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Topic: Fatherland Front (Bulgaria)

	Bulgaria - MSN Encarta
		Bulgaria entered World War I in 1915 on the side of the Central Powers, but was forced to agree on an armistice with the Allies (see Allied Powers) in September 1918.
		Bulgaria declared war on Greece and Yugoslavia in April, shortly afterward occupying all of Yugoslav Macedonia, Grecian Thrace, eastern Greek Macedonia, and the Greek districts of Florina and Kastoría.
		Under pressure from the Soviets, Bulgaria renounced its treaty of friendship with Yugoslavia after the Soviet-Yugoslavian rift in 1948; relations with the country and its successor states have since continued to fluctuate, as have those with neighboring Greece and Turkey.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761556147_9/Bulgaria.html (1904 words)

	Bulgaria HISTORY
		Bulgaria rose again as a major Balkan power in the 12th and 13th centuries, especially under Ivan Asen II (r.1218–41), who had his capital at Turnovo.
		In late 1982 and 1983, Bulgaria became a center of international attention because of allegations by Italian investigators that Bulgarian agents were involved in the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II at the Vatican on 13 May 1981.
		Bulgaria's first non-Communist government since World War II was led by Filip Dimitrov, of the UDF; however, most of his ministers were chosen for technical expertise, rather than party affiliation.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Bulgaria-HISTORY.html (2564 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Bulgaria was ruled by the Byzantine Empire from 1018 to 1185 and the Ottoman Empire from 1396 to 1878.
		In 1879, Bulgaria adopted a democratic constitution and invited a German nobleman, Alexander of Battenburg, to be prince.
		Bulgaria tried to avoid open conflict with the Soviet Union during the war, but the U.S.S.R. invaded in 1944 and placed the Fatherland Front in control of government.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/eur/bulgaria9810.html (3072 words)

	Search Results for "Bulgaria"
		Bulgaria By the end of the 19th century, Bulgaria's population had reached 4.3 million, which served to increase rural discontent.
		Bulgaria Republic in southeastern Europe in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, bordered by Romania to the north, the Black Sea to the east, Turkey to the...
		Bulgaria (See 1943, Aug. 29) 1945, Nov. 18 The first general election gave overwhelming support to the single list of the Fatherland Front, a wartime coalition...
	bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Bulgaria (305 words)

	Bulgaria.com - History of Bulgaria, World War II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Despite its newly reconstructed troops Bulgaria was aware that their strength and their arms would not be enough to guarantee the security of the country, less so the attainment of the 'national ideals' - the restitution of the Bulgarian territories lost in 1913 and in 1918.
		As a matter of fact, Bulgaria was the only country in the Axis bloc whose ruling circles had firmly withheld their consent to the dispatch of even one single soldier to either the Eastern or any of the other fronts in the West.
		This enabled Bulgaria to live at greater ease to see the peace conference at which it would no longer be looked upon as an ordinary satellite to the fascist bloc.
	www.bulgaria.com /history/bulgaria/war2.html (1666 words)

	Bulgarian Armed Forces of WWII.
		Bulgaria also co-participated in the occupation of the remainder of Serbia (until September of 1944), while some Bulgarian units were dispatched to Bosnia-Hercegovina for anti-partisan operations.
		On 17/06/1942, under the initiative of G. Dimitrov, the Fatherland Front was founded and it went on to play a major role in the development of the movement for liberation.
		On 10/09/1944 Bulgaria declared war on Germany and took an active part in the war's last phases, in the operations that resulted in liberation of Jugoslavia, Hungary, and Austria (Bulgaria signed a formal armstice with the countries of the Anti-Axis Coalition on 28/10/1944).
	members.tripod.com /~marcin_w/index-bul.html (1977 words)

	EUROPA - Enlargement: Candidate Country: Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Bulgaria is divided in 28 regions, each headed by a regional governor, who is appointed by the Government.
		Bulgaria was hit by a series of heavy rains between May and August 2005 leading to massive floods in large parts of the country.
		Bulgaria, member of the NATO since 2004, has currently also a battalion of several hundred soldiers (under Polish command) in Iraq, but is going to withdraw them in the first quarter of 2006.
	europa.eu.int /comm/enlargement/bulgaria/political_profile.htm (1343 words)

	Bulgaria - COMMUNISM
		Once the United States ratified its peace treaty with Bulgaria in June 1947, the communist-dominated Fatherland Front arrested and executed Petkov and declared Bulgaria a communist state.
		In 1948 the Fatherland Front was reorganized into an official worker-peasant alliance in accordance with Cominform policy.
		Two purposes of the grandiose revised plan were to keep Bulgaria in step with the Soviet bloc, all of whose members were embarking on plans for accelerated growth, and to quell internal party conflicts.
	countrystudies.us /bulgaria/20.htm (2017 words)

	World Homes Network - Bulgaria
		Bulgaria allied itself with Germany during World War I. From 1919 a government of the leftist Agrarian Party introduced land reforms, but was overthrown 1923 by a fascist coup.
		In 1946 the monarchy was abolished, and a republic was proclaimed under a communist- leaning alliance, the Fatherland Front, led by Georgi Dimitrov (1882- 1949).
		Bulgaria's relations with neighbouring Turkey deteriorated during 1989, following the flight of 300,000 ethnic Turks from Bulgaria to Turkey after the Bulgarian government's violent suppression of their protests at the programme of `Bulgarianization´ (forcing them to adopt Slavic names and resettle elsewhere).
	www.world-homes.net /atlas/europe/Eastern/bulgaria.htm (1317 words)

	Tourism Bulgaria - Explore Bulgaria - History
		Bulgaria's name is derived from a Turkic people, the Bulgars, who originated in the steppe north of the Caspian Sea.
		Although the name Bulgaria is not of Slavic origin, the Slavic people, who had entered the Balkan Peninsula earlier, absorbed the invading Turkic people and were, in large measure, the precursors of the present-day Bulgarians.
		Bulgaria's involvement in these wars was partly due to its ambitions for an outlet to the Aegean Sea and its desire to annex Macedonian and Thracian territory held by Greece, Yugoslavia, and Turkey.
	home.arcor.de /tourismbulgaria/documents/explore/history/history.htm (664 words)

	Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Bulgaria regained part of Macedonia after the two Balkan Wars and entered both World War I and World War II on the side of Germany in the hopes of regaining the rest of Macedonia.
		Bulgaria was to suffer heavily from the World Wars; the inter-war period was one of economic and political instability and in 1935, Tsar Boris declared a royal dictatorship.
		In 1943, the Fatherland Front (a communist organisation) was established and, with the Soviet invasion in 1944, they became the government of Bulgaria.
	scic.cec.eu.int /Main/enlargement/lan_pres/bulg_03.htm (671 words)

	Bulgaria - a brief history outline - The Open dictatorship
		Three political wings became manifest during the war, albeit not always as well-organized bodies; these were the wing of the monarcho-fascist dictatorship, of the legal bourgeois and petty-bourgeois opposition, and of the underground or partially legal anti-fascist opposition.
		Bulgaria's communists did not stand aside from any international campaign of support for the Soviet Union, of resistance to fascism and for democratic fredoms either before or during the war.
		In 1942, the radio station Hristo Botev, broadcasting from outside Bulgaria, announced the Programme of the Fatherland Front, which envisaged the most necessary steps: getting out of the Axis which had proved fatal to Bulgaria, the liquidation of the monarchy, and the restoration of democratic rights and freedoms in the country.
	www.digsys.bg /books/history/open.html (831 words)

	History of Modern Bulgaria : Communist Regime
		Bulgaria closely followed the Soviet Union in its domestic and foreign policies; after the expulsion of Yugoslavia from the Cominform in 1948, Bulgaria sided with the USSR.
		Bulgaria aided the USSR in the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968.
		Bulgaria had now joined the rest of Eastern Europe in removing the old communist guard and embarking on the road to democracy.
	www.geocities.com /nbulgaria/bulgaria/history5.htm (816 words)

	President's Trip to Europe: Background Information: Bulgaria
		Bulgaria's economy contracted dramatically after 1989 with the collapse of the COMECON system and the loss of the Soviet market, to which the Bulgarian economy had been closely tied.
		Bulgaria has good relations with its neighbors and has proved to be a constructive force in the region under socialist and democratic governments alike.
		Bulgaria serves as coordinator for the South Balkan Development Initiative, which is funded through the U.S. Trade and Development Agency to promote infrastructure development in Bulgaria, Albania, and The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
	clinton3.nara.gov /WH/New/Europe-9911/background/bulgaria.html (3396 words)

	Bulgaria - Postwar Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		According to the Yalta agreements of 1945, the Allied Control Commission for Bulgaria, assigned to administer the country until a peace treaty was signed, was essentially an extension of the Red Army military administration.
		Accusing the remaining noncommunist senior officers of plotting to overthrow the Fatherland Front, the BCP dismissed one-third of the officer corps.
		Bulgaria joined the Warsaw Pact on May 14, 1955, and contributed a token battalion to the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia on August 20, 1968.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-2027.html (557 words)

	Background Notes: Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Bulgaria is a major tobacco producer-the fourth largest exporter of tobacco and the largest exporter of cigarettes (mainly to the Soviet Union).
		Bulgaria's main interest in trade with the West is to import technology to modernize its industrial base and to use more efficiently raw materials and energy.
		Bulgaria's net debt to the developed Western countries increased to $7-$7.5 billion by the end of 1989 because of growing purchases of Western goods.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/eur/bulgaria9001.html (4426 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Bulgaria
		Jewish refugees came to Bulgaria from Bavaria, which had banished them in 1470, and, according to various travelers, Judeo-German was heard for a long time in the streets of Sofia.
		Bulgaria recognized the State of Israel upon its establishment, and formed diplomatic ties with her.
		Bulgaria strictly follows the political line of the U.S.S.R., including its attitude to Israel and diplomatic ties continue to be severed.
	jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/bulgaria.html?...&action=edit (6049 words)

	The "Flower of Seven Colours" in the town of Marcali
		The first general census in united Bulgaria was carried out on December 31, 1887 (the date is only given for the sake of convenience, the census actually lasted several months) and in 1888 50 191 Gypsies were reported (31 986 in the former territory of the Principality and 18 305 in former Eastern Rumelia), i.e.
		In Bulgaria during this period, the majority lived in the countryside (more than two thirds of the total number); they were probably wandering Gypsies, some of them with permanent winter residence in the villages were also assigned to this group.
		Sedentarization in Bulgaria took place (it is not clear whether deliberately or accidentally) in the winter period when the nomads were in their winter settlements and authorities let them choose their own places of permanent settlement.
	www.osi.hu /esp/rei/Bulgaria_Marushiakova-Popov.html (14505 words)

	Fatherland -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Use of the word "fatherland" (or rather, its cognates in languages like German and Russian--though Russia also has "motherland") certainly does not by itself imply that anyone using it is an ethnic nationalist or even slightly supports ethnic nationalist views.
		''Fatherland'' is a 1992 thriller novel by the English writer and journalist Robert Harris which doubles as a work of virtual history and postulates a world in which Nazi Germany was triumphant in World War II.
		Fatherland's Home (''Dom Ojczysty'') is a small political group in Polish parliament, MPs elected from the Liga Polskich Rodzin electoral committee.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/53/fatherland.html (1243 words)

	[No title]
		After the Liberation of Bulgaria from the Turks in 1878, serious efforts were initiated to draft a modern Penal Code for the newly-born Bulgarian state.
		The activities of the National Police are regulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria, the National Police Act, the Decree of the Council of Ministers for the application of the National Police Act, and by other statutes and regulations.
		Bulgaria is also a party in extradition conventions with Belgium, Germany and the United States.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /bjs/pub/ascii/wfbcjbul.txt (4590 words)

	Damyan Velchev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1936 he was sentenced to death, but his life was spared by King Boris III.
		In 1943 he joined the Fatherland Front, a pro-communist, anti-Axis resistance movement.
		In 1944 the Fatherland Front seized power and Velchev became Minister of Defence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Damyan_Velchev (161 words)

	Post-War Bulgaria
		Unable to gain the protection of the Allies, who had now bypassed Bulgaria in their strategic planning, Bulgaria was caught between onrushing Soviet forces and the last gambits of the retreating Nazis.
		The armistice signed by Bulgaria with the Soviet Union in October 1944 surrendered all wartime territorial gains except Southern Dobruja; this meant that Macedonia returned to Yugoslavia and Thrace to Greece.
		Bulgaria emerged from the war with no identifiable political structure; the party system had dissolved in 1934, replaced by the pragmatic balancing of political factions in Boris's royal dictatorship.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/BulgPW.html (1987 words)

	bulmodww2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		As a result the UK severed diplomatic relations with Bulgaria on 5 March, but it was not until 13 December that Bulgaria declared war on both the UK and the USA; Sofia hoped, in vain, that this would be a 'platonic war'.
		In military terms Bulgaria's contribution to the German conquest of the Balkans was a minor one.
		Support for the Fatherland Front increased as a result of Allied bombing, the advance of the Red Army, and Soviet diplomatic pressure applied in Sofia after April 1944 demanding that Bulgaria leave the Axis.
	www.ucc.ie /staff/jprodr/macedonia/bulmodww2.html (1744 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Bulgaria, 1944-1947 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Sentiment toward the Russians and Communists was favourable in Bulgaria; the people in general were enthusiastically pro-Russian, remembering what Russians had done for Bulgaria in 1878.
		The ACC then proceded to accuse so-called collaborators and war-criminals; despite the fact that Bulgaria had played a restrained role during the war, that it had neither participated in the war against Russia nor handed over its Jewish community to the Germans, a relatively large number of Bulgarians was accused and sentenced.
		In a peace treaty, Bulgaria had to cede all territorial gains it had made in WW II except the southern Dobrudja.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/balkans/bulgaria194447.html (537 words)

	soc.culture.bulgaria FAQ (monthly posting) (part 7/10) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Bulgaria declined under Simeon's successors, and in 1014 the Byzantine emperor Basil II won a battle over the Bulgarian army after which he ordered 14,000 prisoners to be blinded.
		Bulgaria declared "symbolic war" on Great Britain and the United States, but did not send its forces into combat and declined to deport its Jewish population to the death camps in Poland.
		Many figures prominent in Bulgaria's national awakening and in its later cultural, political, and economic life were born in Macedonia and gave no evidence during their lives of considering themselves anything but Bulgarian.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/bulgaria-faq/part7/preamble.html (10354 words)

	Bulgaria - THE EARLY COMMUNIST ERA
		In 1942 the broad Fatherland Front coalition was formed as the communists attempted to involve legal opposition groups in exerting antiwar pressure on the government.
		The ensuing regimes of Dimitrov and Chervenkov defined Bulgaria as a highly conventional communist state and isolated it from nearly all noncommunist commercial and cultural influences.
		A swollen bureaucracy had been traditional in Bulgaria since the modern state was founded in 1878; but previously appointments had depended on membership in the civil service elite, not on membership in a particular party.
	countrystudies.us /bulgaria/44.htm (1139 words)

	11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Four bombs (planted at the front, middle, and rear of a single train) exploded at 7:39 at Atocha station, and three bombs planted on a single train went off simultaneously just outside of Téllez street, near Atocha station.
		The day before the elections there was an illegal demonstration in front of the conservative party [34], accusing the government of lying about the responsibility of the attacks.
		A recent attempt to link ETA to the bombings and to discredit the security forces occurred in May 2006 when the newspaper El Mundo published on its front page that a business card of the Basque firm Mondragón had been found in the van which was used by the terrorists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/11_March_2004_Madrid_attacks (5424 words)

	FAQ server : Bulgaria
		Brzezinski's attitude toward the "constitutional order" in Bulgaria before 1944 In Bulgaria, the Communist Party had the advantage of having enjoyed some measure of popularity in the past and was not handicapped, as in the cases of Poland, Rumania, and Hungary, by nationalist anti-Russian feelings.
		During the war they were instrumental in setting up the Fatherland Front, an organization of anti-Fascist parties dedicated to the overthrow of King Boris' dictatorship.
		When the Soviet Union suddenly declared war on Bulgaria ********** in September 1944, on the eve of a Bulgarian decision to join the Allies, the Fatherland Front** seized power.
	www1.cs.columbia.edu /~radev/cgi-bin/faqserver.cgi?bellbjej (238 words)

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