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Topic: Fathometer

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	Seismic Reflection Methods
		Fathometers are also called Echo Sounders and are similar to reflection seismic profilers in that they also employ an acoustic source and receiver placed immediately beneath the surface of the water.
		Fathometers determine water depth by repeatedly transmitting seismic energy through the water column and recording the arrival time of the reflected energy from the water bottom.
		Fathometers are calibrated by adjusting the value of V, which may vary slightly depending on water type.
	www.freewebtown.com /geophysics2/seis2.html (2920 words)

	USGS OGW, BG: Using Surface Geophysics for Bridge Scour Detection
		Seven lines of the positioned Fathometer data collected at different distances upstream from the piers were used to create a three-dimensional contour plot of the topography of the river bottom upstream from the piers (fig.
		The CSP and 20-kHz Fathometer records did not detect an old scour surface at pier 1 or 2, indicating either that no infilled scour holes were present, or that the fill material was less than 1 ft thick, the maximum resolution of the techniques.
		Fathometer, CSP, and GPR techniques were used to detect and measure the depth and extent of existing and infilled scour holes near bridge piers.
	water.usgs.gov /ogw/bgas/scour (16513 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: Echo Sounding Reading
		Through his amplifier coupled with his invention of the Fathometer, an electro-mechanical sounding instrument, he was able to develop a means of measuring both very shoal water and very deep water with the same instrument.
		His fathometers increased the efficiency of hydrographic surveying for the Coast and Geodetic Survey and also proved to be of great value to the maritime shipping industry.
		The fathometer cannot do that, but as one watches the red flashes he can get some idea of the bottom, for the echoes are less regular from a rocky bottom than from a smooth one.
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /library/readings/echosounding/echosounding.html (2038 words)

	Fishfinder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Early sporting Fathometers for recreational boating used a rotating light at the edge of a circle which then flashed 'synchronized in time' with the received echo (corresponding to depth); these also gave a small flickering flash for echos off of fish.
		Fathometers of this constant recording type are still mandated for all large vessels (100+ tons displacement) in restricted waters (i.e.
		Eventually, CRTs were married with a fathometer for commercial fishing and the fishfinder was born.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fathometer (782 words)

	NOAA History - Tools of the Trade/Surveying and Mapping/Sounding Pole to Sea Beam
		The 412 Fathometer which was installed on the NATOMA and other vessels in 1928, was a striker type instrument which proved unreliable.
		The Dorsey Fathometer No.1 for shoal water work was installed on the LYDONIA in 1934; the Dorsey Fathometer No. 2 for depths greater than 20 fathoms was first installed on the OCEANOGRAPHER and HYDROGRAPHER in 1937; and the Dorsey Fathometer No. 3, which was an all-depth instrument was first installed on the WESTDAHL in 1938.
		In 1940, the 808 Fathometer, which was portable and equipped with a graphic recording device, became the CandGS standard on launches and small boats (Adams 1942).
	www.history.noaa.gov /stories_tales/poletobeam2.html (2907 words)

	boats.com - How To: One-Way Crappie
		Looking over the "saddle" between the submerged point and offshore hump with a fathometer, several irregular turns, "points" and cuts in the deep trough were clearly evident.
		Also, "marks" on the fathometer indicated fish, likely crappie, were suspended in several places where the structure produced short, abrupt drop-offs.
		The electric motor is mounted beside the gas outboard, and the fathometer is positioned at the stern, too.
	www.boats.com /content/default_detail.jsp?contentid=2080 (1822 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The information was entered in the box summarizing the 24-hour drift of the ship, so it has been assumed that this depth measurement was made near 2400 ship's time each day.
		After 5 August, 1998 the fathometer did not give a reading, presumably because of the great depth, and no further readings were entered.
		The fathometer measurements of depth and (after 10 September, 1998) the chart estimates of depth were copied from the log books into a digital file, together with the GMT date and time.
	sheba.apl.washington.edu /sheba3/data/ship_raw_depth.v2.txt (235 words)

	Supplemental Data - Cross Sections of Geist Reservoir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Cross section #7 of Geist Reservoir, central Indiana, from a 1980 fathometer profile (Indianapolis Water Company sedimentation project) and a cross section from the bathymetric surface computed from the 1996 survey.
		Cross section #8 of Geist Reservoir, central Indiana, from a 1980 fathometer profile (Indianapolis Water Company sedimentation project) and a cross section from the bathymetric surface computed from the 1996 survey.
		Cross section #12 of Geist Reservoir, central Indiana, from a 1980 fathometer profile (Indianapolis Water Company sedimentation project) and a cross section from the bathymetric surface computed from the 1996 survey.
	in.water.usgs.gov /bathymetry.web/bath.report.geist.x-sects.html (412 words)

	Bathymetric Surveying with GPS and Heave, Pitch, and Roll Compensation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Laboratory tests of the HPR recorder and fathometer are documented.
		A method for data reduction is developed to account for vertical errors introduced by roll and pitch of the survey vessel, which can be substantial (decimeters).
		The GPS vertical position data are found to be reliable to 2–3 cm and the fathometer to 5 cm in the laboratory.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?9801536 (202 words)

	boats.com - How To: Diggin' "The Ditch"
		Further, this system of fishing is more effective today than ever before because, simply, there are more fish in the ICW now than in the past five or 10 years — undoubtedly due to the net ban (which has increased bait, as well as sportfish).
		Using an electric motor and fathometer, while fishing jigs, plugs and live baits along ICW ledges and fish-holding structures, is remarkably similar to deep-water largemouth bass fishing.
		Without a fathometer you have no idea exactly where ledges are located, so you're literally fishing blind, and therefore not very effectively.
	www.boats.com /content/boat-articles.jsp?contentid=2342 (2502 words)

	[No title]
		Soundings showed the bottom was more than 1,200 feet shallower than on the charts that were in use, a difference of more than 20 percent, the sources said.
		In addition, the ship's fathometer showed the water was shoaling, or getting more shallow with each reading, over an extended period of time, the sources said.
		The team apparently believed it was a faulty reading — moving through the water at 30 mph, fathometer readings can be inaccurate — and the team kept hoping that perhaps the next reading would correlate with the chart.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/.www/rhumblines/rhumblines676.doc (1405 words)

	Fishing Reports, Cabo, May, 1998
		This was a lot of fun especially with the water coming out of the tuna tube directly on to me. No big deal, the installation was a breeze despite being drenched, and I welcomed the tuna tubes.
		With no bottom, the fathometer electronics turns the gain up so high searching for the bottom that the display goes nuts, indicating 5 feet one minute, and 900 the next.
		The fathometer showed the bank rising steeply from 900 feet to about 255 feet then becoming very flat.
	www.catchbillfish.com /cabo/5_98/report.htm (5089 words)

	MPL - Resources - FLIP - Maintenance
		Structural deficiencies reported by Carderock NSWC engineers following a 1993 inspection were corrected with repairs to the interior hull structure, replacement of exterior deck sections and replacement of 6 sea chests as well as numerous sections of interior air and water piping.
		FLIP was brought into compliance with existing regulations with the installation of an approved sanitation system, fire main system, machinery monitoring system, general announcing system and the removal of wooden structures throughout the platform.
		Material reliability was enhanced with the overhaul of all engines and generators, overhaul of the air compressors, overhaul of the air-conditioning system, replacement of the radar and fathometer, overhaul of all valves and piping systems and replacement of the water-maker.
	www.mpl.ucsd.edu /resources/flip.maintenance.html (402 words)

	LARC Survey System Software and Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		To the right is an example of the raw data which is collected from the GPS receiver (top), which determines the elevation of the LARC relative to a standard elevation, and the fathometer (bottom), which uses sound pulses to map the ocean bottom.
		Speed of sound data is gathered by casting a CTD at multiple locations throughout the survey area since the fathometer readings are dependent upon the speed of sound which can be affected by different water conditions.
		Land points are separated from in water points by first computing the average and standard deviation for all GPS elevations collected when fathometer data indicated that the LARC was floating.
	www.frf.usace.army.mil /larc/larcsoft.stm (689 words)

	Virtual Vacationland: "Hands on" Activity
		In this activity you will see how a fathometer uses sound to measure ocean depth and helps to provide a picture of ocean floor topography.
		When you are finished, you can use the information you learned about a fathometer to understand how scientists use an altimeter to measure sea surface topography.
		It is also sometimes used in expressing horizontal distances, in which case 120 fathoms make one cable, or very nearly 0.1 nautical mile.
	www.bigelow.org /virtual/handson/fathometer.html (1313 words)

	Position Velocity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The corrected time series of positions, together with positions and velocity components estimated from a cubic spline interpolation, comprise the SPO ice station position and velocity time series.
		The depth of the ocean bottom beneath the "Des Groseilliers" was measured once per day from 3 April, 1998 to 8 August, 1998, using the ship's acoustic fathometer.
		A plot comparing the ETOPO5 and Ship's Fathometer readings provides an indication of the magnitude of depth errors likely to be associated with the time series of interpolated ETOPO5 data.
	sheba.apl.washington.edu /sheba3/data/pos_vel_bath.html (309 words)

	@Sea - Fathoming the Gulf Stream
		The fathometer shows peaks, presumably lithoherms or Lophelia reef, plus some unexpected features, including valleys and fissures hundreds of feet deep, depicted by the blue, purple, and green imagery presented by the fathometer's display.
		We flew over some of the smaller ridges and valleys and found a good flat area for Edie (Dr. Widder) to deploy her Eye-in-the-Sea camera and collected some samples that might be bioluminescent.
		The samples are moved quickly from the sub to the wet lab for processing.
	www.at-sea.org /missions/fathoming/day2.html (862 words)

	SFE_Act_Fathometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Fathometers are devices that use SONAR to measure ocean depth and bathymetry.
		Ask your students to place medium-sized rocks inside shoeboxes, so that the bottom is covered and they can put the lids on the boxes.
		This wire or dowel represents the sound wave that measures depth in a fathometer.
	www.ocean-institute.org /edu_programs/materials/P/Equ/E_A/SFE_Act/SEF_AFath.htm (183 words)

	USS San Francisco Runs Aground
		In a January 2004 inspection, the USS San Francisco crew did not properly use its fathometer warning system and its electronic Voyage Management System, or VMS, which were both factors in the accident a year later, according to the report, a copy of which was provided to The Day.
		In August 2004, during another inspection, the San Francisco navigation team was found deficient in the chart review process, and in a certification process in October 2004, the team failed to adequately highlight hazards to navigation on the charts, the report found.
		Four minutes after it submerged, that routine was shattered one week ago today as the San Francisco crashed into an undersea mountain at more than 35 mph, sending sailors crashing into equipment and bulkheads and destroying the bow dome and three of the main ballast tanks at the front of the sub.
	www.ssbn611.org /uss_san_francisco.htm (11173 words)

	Mississippi River Channel Patrol
		An on-board fathometer interface allows depth data to be collected at user-specified distance or time intervals.
		The depth data of objects and digitized areas are stored in the database record along with position.
		Collected fathometer data is stored as individual jobs and can be viewed or exported for further analysis.
	www.riversrus.com /patrol.htm (233 words)

	Navy Faults Navigational Procedures in Crash of Sub (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		I don't know what kind of fathometer sunmarines have, but I know that I am doubtful of the ability of my fathometer to consistantly track at 30 kts with a water depth of 1000 fathoms.
		The way that a chart is made is for the fathometer readings to be plotted on a chart.
		My experience with fathometers, from sailing today and being on the sea and anchor detail of our ship, is that the accuracy of the fathometer is effected by the material it's reflecting from.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1380422/posts (7415 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Fathometer invented by Herbert Grove Dorsey of the Sub Signal Corporation.
		Operator using Dorsey Fathometer with flashing light method.
		Prototype "portable" depth recorder used as part of 808 fathometer system.
	www.photolib.noaa.gov /historic/c&gs/thind27.htm (464 words)

	NRL - Through-The-Sensors Concepts to Refresh the Environmental Picture
		Classification of surficial seafloor sediments has been demonstrated using normal incidence beams from the UQN-4 fathometer on mine countermeasures (MCM) ships, the BQN-17 submarine fathometer, and the AQS-20 mine-hunting system.
		Real-time processing and display of seismic stratigraphy and inferred sediment parameters are used for situational awareness in real time.
		UQN-4 fathometer display is located in the Chart Room, and the BSC display is located in the Combat Information Center (CIC) for real-time visualization of bottom type.
	www.nrl.navy.mil /content.php?P=03REVIEW91 (790 words)

	Submarine Sonar Operator's Manual - Chapter 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From the projector, a cable runs up to the depth-sounding indicator, which is located in the control room.
		This is called a fathometer, because it is marked off in fathoms instead of yards.
		It is practically the same as the range indicator used in echo ranging.
	www.hnsa.org /doc/fleetsub/sonar/chap9.htm (207 words)

	Raytheon Anschütz Product Index
		Raytheon Company was founded in the 1920's and even in these early days it had its vision firmly sighted on achieving excellence in marine electronics.
		In 1923 the world's first Fathometer Depth Sounder was introduced.
		The first commercial installation of the Fathometer was onboard the SS Berkshire in 1924.
	www.raytheon-marine.de /highseas/company_information/hist_body.html (1314 words)

	@Sea - Fathoming the Gulf Stream
		After two days on the Charleston Bump, the R/V Seward Johnson departed for the Lophelia bank some 85 miles off the coast of Savannah, Georgia, and about 80 nautical miles from our coordinates on the Bump, Transiting through the night, we reached Site 3 at about 07:00 Sunday morning.
		Paula Keener-Chavis, National Education Coordinator and marine biologist with NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration, team up to take fathometer transects of the bottom, Small peaks about 30 feet high appear on the fathometer, and John requests that Paula record waypoints on the sub tracker as each one is revealed.
		A few moments later a new rise begins appear from the right-hand side of the display, and reveals a significant feature about 200 feet high.
	www.at-sea.org /missions/fathoming/day8.html (823 words)

	New England Wireless and Steam Museum Mission, Fessenden
		He invented and patented the heterodyne principle in 1902, a high-density car parking system, and a light weight air cooled engine.
		He later joined the Submarine Signal Company in Boston and invented the Fathometer.
		One of his accomplishments was the invention of the Fathometer.
	users.ids.net /~newsm/Wireless/Fessenden/Fessenden.html (422 words)

	Biology 124 Online Project: Measurements: Depth & Profile
		Until 1993 most of the hydrographic (ocean bottom) maps from Santa Barbara Harbor north for many miles were done with a hand held sounder
		Electronically by sending a sound from the boat and receiving the sound waves that bounce back from the bottom, the depth is read from a paper chart moving through the fathometer calibrated to record the depth
		The fathometer itself is on the boat we will use for our trawl lab, today there are several pieces from the chart
	www.biosbcc.net /ocean/bio124project/measure07.htm (183 words)

	Navigational Lights
		Ships are equipped with a sonic fathometer, whose
		The fathometer sends out a signal, which bounces off
		In spite of its small size, the fathometer gives a
	www.tpub.com /content/administration/14067/css/14067_34.htm (236 words)

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