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Topic: Fast neutron

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	Microchannel Plates - Fast Neutron Imaging
		Fast neutron radiography is a non-destructive testing method with a variety of industrial applications and the potential for element sensitive imaging for contraband and explosives detection.
		The limitations imposed by the source and the physics of the interaction of neutrons with the detector and the radiography specimen are central to the development of new detectors with the potential to improve the detectability of small features in resonance fast neutron radiography applications.
		The problem facing fast neutron radiographers is developing position sensitive neutron detection methods that have a high efficiency, in other words, detect as many neutrons as possible, whilst minimising: resolution loss, the detection of low energy scattered neutrons and the detection of undesirable radiation in the background produced by the accelerator-based source.
	www.src.le.ac.uk /instrumentation/mcp/neutron_imaging (1203 words)

	Fast neutron - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A fast neutron is a free neutron with a kinetic energy level close to 1 MeV (10 TJ/kg, hence a speed of 14,000 km/s.
		They are named fast neutrons to distinguish them from lower-energy thermal neutrons, and high energy neutrons produced in cosmic showers.
		Fast neutrons are produced by nuclear processes such as nuclear fission.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Fast_neutron (100 words)

	Geometrically optimized fast neutron detector - Patent 6639210
		Fast neutron population is measured indirectly from inelastic scatter gamma radiation detected with a gamma ray detector during bursts of fast neutrons from a pulsed neutron source.
		Fast neutrons are measured at a short spacing with respect to a fast neutron source, and epithermal neutrons are measured at a long spacing with respect to the neutron source.
		The fast neutrons from target 10 react promptly with atomic nuclei in formation 32, principally silicon and oxygen in the case of a silica matrix, or calcium, carbon and oxygen in the case of a limestone matrix.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6639210.html (10654 words)

	Glossary
		Alpha particles are helium nuclei, with 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
		Burnable poison: A neutron absorber included in the fuel which progressively disappears and compensates for the loss of reactivity as the fuel is consumed.
		Fast breeder reactor (FBR): A fast neutron reactor (qv) configured to produce more fissile material than it consumes, using fertile material such as depleted uranium in a blanket around the core.
	www.world-nuclear.org /info/inf51.html (2742 words)

	Shundahai Network
		Sodium-moderated fast neutron reactor (also known as "fast breeder" or "fast" reactor) technology is one of the sector's crucial for the future of energy in general and nuclear energy in particular as it is based on fuel that can be recycled after use.
		Fast neutron reactors, Russia's latest choice in its nuclear power strategy for the first half of the 21st century, is also the ever-first choice made in world's nuclear power.
		Fast reactors produce recyclable fuel, which simultaneously yields more power and rids us of spent nuclear fuel and dreaded "nuclear waste." The uranium, plutonium, and other actinide elements taken out of fast reactors can be recycled for further use.
	www.shundahai.org /3-15-06RiaNovosti_Scientists_Urge_Russia_to_Focus_Back_on_Fast_Neutron_Reactors.htm (862 words)

	Neutron temperature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term temperature is used, since hot, thermal and cold neutrons are moderated in a medium with a certain temperature.
		The neutron energy distribution is then adopted to the Maxwellian distribution known for thermal motion.
		Qualitatively, the higher the temperature, the higher is the kinetic energy of the free neutron.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fast_neutron (294 words)

	PSU Neutron Beam Group (NBG)
		For high-energy neutron testing, we intend to use the fast neutrons available near the reactor core by inserting a test circuit into a stand-up pipe adjacent to the reactor core face.
		The fast neutron flux at the core boundary is 5 ´ 10 12 neutrons/cm 2sec, and thermal flux is 1.3 ´ 10 13 neutrons/cm 2sec at 1MW steady state reactor operation.
		The fast neutron flux at the core boundary is 5 ´ 10 12 neutrons/cm 2sec, and thermal flux 1.3 ´ 10 13 neutrons/cm 2sec at 1-MW steady state reactor operation.
	www.engr.psu.edu /nbg/NeutronInducedSEA.htm (1449 words)

	Fast neutron reactors (FBR) - Encyclopedia of Earth
		Fast neutron reactors have a high power density and are normally cooled by liquid metal such as sodium, lead, or lead-bismuth, with high conductivity and boiling point and no moderating effect.
		While not strictly a fast neutron reactor, the uranium fuel is dissolved in the sodium fluoride salt coolant which circulates through graphite core channels to achieve some moderation and an epithermal neutron spectrum.
		Fast neutron reactors may be designed as breeders to yield more fissile material than they consume or to be plutonium burners to dispose of excess plutonium.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Fast_neutron_reactors_(FBR) (0 words)

	Fast Neutron Research Facility
		The Fast Neutron Research Facility (FNRF) has a history that can be traced back to 1971 with the privilege of being the first nuclear physics laboratory utilizing a 14-MeV neutron generator in the country.
		It has then become our tradition to work in areas that have accelerators as the work-horse.
		Copyright 2006 Fast Neutron Research Facility - design by M. Rhodes Statistics
	www.fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th (226 words)

	NDM Article - Fast Neutron Technology Used for Explosive Detection
		Neutrons are produced by using a high-voltage particle generator that takes two isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, and forces them into each other.
		Along with the neutrons, alpha particles are released at exactly 180 degrees opposite to the neutrons.
		The neutron generator is a cylinder of one meter in length and several centimeters in diameter.
	www.nationaldefensemagazine.org /issues/2003/Jun/Fast_Neutron.htm (752 words)

	NUKEFACTS ... and fictions
		Fast neutrons existing at the start of a lifetime interval are taken as the reference population.
		Neutron Loss: As fast neutrons slow down during a prompt neutron lifetime, leakage and absorption diminish the number of neutrons in the population until finally, at the end of the lifetime interval the remaining neutrons cause fission.
		A balance on fast neutrons is a logical beginning because it is the fast neutrons that appear at the start of a prompt neutron lifetime interval.
	www.pipeline.com /~rstater/nuke69a.html (1475 words)

	Fast Neutron Therapy
		Neutrons, pions and heavy ions (such as carbon, neon and argon) deposit more energy along their path than x-rays or gamma rays, thus causing more damage to the cells they hit.
		Seventy-three percent were treated with fast neutron radiation alone, the rest with a combination of neutrons and photons.
		Fast neutron radiotherapy should be considered in patients at high risk for local recurrence in both the curative and palliative settings.
	www.bctonline.com /~dwhiting/lms/neutrons.htm (2175 words)

	Fast reactors
		When studying physical parameters of fast reactors in the course of their designing, full-scale core simulation in the fast critical facility BFS-2 is of primary importance.
		The prime activities in the Institute in the field of physics, thermal physics, technology, material studies, and technology developments, as applied to fast reactors, are aimed at the improvement of NPP safety and cost parameters, and at the investigation of closed fuel cycle problems.
		The concept of nuclear power with fast reactors being developed in the IPPE is aimed at general improvement of its safety, solution of ecological problems related to radioactive wastes, and radical expansion of sources of raw materials for nuclear power.
	www.rssi.ru /IPPE/General/bn.html (647 words)

	Neutron - Radiation detection - FAQ - NEUTRON SAFETY
		This neutron is normally considered rather mono-energetic and is said to have a velocity which gives it a kinetic energy of 2.45 mega-electron volts.
		Neutrons are not absorbed easily in any form of matter due to their neutral charge.
		Fast neutrons create millions of proton "recoils" in their wake actually leaving the body still a neutron although much reduced in energy and speed.
	www.fusor.net /board/view.php?bn=fusor_neutrons&key=1042738258 (2849 words)

	Physics Division \| Research Highlights \| Los Alamos National Laboratory
		Fast neutrons enter and are moderated within 10 cm of the sensitive face, as is illustrated in the simulation detail at the right of Figure 1.
		The moderation signal (from recoiling protons) is detected for 25% to 75% of the fission neutron spectrum, depending on the number of photomultipliers and on the light-production efficiency of the scintillator.
		In contrast to photons, fast neutrons pass relatively freely through lead or iron, but are strongly attenuated in hydrogen-containing materials like water and polyethylene.
	www.lanl.gov /p/rh03_moss.shtml (1664 words)

	NIU Institute for Neutron Therapy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fast neutron irradiation of metastatic cervical adenopathy: The results of a randomized RTOG study.
		Fast neutron radiotherapy for soft tissue and cartilaginous sarcomas at high risk for local recurrence.
		Photon versus fast neutron external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer: results of a randomized prospective trial.
	www.neutrontherapy.niu.edu /neutrontherapy/data/index.shtml (183 words)

	Lives and Deaths of Stars
		Neutrons can be packed much closer together than electrons so even though a neutron star is more massive than a white dwarf, it is only about the size of a city.
		Neutron stars would pulsate too quickly because of their huge density, so pulsars must pulsate by a different way than normal variable stars.
		Neutron stars are compact enough and strong enough to rotate that fast.
	www.astronomynotes.com /evolutn/s12.htm (1226 words)

	Fast Neutron Reactors
		Fast neutron reactors are a technological step beyond conventional power reactors.
		The fast reactor has no moderator and relies on fast neutrons alone to cause fission, which is less efficient than using slow neutrons.
		Fast neutrons mean less likelihood of fission so about 20% of fissile nuclei is required in the fuel, and the core is much smaller (and with higher power density) than LWR.
	www.uic.com.au /nip98.htm (0 words)

	Fast neutron flux spectrum aboard Mars Odyssey during cruise
		The energy spectrum of fast neutrons generated by interactions between galactic cosmic rays and the Mars Odyssey spacecraft during quiet interplanetary conditions is determined.
		The estimated ratio of this component of spacecraft neutron background to the Martian leakage flux in Mars orbit is expected to amount to between 0.30 and 0.34.
		The fast neutron flux between 0.7 and 6 MeV should only contribute 0.40 Roentgen Equivalent Man (rem) per year to the total radiation dose aboard a Mars Odyssey class spacecraft at solar maximum.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002.../2001JA000295.shtml (315 words)

	CEA : Clefs CEA n° 46 Boxes E and F : What is a hybrid system? - PWR, FNR, and GCR (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The water is maintained at high pressure in the primary system to prevent it from boiling, and also serves as a coolant, transferring the heat from the core to a secondary system via an exchanger.
		Sometimes loosely referred to as "fast" reactors, they accept a wider variety of fuel isotopes than PWRs at the cost of a higher neutron flux in the reactor, and a high concentration of fissile isotopes in the fuel.
		The "hardening" of their neutron spectrum in favor of fast neutrons makes it possible to optimize the use of fissile and fertile materials, while minimizing the net production of long-lived waste through in situ incineration.
	www.cea.fr /var/cea/storage/static/gb/library/Clefs46/pagesg/clefs46_37.html (629 words)

	Fast neutron reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shevchenko BN350 nuclear fast reactor and desalination plant situated on the shore of the Caspian Sea.
		A fast neutron reactor or simply a fast reactor is a category of nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons.
		The Dounreay fast reactors, DFR (Doureay Fast Reactor) and PFR (Prototype Fast Reactor), in Caithness, in the Highland area of Scotland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fast_neutron_reactor (648 words)

	WKU API \| Research \| PFTNA
		During the neutron pulse, the γ-ray spectrum is primarily composed of γ-rays from the (n,n’γ) and (n,pγ) reactions on elements such as C and O, and is stored at a particular memory location within the data acquisition system.
		Between pulses, some of the fast neutrons that are still within the object lose energy by collisions with light elements composing the object.
		Therefore, by utilizing fast neutron reactions, neutron capture reactions, and activation analysis, a large number of elements contained in an object can be identified in a continuous mode without sampling.
	www.wku.edu /Dept/Academic/Ogden/Phyast/API/research/hs/pftna.html (1357 words)

	N - Glossary of chemical terms
		Neutron is an elementary particle on spin 1/2 and zero charge.
		Neutrons and protons, which are collectively called nucleons, are the constituents of the nucleus.
		Neutron number (N) is a characteristic property of a specific isotope of an element, equal to the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
	www.ktf-split.hr /periodni/en/abc/n.html (761 words)

	Neutron Activation Calculator - HELP
		Thus, matter irradiated by neutrons becomes radioactive and remains, at least for some time, radioactive even after the neutron source is shut off.
		For thermal neutrons, the activities of the activation products and their decay products are calculated, while, for fast neutrons, no activities are calculated (since the calculator's cross section database only covers thermal neutrons).
		Fast neutrons contribute very little to the (n,gamma) reaction, but instead induce nuclear reactions where the ejection of one or more nuclear particles - (n,p), (n,n'), and (n,2n) - are prevalent.
	www.wise-uranium.org /rnach.html (1360 words)

	Major Compositional Units of the Moon: Lunar Prospector Thermal and Fast Neutrons -- Feldman et al. 281 (5382): 1489 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Lunar Prospector (LP) neutron spectrometer (NS) measures the flux of thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons.
		Neutron flux backgrounds in space are low because free neutrons are unstable, with a mean life to beta decay of ~900 s.
		Clementine-determined altitudes were smoothed to 14.5° spatial resolution to match the footprint size resolution of the thermal neutrons in the upper plot, and to 5.5° resolution to match that of the fast neutrons in the lower plot.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/281/5382/1489 (2402 words)

	Fast-spinning neutron star smashes speed limit - space - 12 January 2006 - New Scientist Space (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The fastest-spinning neutron star ever found has been discovered in a crowded star cluster near the centre of the Milky Way, a new study reveals.
		Neutron stars form when a massive star explodes at the end of its life and leaves behind a super-dense, spinning ball of neutrons.
		Although most pulsars should have enough self-gravity to spin as fast as 3000 times per second before they split apart, all of the previously discovered millisecond pulsars, of which there are 150 or so, spin slower than 700 Hz.
	space.newscientist.com /article/dn8576-fastspinning-neutron-star-smashes-speed-limit.html (758 words)

	University of Massachusetts Lowell - Radiation Laboratory
		Fast neutrons for atomic displacement research are produced by both the reactor and the 5.5 MV Pulsed van-de-Graaff accelerator
		For research and evaluations requiring fast neutrons fluences with minimal slow neutrons and gamma ray components, a range-thick, metallic lithium target is bombarded with protons from the 5.5 MV Pulsed van-de-Graaff accelerator.
		These neutron fluences may be used to study the effects of atomic displacement damage on semiconductors and other materials.
	www.uml.edu /Dept/Physics/Rsc/RL/neutron.htm (414 words)

	Process and apparatus for cooling the wall of the vessel of a fast neutron reactor - Patent 4156629
		Process and apparatus for cooling the wall of the vessel of a fast neutron reactor comprising a main vessel which surrounds a second vessel containing the core and separating a volume of liquid metal contained in the main vessel into two regions called the hot collector and the cold collector respectively.
		The liquid metal drawn into the cold collector and passed through the core to the hot collector is circulated by means of pumps distributed around the core.
		The present invention relates to nuclear reactors whose core is cooled by a liquid metal generally constituted by sodium contained in a vessel having a vertical axis and open at its upper end, the invention relating more specifically to fast neutron reactors.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4156629.html (1742 words)

	Fast Fission Factor
		The first process that the neutrons of one generation may undergo is fast fission.
		increase in the fast neutron population of the reactor core.
		neutrons produced by all fissions to the number of fast neutrons produced by thermal fissions.
	www.tpub.com /content/doe/h1019v2/css/h1019v2_27.htm (393 words)

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