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Topic: Fault

	The San Andreas Fault
		In detail, the fault is a complex zone of crushed and broken rock from a few hundred feet to a mile wide.
		The fault zone is marked by distinctive landforms that include long straight escarpments, narrow ridges, and small undrained ponds formed by the settling of small blocks within the zone.
		During the 1906 earthquake in the San Francisco region, roads, fences, and rows of trees and bushes that crossed the fault were offset several yards, and the road across the head of Tomales Bay was offset almost 21 feet, the maximum offset recorded.
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/earthq3/safaultgip.html (2265 words)

	SAN ANDREAS FAULT ZONE
		Here the San Andreas fault interacts with other faults (most notably the San Jacinto fault zone and the Pinto Mountain fault) and thereby becomes somewhat fractured, over the distance extending from just north of San Bernardino to just north of Indio, some 110 kilometers (70 miles).
		Fault rupture mechanics are still not well understood, however, and the discontinuity could prove to have little effect on tempering a major earthquake on this southern stretch of the San Andreas fault zone.
		It should be noted that due to the complexity of this area, many researchers have used different nomenclature for the local faults, and placed the dividing lines between certain named fault segments in varying places.
	www.data.scec.org /fault_index/sanandre.html (444 words)

	Hayward fault tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The other type is a very slow movement of the fault, a few millimeters or a fraction of an inch a year that does not generate earthquakes.
		This slow movement, called fault creep (or tectonic creep) can easily be observed where cultural features such as streets, curbs, and buildings straddle the Hayward fault and are deformed by the slow movement.
		Fault creep is most easily recognized where curbs and other structures are bent in a specific direction called right-lateral offset.
	www.mcs.csuhayward.edu /~shirschf/tour-1.html (318 words)

	fault. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Movement along a fault plane may be vertical, horizontal, or oblique in direction, or it may consist in the rotation of one or both of the fault blocks, with most movements associated with mountain building and plate tectonics.
		All types of faults have been recognized on the ocean floor: normal faults occur in the rift valleys associated with mid ocean ridges spreading at slow rates; strike-slip faults appear between the offset portions of mid-ocean ridges; and thrust faults occur at subducting plate boundaries.
		Faults create interpretation problems for geologists by altering the relations of strata (see stratification), such as making the same rock layer offset in two vertical cross sections of a formation or making layers disappear altogether.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fa/fault.html (447 words)

	Fault - LoveToKnow 1911
		Faults are to be distinguished from joints and fissures by the fact that there must have been a movement of the rock on one side of the fault-plane relatively to that on the other side.
		The perpendicular distance between the crop of the bed (dike or vein) on opposite sides of the fault is the " offset." The offset decreases with increasing angle of dip and increases with increase in the throw of the fault (fig.
		Faults crossing folded strata cause the outcrops to approach on the upthrow side of a syncline and tend to separate the outcrops of an anticline (figs.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Fault (2100 words)

	Fault Tree Analysis (FTA, System Analysis) Basics
		Fault tree analysis is one of many symbolic "analytical logic techniques" found in operations research and in system reliability.
		Fault tree diagrams (or negative analytical trees) are logic block diagrams that display the state of a system (top event) in terms of the states of its components (basic events).
		The basic constructs in a fault tree diagram are gates and events, where the events have an identical meaning as a block in an RBD and the gates are the conditions.
	www.weibull.com /basics/fault-tree (1294 words)

	Geologic fault at AllExperts
		A fault where the main sense of movement (or slip) on the fault plane is vertical is known as a dip-slip fault.
		Reverse faults are indicative of shortening of the crust.
		The fault plane is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault.
	en.allexperts.com /e/g/ge/geologic_fault.htm (791 words)

	Oilfield Glossary: Term 'fault'
		A growth fault is a type of normal fault that forms during sedimentation and typically has thicker strata on the downthrown hanging wall than the footwall.
		A strike-slip fault in which the block across the fault moves to the right is described as a dextral strike-slip fault.
		Some fault surfaces contain relatively coarse rubble that can act as a conduit for migrating oil or gas, whereas the surfaces of other faults are smeared with impermeable clays or broken grains that can act as a fault seal.
	www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com /Display.cfm?Term=fault (428 words)

	Software Fault Tolerance
		Software fault tolerance is the ability for software to detect and recover from a fault that is happening or has already happened in either the software or hardware in the system in which the software is running in order to provide service in accordance with the specification.
		This inherent issue, that software faults are the result of human error in interpreting a specification or correctly implementing an algorithm, creates issues which must be dealt with in the fundamental approach to software fault tolerance.
		Fault tolerance is defined as how to provide, by redundancy, service complying with the specification in spite of faults having occurred or occurring.
	www.ece.cmu.edu /~koopman/des_s99/sw_fault_tolerance/index.html (3613 words)

	USGS Photo Glossary: fault
		Faults are fractures or fracture zones in the Earth's crust along which one side moves with respect to the other.
		A fault scarp is a cliff or steep slope that sometimes forms along the fault at the surface.
		There are many types of faults (for example, strike-slip, normal, reverse, and thrust faults) ranging in size from a few tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers in dimension.
	volcanoes.usgs.gov /Products/Pglossary/fault.html (140 words)

	Where are the Fault Lines in the United States East of the Rocky Mountains?
		However, as I'll explain later (Faults and Earthquakes East of the Rocky Mountains), fault lines are not a particularly reliable guide to earthquakes or earthquake hazards east of the Rockies.
		Faults come in all sizes, from small ones whose short fault lines you can see in a single road cut, to huge faults whose long fault lines can be seen best in pictures taken from orbiting satellites.
		We also know that there are many faults hidden underground that are large enough to generate damaging earthquakes, but which are also too small to extend from earthquake depths all the way up to ground level where we have the best chance of seeing the faults.
	earthquake.usgs.gov /learning/topics/faults_east.php (2098 words)

	BSL FAQ: Fault
		Earth scientists use the angle of the fault with respect to the surface (known as the dip) and the direction of slip along the fault to classify faults.
		Faults which move along the direction of the dip plane are dip-slip faults and described as either normal or reverse, depending on their motion.
		Faults which move horizontally are known as strike-slip faults and are classified as either right-lateral or left-lateral.
	seismo.berkeley.edu /seismo/faq/fault_0.html (415 words)

	Savage Earth: Restless Planet
		The infamous San Andreas fault is not a single crack where the North American and Pacific plates slide past each other.
		The fault that let loose the 1994 Northridge earthquake was a dip-slip fault, at which a block of crust slid up the shallow ramp of another.
		But when a fault is stuck, the rocks on either side of it store the building stresses until a critical limit is reached, and the rocks move suddenly along the fault, releasing the stresses like a spring uncoiling.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/savageearth/earthquakes (1193 words)

	No-Fault Divorce Kit
		But if you and your spouse have come to the difficult conclusion that divorce is the only answer, this kit will SAVE YOU time, heartache and hundreds of dollars in legal fees.
		o-fault divorce is just as it sounds - neither party is at fault.
		Some states call a no-fault divorce a "dissolution".
	www.divorcekit.com (1073 words)

	DevPartner Fault Simulator - Analyze error-handling code and simulate environmental and .NET framework faults - home ...
		And because all faults are tested accurately in a simulated environment, you stay confident that your application code remains safe, production ready, and will perform as planned.
		DevPartner Fault Simulator 2.0 now offers several new features and components to help developers and QA engineers substantially improve the quality of their code.
		Visible in the source window, DevPartner Fault Simulator 2.0 informs the user what exceptions can be thrown from any method call and automatically add the appropriate try/catch block template code to handle these exceptions.
	www.compuware.com /products/devpartner/fault-simulator.htm (388 words)

	CSC: Fault Evaluator
		Insureds are typically found to be 0 percent at fault or 100 percent at fault by claims adjusters.
		Fault Evaluator, provides the adjuster an expert system tool that is easy to use, offering consistency within a detailed investigative approach.
		Fault Evaluator provides access to Westlaw, a legal resource, to identify the negligence statutes and rules of the road for the accident state.
	www.csc.com /industries/insurance/mds/mds221/405.shtml (408 words)

	fault — FactMonster.com
		fault, in geology, fracture in the earth's crust in which the rock on one side of the fracture has measurable movement in relation to the rock on the other side.
		Movement along a fault plane may be vertical, horizontal, or oblique in direction, or it may consist in the rotation of one or both of the fault blocks, with most movements associated with mountain building and
		Normal faults are formed by tensional, or pull-apart, forces.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0818338.html (466 words)

	:: SCRIPPSNEWS : NEW SCRIPPS STUDY REVEALS SAN ANDREAS FAULT SET FOR THE 'BIG ONE'
		One result of the study shows that the southern section of the fault is overdue in its "interseismic period," or cycle of earthquake activity.
		He calculated the rate at which the fault is moving and estimated the "fault slip rate," the pace of the plate movement at the fault, at about an inch per year.
		Fialko's analysis of the San Jacinto Fault, which winds through populated areas in San Bernardino, Riverside and Borrego Springs, found that it is moving at roughly twice the speed of previous estimates and thereby its propensity for earthquakes is greatly enhanced.
	scrippsnews.ucsd.edu /article_detail.cfm?article_num=736 (1345 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- fault - AOL Research & Learn
		In dip-slip faults the term hanging wall is used for the side that lies vertically above the other, called the footwall.
		A fault in which the hanging wall moves down and the footwall is stationary is called a normal fault.
		To mark the Hubble Telescope's 17th anniversary, astronomers released this new image of the Carina Nebula, where stars are being born.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/fault/20051206010709990002 (436 words)

	No-Fault Divorce
		Then, if she still chose to proceed with the divorce, she would have to prove that Joe was at fault for the marriage's failure by demonstrating that, for example, he had committed adultery, abused drugs or alcohol, or committed "significant or repetitive mental abuse" of her or her children.
		"Fault gives you the kind of leverage that a labor union has with the capacity to strike," she says.
		While fault proponents argue that divorce causes psychological problems in children, there is evidence to the contrary.
	www.aamft.org /Press_Room/Press_releases/risk.asp (2434 words)

	Plate Tectonics -- Three Types of Faults (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A divergent fault occurs when two plates are moving away from each other.
		A fault that occurs when two plates slide past each other is known as a transform fault.
		hat happens at a fault boundary depends, in part, on whether the adjacent plates are made of continental or oceanic crust.
	observe.arc.nasa.gov /nasa/earth/tectonics/Tectonics3.html (116 words)

	ScienceDaily: Hidden Fault May Contribute To Bay Area Earthquake Risk
		The San Andreas fault runs on the west, while the Hayward fault is on the east and shifts into the Rodgers Creek fault northeast of the city.
		The slip rate on the Hayward fault is about 9 millimeters a year and the slip on the Rodgers Creek fault is probably 6 to 9 millimeters a year, according to Furlong.
		Adding in the San Gregorio fault slip of about 3 millimeters a year, the slip rate on the northern San Andreas is still inconsistent with the southern portion of the fault by as much as 4 millimeters per year.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/12/041219171728.htm (1384 words)

	ABAG Bay Area Fault Rupture Hazard Info
		Because faults are weaknesses in the rock, earthquakes tend to occur over and over on these same faults.
		The California Geological Survey publishes maps of the active faults in the Bay Area that reach the surface as part of its work to implement the requirements of the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone Act.
		Fault information in these digital files is not sufficient to serve as a substitute for the geological site studies required under Chapter 7.5 of Division 2 of the California Public Resources Code.
	www.abag.ca.gov /bayarea/eqmaps/faults (299 words)

	No Fault Insurance Benefits
		No Fault or PIP benefits refers to insurance coverage provided by your own automobile insurance policy regardless of who was at fault in the automobile accident.
		In other words, simply because the other driver was at fault does not mean that your insurance will not pay you for your injuries.
		This means that if you are injured in a car accident, it is your insurance that pays the no fault compensation rather than the insurance of the party at fault or even the insurance of the vehicle in which you were riding.
	www.nvo.com /beaulier/caraccidents (1081 words)

	Beware of Simplistic Fault Current Calculations
		Fault current calculations are a critical piece of the electrical design/engineering puzzle for electrical distribution systems in commercial and industrial installations.
		A fault current calculation determines the maximum available current that will be available at a given node, or location, in the system.
		Assuming that the simplistic form of fault current calculations was initially used to size and install the main switchboard, the switchgear would have a fault current rating lower than the maximum available short circuit current and would therefore have to be replaced.
	ecmweb.com /mag/electric_beware_simplistic_fault/index.html (1418 words)

	Hayward Fault: UC Berkeley
		Below is a 1923 contour map of the Berkeley area, from Claremont Creek to UC Berkeley, illustrating the landforms and main trace of the Hayward fault.
		Some of these are taken from the Tour of Hayward Fault put together by Sue Hirschfeld at CSU Hayward, while others were shot by Lea Suzuki for the San Francisco Chronicle as part of a story on a new study on the Hayward fault.
		The sense of motion on the Hayward fault is such that the west half of the stadium (left side of the photograph) is moving north relative to the east side.
	www.seismo.berkeley.edu /seismo/hayward/ucb_campus.html (518 words)

	Recent Earthquakes - Map for Los Angeles
		To see the name of a fault, move your mouse over the fault.
		Red lines are known faults (orange lines are unnamed faults).
		To associate an earthquake with a fault requires viewing both of them in three-dimensions.
	quake.wr.usgs.gov /recenteqs/FaultMaps/Los_Angeles.htm (161 words)

	DAAC Study: Denali's Fault
		The November 3 Denali Fault earthquake was preceded by the magnitude 6.7 Nenana Mountain earthquake on October 23.
		Alaska’s network of faults is a result of tectonic activity; the Pacific Plate is actively subducting (sliding under) the North American Plate, and the Denali Fault is located on the boundary between the two plates.
		Because some of the faults in southeast Alaska are heavily glaciated, Ford and his colleagues are also interested in studying the relationship between glaciers and structural geology.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Study/denali (1567 words)

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