.
		Marxist historians and political scientists (that is, those who base their approach on the writings of German political theorist Karl Marx) view fascism as a form of politics that is cynically adopted by governments to support capitalism and to prevent a socialist revolution.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568245/Fascism.html (1217 words)

	Fascism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fascism in Italy arose in the 1920s as a mixture of syndicalist notions with an anti-materialist theory of the state; the latter had already been linked to an extreme nationalism.
		Fascism is associated by many scholars with one or more of the following characteristics: a very high degree of nationalism, economic corporatism, a powerful, dictatorial leader who portrays the nation, state or collective as superior to the individuals or groups composing it.
		Nazism differed from Fascism proper in the emphasis on the state's purpose in serving its national ideal on the basis of a national race, specifically the social engineering of culture to the ends of the greatest possible prosperity for German race at the expense of all else and all others.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fascism (4425 words)

	Fascism and ideology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As a result, fascism is often used as a term of abuse, a label used by people of all political views to insult their enemies (usually an Ad hominem).
		Fascism, capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini.
		Eatwell (1996) talks about the need of fascism for "syncretic legitimation" which sometimes led it to forge alliances with "existing mainstream elites, who often sought to turn fascism to their own more conservative purposes." Eatwell also observes that "in most countries it tended to gather force in countries where the right was weak" p.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fascism_and_ideology (5110 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Fascism and ideology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		fascism A political ideology of the first half of the 20th century, the central belief of which was that the individual should be subjugated to the needs of the state, which in turn should be directed by a strong leader embodying the will of the nation.
		Fascism, Islamism, and Anti-Semitism; The president of the Islamic Republic is guided in word and deed by the most vicious of ideologies.
		Fascism within the pre World War II Italian population of Queensland: a study of community processes and interaction.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Fascism+and+ideology (1212 words)

	Harun Yahya - FASCISM : The Bloody Ideology of Darwinism
		Harun Yahya - FASCISM : The Bloody Ideology of Darwinism
		Fascism is known as an ideology that was born and flourished in the 20th century.
		In a similar manner, to be free of the horror of "fascism," one must fight its ideological basis and the influences that aid it in its growth.
	www.harunyahya.com /fascism.php (1076 words)

	PublicEye.org - What is Fascism?
		Fascism is a form of extreme right-wing ideology that celebrates the nation or the race as an organic community transcending all other loyalties.
		Fascism's approach to politics is both populist--in that it seeks to activate "the people" as a whole against perceived oppressors or enemies--and elitist--in that it treats the people's will as embodied in a select group, or often one supreme leader, from whom authority proceeds downward.
		Fascism rejects the liberal doctrines of individual autonomy and rights, political pluralism, and representative government, yet it advocates broad popular participation in politics and may use parliamentary channels in its drive to power.
	www.publiceye.org /eyes/whatfasc.html (743 words)

	Pound and Fascism
		Fascism, remembering with acute nostalgia the ecstatic self-surrender of life in the trenches, celebrated the power of the leader and the submission of the loyal party member to the leader’s will as ends in themselves.
		Fascism’s attempt to reunite the socialist and the conservative strains in Western political thought may seem, on the face of it, a laudable enterprise.
		As fascism summoned Italians and Germans to arm themselves in order to seize or to defend what was "rightfully" theirs, militarism and a cult of violence became not an accidental but an essential component of this movement.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/m_r/pound/fascism.htm (1867 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Mussolini: What is Fascism, 1932
		Fascism, now and always, believes in holiness and in heroism; that is to say, in actions influenced by no economic motive, direct or indirect.
		Fascism conceives of the State as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived of in their relation to the State.
		Fascism is the doctrine best adapted to represent the tendencies and the aspirations of a people, like the people of Italy, who are rising again after many centuries of abasement and foreign servitude.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html (744 words)

	Fascism Defined - Source for Political Terminology Analysis and Defintions
		Fascism, in many respects, is an ideology of negativism: anti-liberal, anti-Communist, anti-democratic, anti-egalitarian, etc. As a political and economic system in Italy, it combined elements of corporatism, totalitarianism, nationalism, and anti-communism.
		Both a movement and a historical phenomenon, Italian Fascism was, in many respects, an adverse reaction to both the apparent failure of laissez-faire and fear of the left, although trends in intellectual history, such as the breakdown of positivism and the general fatalism of postwar Europe should be of concern.
		Fascism was, to an extent, a product of a general feeling of anxiety and fear among the middle class of postwar Italy arising because of a convergence of interrelated economic, political, and cultural pressures.
	www.politicsdefined.com /content/fascism.htm (3773 words)

	Fascism - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Fascism, modern political ideology that seeks to regenerate the social, economic, and cultural life of a country by basing it on a heightened sense...
		Mussolini, Benito (1883-1945), founder of Fascism and prime minister and dictator of Italy (1922-1943).
		From 1919 to 1922 Italy was torn by social and political strife, inflation, and economic problems, aggravated by the belief that Italy had won the...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Fascism.html (102 words)

	Free Essay The Political Ideology of Fascism
		Fascism is a form of counter-revolutionary politics that first arose in the early part of the twentieth-century in Europe.
		Fascism is a philosophy or a system of government the advocates or exercises a dictatorship of the extreme right, typically through the merging of state and business leadership, together with an ideology of aggressive nationalism.
		Fascism is an authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy and other European countries after 1919 as a reaction against the profound political and social changes brought about from inflation, and declining social, economic, and political conditions.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=26755 (2286 words)

	The Philosophic Roots of Modern Ideology Liberalism, Communism, Fascism
		Given this, it is obvious why fascism was opposed to liberal democratic thought: The latter's assumption is that the state is ultimately the creation of and subservient to the individual.
		For Mussolini's fascism the powerful nation was the ultimate goal, and in pursuit of it a policy of corporativism, or corporatism, was adopted.
		Fascism sees the masses as possessed of great potential energy; the problem is to mobilize them toward the proper goals.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Fascism/Philosophic_Roots_Ideology.html (12118 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Eatwell (1996) talks about the need of fascism for "syncretic legitimation" which sometimes led it to forge alliances with "existing mainstream elites, who often sought to turn fascism to their own more conservative purposes." Eatwell also observes that "in most countries it tended to gather force in countries where the right was weak" p.
		The left influences in fascism are claimed to originate in the fact that several prominent theorists of fascism began their political careers as socialists, syndicalists, anarchists, or a combination thereof.
		To its voters, fascism presented itself as a form of new and even revolutionary conservatism that could reconcile the interests of the elite with those of the common man. Fascist ideology emphasized the concept of class collaboration, which held that social inequality and hierarchy could be beneficial to rich and poor alike.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Fascism_and_ideology (5392 words)

	Rush, Newspeak and Fascism: An exegesis: II: Understanding Fascism
		In a historical sense, fascism is maybe best understood as an extreme reaction against socialism and communism; in its early years it was essentially defined as "extremist anti-communism." There were very few attempts to systematize the ideology of fascism, though some existed (see, e.g.
		Fascism sprang up in fact as a much more atomized phenomenon, arising at first mostly in rural areas and then spreading to the cities; and if we are to look at those origins, then it's clear that similar movements can already be seen to exist in America.
		What's necessary for assessing the genuine potential for fascism in America is identifying the core components of fascism itself: the ancient wellsprings from which it came and which remain with us today.
	www.cursor.org /stories/fascismii.php (2018 words)

	Italian Fascism: An Interpretation
		Italian fascism was the first application of what would become a generic ideology encompassing, or allegedly encompassing, movements of the political right in every nation of Western Europe, the United States, the British Commonwealth nations and even Japan.[4] It was believed by Italian leaders to be highly exportable, yet it carried strong Italian nationalistic overtones.
		Fascism shared with bolshevism a common Marxian heritage.[18] Both were formally rooted in socialist tradition, both scientific and utopian.[19] Several modern analysts have suggested that Mussolini was at heart a Marxist.
		Fascism was to be the single inspiration point for the Italian nationalistic dream of cultural and spiritual leadership.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v04/v04p--5_Whisker.html (9772 words)

	Fascism, by Sheldon Richman: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		This collectivism is captured in the word fascism, which comes from the Latin fasces, meaning a bundle of rods with an axe in it.
		Mussolini's fascism took another step at this time with the advent of the Corporative State, a supposedly pragmatic arrangement under which economic decisions were made by councils composed of workers and employers who represented trades and industries.
		But although syndicalism and corporativism had a place in fascist ideology and were critical to building a consensus in support of the regime, the council did little to steer the economy.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/Fascism.html (1120 words)

	The Public Eye : Website of Political Research Associates
		This is what fascism as an ideology was reacting against--and its support came primarily from desperate people anxious and angry over their perception that their social and economic position was sinking and frustrated with the constant risk of chaos, uncertainty and inefficiency implicit in a modern democracy based on these principles.
		Fascism was forged in the crucible of post-World War I nationalism in Europe.
		It is vitally important to understand that fascism and Nazism are not biologically or culturally determinant.
	www.publiceye.org /fascist/berlet_fascism.html (2368 words)

	Sternhell.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In its most restricted sense 'the word fascism applies simply to the political regime in Italy in the period between the two world wars; at the other end of the scale, the 'fascist' epithet is used, and particularly by left wingers of various hue, as the term of abuse par excellence, conclusive and unanswerable.
		Fascist ideology saw itself as a reaction against the 'materialistic positivism of the nineteenth century,'62 which it sought to replace by a 'religious and idealistic manner of looking at life.'03 It refused, in the words of Jose Antonio, 'to accept the materialistic interpretation of history,'64 or, as Mussolini thought, 'the materialistic conception of happiness....
		Both at the level of ideology and for purposes of recruitment, the fascists were able to use the fact that their movement was associated with the younger generation to present their ideology as the only twentieth century system of thought.
	www.coloradocollege.edu /Dept/PS/Finley/PS425/reading/Sternhell.html (15090 words)

	WorldNetDaily: The ideology that isn't
		Fascism is more than a synonym for evil, it is a coherent and structured political ideology and the fact that it was not perfectly implemented in its most pure fashion should confuse no one living in a modern Western democracy where the power of the people's vote is strictly hedged on every side.
		It is precisely the opposite of Fascism in subordinating the State to the Mosque.
		Were Fascism not a defunct historical ideology, it would be a rival to Islam, not a variant form of it.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/printer-friendly.asp?ARTICLE_ID=51807 (890 words)

	[No title]
		Introduction A. When most people think of fascism today they think of an egomaniacal fuehrer, or possibly an ideology that was defeated in WWII and more recently espoused by uneducated skinheads.
		The Major Tenets of Fascism A. What it is: It is a worldview in that it attempts to speak to all of life.
		Fascism was not just a political or economic system but a worldview, i.e., a new religion.
	www.fni.com /cim/briefing/fascism.html (2111 words)

	Fascism
		Fascism is a complex political phenomenon that deserves considerable attention.
		Fascism, neither Italian Fascism or National Socialism, has not declared firm ideological doctrines such as a doctrine comparable to Marx and Engel's Communist Manifesto.
		Fascism throughout history has ostensibly surfaced multiple times; however, each time it has surfaced it's dynamics have been altered to suit specific purposes, such as those of Mussolini and Hitler.
	www.udel.edu /POSCISR/mwh/333/disc10/fasc.html (476 words)

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