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Topic: Fast neutron reactor

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Thermal reactor

Fast breeder

Dounreay Fast Reactor

Fast neutron

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	DOE - Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
		Light water reactors are net producers of transuranics, while advanced fast reactors are net consumers of transuranics.
		Fast reactors may be developed in modules to promote economical production and can be constructed at a single site to produce a plant capable of generating over a gigawatt of electricity.
		Advanced fast reactors will incorporate safety and operational design features from the beginning to protect public and worker health while reducing greenhouse gas emissions during electricity generation.
	www.gnep.energy.gov /gnepAdvancedBurnerReactors.html (565 words)

	Fast breeder reactor Summary
		Surrounding the reactor core is a blanket of tubes containing non-fissile uranium-238 which, by capturing fast neutrons from the reaction in the core, is partially converted to fissile plutonium 239 (as is some of the uranium in the core), which can then be reprocessed for use as nuclear fuel.
		Fast reactors typically use liquid metal as the primary coolant, to cool the core and heat the water used to power the electricity generating turbines.
		The Fast Flux Test Facility, first critical in 1980, is not a breeder but is a sodium-cooled fast reactor.
	www.bookrags.com /Fast_breeder_reactor (2733 words)

	Fast neutron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A fast neutron is a free neutron with a kinetic energy level close to 1 MeV (10 TJ/kg), hence a speed of 14,000 km/s.
		Fast neutrons are produced by nuclear processes such as nuclear fission.
		In reactors, typically heavy water, light water, or graphite are used to moderate neutrons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fast_neutron (127 words)

	Fast neutron reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A fast neutron reactor or simply a fast reactor is a category of nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons.
		Early fast reactors used mercury cooling and plutonium metal fuel; later, NaK cooling was used, and molten lead cooling for naval propulsion units.
		The Dounreay fast reactors, DFR (Doureay Fast Reactor) and PFR (Prototype Fast Reactor), in Caithness, in the Highland area of Scotland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fast_neutron_reactor (489 words)

	Neutron - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Outside the nucleus, neutrons are unstable and have a half-life of about 10 minutes, decaying by emitting an electron and antineutrino to become a proton.
		A neutron is classified as a baryon, and consists of two down quarks and one up quark.
		The neutron, however, is unaffected by such forces; it is affected only by the very short-range strong and weak nuclear forces which comes into play when the neutron comes very close indeed to an atomic nucleus.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /neutron.htm (944 words)

	The Online NewsHour: Tracking Nuclear Proliferation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Neutron activation products are radioactive substances formed from the elements in ordinary materials - such as steel and concrete and air - when these elements absorb neutrons generated in fission or fusion reactions in a nuclear explosion.
		Alpha particles are helium nuclei, with 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
		A reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained primarily by slow neutrons, and hence requiring a moderator (as distinct from Fast Neutron Reactor, which has little to no moderator).
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/international/proliferation/glossary.html (2061 words)

	Fast neutron reactors (FBR) - Encyclopedia of Earth
		Fast neutron reactors have a high power density and are normally cooled by liquid metal such as sodium, lead, or lead-bismuth, with high conductivity and boiling point and no moderating effect.
		While not strictly a fast neutron reactor, the uranium fuel is dissolved in the sodium fluoride salt coolant which circulates through graphite core channels to achieve some moderation and an epithermal neutron spectrum.
		Fast neutron reactors may be designed as breeders to yield more fissile material than they consume or to be plutonium burners to dispose of excess plutonium.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Fast_neutron_reactors_(FBR) (5125 words)

	Fast neutron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They are named fast neutrons to distinguish them from lower-energy thermal neutrons, and high energy neutrons produced in cosmic showers.
		A study of the spatial distributions of fast neutrons in lattices of slightly enriched uranium rods moderated by heavy w...
		Fast neutron measurements by means of threshold detectors in the presence of 32 MeV X-rays (Societas Scientiarum Fennica...
	hallencyclopedia.com /Fast_neutron (398 words)

	Glossary
		Fast neutron reactor: A reactor with no moderator and hence utilising fast neutrons and able to utilise fertile material such as depleted uranium.
		All commercial reactors are thermal reactors, using a moderator to slow down the neutrons.
		Thermal reactor: A reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained primarily by slow neutrons (as distinct from Fast Neutron Reactor).
	www.cs.ntu.edu.au /homepages/jmitroy/sid101/nuke1/nip30.html (1712 words)

	Shundahai Network
		Sodium-moderated fast neutron reactor (also known as "fast breeder" or "fast" reactor) technology is one of the sector's crucial for the future of energy in general and nuclear energy in particular as it is based on fuel that can be recycled after use.
		Fast neutron reactors, Russia's latest choice in its nuclear power strategy for the first half of the 21st century, is also the ever-first choice made in world's nuclear power.
		Fast reactors produce recyclable fuel, which simultaneously yields more power and rids us of spent nuclear fuel and dreaded "nuclear waste." The uranium, plutonium, and other actinide elements taken out of fast reactors can be recycled for further use.
	www.shundahai.org /3-15-06RiaNovosti_Scientists_Urge_Russia_to_Focus_Back_on_Fast_Neutron_Reactors.htm (862 words)

	C&EN: COVER STORY - NUCLEAR POWER FOR THE FUTURE
		These new types of reactors are often described as "evolutionary" or "revolutionary." The evolutionary systems, known as generation III and III+ systems, have designs that evolved from the generation II fleet of reactors that were built in the 1970s and 1980s and continue to operate today.
		The reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant in Ukraine that disintegrated in a steam explosion in April 1986 was an RBMK reactor.
		Reactors that use water or graphite as moderators to slow neutrons and sustain the fission chain reaction are known as thermal reactors.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/coverstory/8237/8237nuclearenergy.html (3871 words)

	Glossary
		Boiling water reactor (BWR): A common type of light water reactor (LWR), where water is allowed to boil in the core thus generating steam directly in the reactor vessel.
		Fast breeder reactor (FBR): A fast neutron reactor (qv) configured to produce more fissile material than it consumes, using fertile material such as depleted uranium in a blanket around the core.
		Thermal reactor: A reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained primarily by slow neutrons, and hence requiring a moderator (as distinct from Fast Neutron Reactor).
	www.world-nuclear.org /info/inf51.html (2742 words)

	La France nucleaire/Nuclear France: Types of Reactors (ENGLISH)
		The reactor is piloted by means of groups of absorbing rods (control bars) which take the place of fuel in a certain number of assemblies, and by the use of an absorbant chemical material, borium, dissolved in the coolant.
		Ordinarily a fast neutron reactor is composed of a core proper composed of the fissile-fertile mixture of plutonium and uranium in the form of mixed oxides (Mox), and around the core, a cover, composed only of fertile material.
		As coolant, a fast reactor uses liquid sodium in spite of the fact that sodium presents the great inconvenience of catching fire in the presence of air and exploding in the presence of water.
	www.francenuc.org /en_chn/reactors_e.htm (3181 words)

	Fast neutron reactor Details, Meaning Fast neutron reactor Article and Explanation Guide
		A fast neutron reactor or simply a fast reactor is a category of nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons.
		Because absorption in the moderator is a major loss of neutrons in a thermal reactor, a fast reactor has an inherently superior neutron economy, that is there are excess neutrons not required to sustain the chain reaction.
		These neutrons can be used to produce extra fuel, as in the fast breeder reactor, or to transmute long-halflife waste to less troublesome isotopes, see Phenix, or some can be used for each purpose.
	www.e-paranoids.com /f/fa/fast_neutron_reactor.html (456 words)

	World Affairs Board - `Fast breeder reactor programme on right track'
		Bugat said that one of the purposes of his current visit to India "is to renew our links for cooperation in the field of fast neutron reactors" and to forge cooperation at the R and D level in scientific topics such as fundamental physics, life sciences, reactor safety in thermal reactors and FBRs.
		The fast breeder or fast breeder reactor (FBR) is a type of fast neutron reactor that produces more fissile material than it consumes.
		A fast neutron reactor, commonly called simply fast reactor, is a nuclear reactor design that uses no moderator but instead relies on fast neutrons to sustain its chain reaction.
	www.worldaffairsboard.com /showthread.php?t=3607 (1986 words)

	Clefs CEA n° 45 Glossary page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		fast neutron reactor (FR): reactor with no moderator in which most fissioning is generated by neutrons having energy levels in the same range as when they were produced by fission
		neutron spectrum: distribution according to energy of a population of neutrons in a reactor core
		neutronics: the study of the displacement of neutrons in fissile and non fissile media and the reactions they induce in matter, focusing particularly on their multiplication and their role in initiating and controlling the chain reaction in nuclear reactors
	www.cea.fr /gb/publications/Clefs45/clefs45gb/clefs45_glo_2a.html (923 words)

	Fast reactor recharging device - Patent 4147588
		Disclosure is made of a device for recharging a fast-neutron reactor, intended for the transfer of fuel assemblies and rods of the control and safety system, having profiled heads to be gripped on the outside.
		There is known a nuclear reactor recharging device comprising a separate mechanism for replacing fuel assemblies, and a separate mechanism for replacing rods of the control and safety system.
		It is the main object of the present invention to provide a recharging device for a fast-neutron reactor, intended for recharging fuel assemblies and rods of the control and safety system with profiled heads, and having a single mechanism for the transfer of fuel assemblies and rods of the control and safety system.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4147588.html (1952 words)

	Fast Neutron Reactors
		The fast reactor has no moderator and relies on fast neutrons alone to cause fission, which is less efficient than using slow neutrons.
		Fast neutrons mean less likelihood of fission so about 20% of fissile nuclei is required in the fuel, and the core is much smaller (and with higher power density) than LWR.
		A full-scale prototype fast reactor is envisaged by 2020, and CNNC expects the technology to become predominant by mid century.
	www.uic.com.au /nip98.htm (4906 words)

	Encyclopedia: Uranium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		U is used as the fuel for nuclear reactors and the explosive material for nuclear weapons.
		Core of a nuclear reactor A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate (as opposed to a nuclear explosion, where the chain reaction occurs in a split second).
		A heavy, silvery-white, toxic, metallic, and naturally-radioactive element, uranium belongs to the actinide series and its isotope uranium-235 is used as the fuel for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Uranium (2853 words)

	Rosenergoatom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Unit 2 with the AMB-200 reactor of 200 MW installed capacity was connected to the grid in 1967.
		Power-producing unit 3 of Beloyarsk nuclear plant was put in operation on April 8, 1980 and was the first commercial unit with a fast neutron reactor in the world.
		Fast-neutron reactors are environmentally safe and capable to produce electricity by burning power- and weapon-grade plutonium and to “safely” burn (dispose) high-level radioactive waste.
	eng.rosatom.ru /?razdel=181 (449 words)

	A Detailed Glossary of Nuclear Terms and Phrases
		A common type of light water reactor (LWR), where water is allowed to boil in the core thus generating steam directly in the reactor vessel.
		A reactor with little or no moderator and hence utilising fast neutrons and able to utilise fertile material such as depleted uranium.
		A reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained primarily by slow neutrons (as distinct from Fast Neutron Reactor).
	www.sea-us.org.au /glossary.html (1877 words)

	Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The reference reactor concept has a 600 MWth helium-cooled core based on either the prismatic block fuel of the Gas Turbine - Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR) or the pebble fuel of the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR).
		The second option is a closed cycle with a fast-neutron spectrum reactor with full actinide recycle.
		In either option, the reference plant has a 1700 MWe power level, an operating pressure of 25 Mpa, and a reactor outlet temperature of 550°C. Passive safety features similar to those of the simplified boiling water reactor are incorporated.
	gen-iv.ne.doe.gov /Thermal-SpectrumReactors.asp (318 words)

	Magical thinking \| thebulletin.org
		For example, the absorption of a neutron by the nucleus of radioactive iodine 129 (with a half-life of 16 million years) triggers a three-phase process by which it ultimately becomes stable, non-radioactive xenon gas.
		Existing light-water reactors could play only a very limited role in transmutation, because their designs are not fully compatible with the necessary physics.
		Of the 11 medium and large breeder reactors that have been built worldwide, one did not open, one remains closed because of an accident, five are permanently shut (one because of a partial meltdown), one will soon close, and one is on standby.
	www.thebulletin.org /article.php?art_ofn=ma01makhijani (3703 words)

	Glossary
		Alpha particles are helium nuclei, with 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
		Atoms have a nucleus consisting of positively-charged protons and uncharged neutrons of the same mass.
		About one third of the energy in a light water reactor comes from the fission of Pu-239, and this is the main isotope of value recovered from reprocessing used fuel.
	www.uic.com.au /nip30.htm (2713 words)

	Alternate View Column AV-79
		In a high flux of fast neutrons, however, the actinides have a high probability of transmutation leading to fission, and thus can be "burned" to eliminate the A waste, producing energy in the process.
		Neutrons produced by spallation of heavy nuclei by the particle beam are "amplified" in surrounding uranium or thorium, leading to a "hot " region near the particle beam where the density of neutrons is high enough to burn actinides.
		While a breeder reactor generates heat and fast neutron flux that is broadly distributed over the whole reactor core, the particle-beam activated reactor produces heat and a very high flux of fast neutrons in a localized region.
	www.npl.washington.edu /AV/altvw79.html (2105 words)

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