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	Software Fault Tolerance
		Software fault tolerance is the ability for software to detect and recover from a fault that is happening or has already happened in either the software or hardware in the system in which the software is running in order to provide service in accordance with the specification.
		This inherent issue, that software faults are the result of human error in interpreting a specification or correctly implementing an algorithm, creates issues which must be dealt with in the fundamental approach to software fault tolerance.
		Fault tolerance is defined as how to provide, by redundancy, service complying with the specification in spite of faults having occurred or occurring.
	www.ece.cmu.edu /~koopman/des_s99/sw_fault_tolerance (3613 words)

	Fault Tolerance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Reliability and fault tolerance are not the same thing at all, as described in the discussion of RAID array reliability.
		Fault tolerance refers to the ability of a RAID array to withstand the loss of some of its hardware without the loss of data or availability.
		When a fault occurs, the array enters a degraded state and the failed drive must be replaced and rebuilt.
	storagereview.com /guide2000/ref/hdd/perf/raid/concepts/relFault.html (358 words)

	Fault tolerant system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lockstep fault tolerant machines are most easily made fully synchronous, with each gate of each replication making the same state transition on the same edge of the clock, and the clocks to the replications being exactly in phase.
		Implementing Fault Tolerance on Windows Networks - a high-level survey of the different fault tolerant technologies available for Windows Server 2003
		Fault Handling and Fault Tolerance - Articles about software and hardware fault tolerance techniques.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fault-tolerance (850 words)

	5 Putting It All Together (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A fault is the adjudged cause of a failure.
		The goal of fault tolerance is to prevent faults from propagating to the system boundary, where it becomes observable and, hence, a failure.
		Since fault tolerance is redundancy management, however, it becomes a matter of the degree of redundancy desired.
	hissa.nist.gov /chissa/SEI_Framework/framework_20.html (651 words)

	Fault Tolerance Strategy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The approach is to identify applicable fault tolerant techniques and their cost/benefits, and to then develop a means of on-the-fly fault tolerance mode switching of the computer or portions thereof.
		Fault Tolerance and Performability models are being developed for determination of system behavior under fault conditions not easily simulated by fault injection experiments, and for evaluation of fault tolerance strategies and system configurations in target applications/environments.
		Tailoring of generic systems to the power, throughput, and fault tolerance requirements of specific applications without major redesign will be made possible through the use of a portable, non-architecture specific, SIFT middleware and a catalogue of fault tolerance techniques, graded for performance in various types of architectures.
	www-ree.jpl.nasa.gov /fy98_reports/rsft.html (1487 words)

	fault on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Movement along a fault plane may be vertical, horizontal, or oblique in direction, or it may consist in the rotation of one or both of the fault blocks, with most movements associated with mountain building and plate tectonics.
		All types of faults have been recognized on the ocean floor: normal faults occur in the rift valleys associated with mid ocean ridges spreading at slow rates; strike-slip faults appear between the offset portions of mid-ocean ridges; and thrust faults occur at subducting plate boundaries.
		Faults create interpretation problems for geologists by altering the relations of strata (see stratification), such as making the same rock layer offset in two vertical cross sections of a formation or making layers disappear altogether.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/f1/fault.asp (1038 words)

	Library Computer and Network Security: Server Security - Fault Tolerance
		Fault tolerance is a very important security feature to consider, especially when building mission critical servers.
		A system with well established fault tolerance will be invulnerable to any number of different kinds of hardware failures, including the failure of hard drives, network interface cards, controllers, and motherboards.
		Fault tolerance means that one or more components are tolerant to failure.
	infopeople.org /resources/security/servers/fault_tolerance.html (696 words)

	FAULT TOLERANCE
		Fault tolerance involves storing data on multiple hard drives to insure against the failure of any individual drive.
		There are several levels of fault tolerance, referred to as RAID (Random Array of Inexpensive Disks) levels.
		This results in a loss of storage space, but provides for fault tolerance: in the event one disk fails, the data it contained can be reconstructed from the parity information on the other disks.
	morehouse.8m.com /fault.htm (453 words)

	Fault Tolerance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		RAID is a fault tolerant method of storing data, meaning that a failure can occur and the system will still function.
		To be more fault tolerant, more than one controller card may be used to control the mirrored hard drives.
		Somehow this concept is used as a means of fault tolerance.
	www.comptechdoc.org /independent/networking/guide/netfault.html (328 words)

	Fault Tolerance and High Availability (Linktionary term)
		Fault tolerance and high availability is about keeping systems up and running 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, or at least keeping systems up and running with a reasonable amount of performance.
		This fault tolerance was expanded to disk duplexing, in which the disks and disk controllers were duplicated.
		These redundant components not only provided fault tolerance, but also improved performance since disk reads could come from either disk (writes still had to be performed by both disks).
	www.linktionary.com /f/fault_tolerance.html (383 words)

	[No title]
		The goal of the framework for fault tolerance is to offer a generic and flexible architecture for developing reliable distributed applications.
		This means that the fault tolerance mechanisms have to support dynamic reconfiguration of a service regarding migration, partitioning, or replication.
		The core part is a fault tolerant group communication mechanism that uses a generic consensus algorithm interface for providing totally ordered communications.
	www4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de /z/Research/AspectIX/Desc/FTDS (242 words)

	fault tolerance
		Expert useful fault tolerance resources that can be found from one convenient location including fault tolerance tutorials, tips, guides, manuals, articles, and references.
		fault tolerance resources, tips, and information designed to increase your ability to understand fault tolerance.
		Our goal is to provide access to the most helpful and complete sets of fault tolerance resources available on the internet.
	www.1dir.info /disks-and-files/fault-tolerance (113 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Fault Tolerance
		You may implement RAID for fault tolerance and youll almost certainly have a backup program to ensure that there are redundant copies of your critical data.
		Yes, fault tolerance reduces the chance of some errors, but as the system's inherent complexity and level of interaction increases, the chance of an accident increases.
		Fault tolerance comes from the fact that more than one server is hosting an application.
	telecom.surfwax.com /files/Fault_Tolerance.html (4536 words)

	RAID Fault Tolerance
		Expert useful RAID fault tolerance resources that can be found from one convenient location including RAID fault tolerance tutorials, tips, guides, manuals, articles, and references.
		RAID fault tolerance resources, tips, and information designed to increase your ability to understand RAID fault tolerance.
		Our goal is to provide access to the most helpful and complete sets of RAID fault tolerance distributed file system resources available on the internet.
	www.1dir.info /disks-and-files/raid-fault-tolerance (122 words)

	Fault Tolerance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Windows 2000 Professional supports stripe sets but not mirroring or any other fault tolerance exclusive of sector sparing.
		Mirroring is done by clicking on the volume to be mirrored while holding the CTRL key down, then clicking on some free space of equal or greater size while the CTRL key is held down.
		From the fault tolerance menu choose "create stripe set with parity".
	www.comptechdoc.org /os/windows/win2k/win2ktolerance.html (762 words)

	Fault tolerant NT applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fault tolerant applications should be able to detect and recover from system failures that are not handled by the application's underlying hardware or operating system.
		To achieve high availability and reliability with these applications in a distributed network environment, two types of techniques are being used for fault tolerance: transaction processing and process replication.
		With the checkpoint/message logging technique for fault tolerant services the system is routinely checkpointing the server's state onto backup servers or into stable storage.
	www.unisysworld.com /monthly/2000/08/bomb.shtml (1095 words)

	Adaptive Fault Tolerance - Overview
		The fault tolerance solutions considered for AgentScape are inspired from those implemented in the DARX framework.
		DARX (Dynamic Agent Replication eXtension) is based on the idea that fault tolerance mechanisms are costly, even more so in a large-scale environment; this may render the computation so time- and resource-consuming that merely running it would be pointless.
		For instance services such as fault tolerance could be seen as particular resources (shared components) leased on pre-determined conditions (secure usage authorisations, agent priority level,...).
	www.iids.org /research/fault_tolerance (755 words)

	Achieving Fault Tolerance by Using RAID: Storage Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Provides fault tolerance, but at a higher cost (space required is double the amount of data).
		Where a high degree of fault tolerance is required without the cost of the additional disk space needed for a RAID 1 volume.
		This solution is ideal for small to medium organizations that need to add a level of fault tolerance while avoiding the cost of hardware RAID controllers.
	www.microsoft.com /technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/library/DepKit/cb871b6c-8ce7-4eb7-9aba-52b36e31d2a1.mspx (1298 words)

	Module 7: Managing Fault Tolerance
		Fault tolerance is the the ability of a computer or OS to respond to a catastrophic event, such as power outage or a hardware failure, so that no data is lost, and that work in progress is not corrupted.
		NT server configures fault tolerance at the level of the logical drive letter, not the physical disk level.
		When making a mirror set for the boot partition or system partition, a fault tolerant boot disk should be created in case of a physical disk failure.
	www.mcsetr.com /mcse/core/nt_core07.htm (2181 words)

	IFIP WG10.4 on Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance
		Understanding of faults (accidental faults, be physical, design-induced, originating from human interaction; intentional faults) and their effects.
		The concept of WG 10.4 was formulated during the IFIP Working Conference on Reliable Computing and Fault Tolerance on September 27-29, 1979 in London, England, held in conjunction with the Europ-IFIP 79 Conference.
		The WG organized on August 23-24, 2004 a special event entitled Fault Tolerance for Trustworthy and Dependable Information Infrastructures, as part of the series of "Topical Days" held during the 18th IFIP World Computer Congress (WCC-2004) in Toulouse, France (August 22-27, 2004).
	www.dependability.org /wg10.4 (1104 words)

	Fault Tolerance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fault tolerance can be implemented easily by modifying the batch cycle programs to skip errant records, within predefined limits, and write a fault bypassed record to a permanent disk file.
		The only modifications required to make a batch program fault tolerant are addition of the fault record copybook (YWFLTRC), a counter and limit variable, and a call to the PM module YWFLTBC.
		There is also a sample of the implementation of fault tolerance in a PM production program and a sample of the fault records.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~ritterd/technews6.html (551 words)

	A Conceptual Framework for Systems Fault Tolerance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A major problem in transitioning fault tolerance practices to the practitioner community is a lack of a common view of what fault tolerance is, and how it can help in the design of reliable computer systems.
		This document takes a step towards making fault tolerance more understandable by proposing a conceptual framework.
		The framework provides a consistent vocabulary for fault tolerance concepts, discusses how systems fail, describes commonly used mechanisms for making systems fault tolerant, and provides some rules for developing fault tolerant systems.
	hissa.ncsl.nist.gov /chissa/SEI_Framework/framework_1.html (96 words)

	fault tolerance
		This page describes the term fault tolerance and lists other pages on the Web where you can find additional information.
		There are many levels of fault tolerance, the lowest being the ability to...
		Fault Tolerance White Papers: Search or browse to find Fault Tolerance white papers, case studies, webcasts and product literature...
	www.pconly.com /software/fault-tolerance.php (436 words)

	Fault Tolerance and Reconfiguration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The ability to cope with faults is crucial to a large multiprocessor.
		We are pursuing a number of investigations centering on the question of how to cope with faults in machines having large numbers of identical processors.
		One approach to fault tolerance hangs a computer's processors on a reconfigurable network whose switches can be set to avoid faulty processors.
	www.cs.umass.edu /%7Edatta/theoryWWW/FTR.html (345 words)

	[No title]
		While a consumer is connected to the Fault Notifier, it may use the method replace_constraint() to replace a constraint for a given sequence of event types.
		In the case of Fault Tolerant CORBA, this is entirely different: it is precisely when we issue a LOCATE_FORWARD_PERM that we know for sure that the original component is dead, and might never return.
		It is safe, and appropriate, for an ORB to replace any reference that contains the same fault tolerance domain identifier, the same object group identifier and a smaller value of the version of the object group reference." In Section 27.2.3.6 on page 27-18, replace "Follows the semantics above." By: "Follows the semantics for is_equivalent().
	www.omg.org /issues/ft-ftf.html (3380 words)

	Distributed Systems Research Group - Overview
		Byzantine Fault Tolerance: In mission-critical applications, it is prudent to design and implement systems under a highly unrestricted fault assumption, namely, that a failed processor and its processes, in principle, can behave in a fail-uncontrolled manner (in the literature this failure mode is often referred to as the Byzantine failure mode).
		We designed, implemented and patented Byzantine fault tolerant processing elements (Voltan failure masking and fail-silent processes) that used novel replicated processing techniques and algorithms [4,5].
		Our contributions include middleware for non-repudiated information sharing and service invocations [16,17,18], development of fault tolerant fair exchange protocols [19] and techniques for representation of contracts and their monitoring [20, 21, 22, 23].
	arjuna.ncl.ac.uk (854 words)

	Fault Tolerance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fault tolerance is an important issue in any loosely connected distributed system like NetSolve.
		Moreover, the number of side effects generated by such a failure should be as low as possible, and the system should minimize the drop in performance.
		Another aspect of fault tolerance is that it should minimize the side effects of failures.
	www.netlib.org /utk/papers/nhse-netsolve/node17.html (396 words)

	Fault Tolerance and Distributed Computing Technology
		The concept of a Disaster Tolerance Practice may be ahead of the curve but it is not complex.
		As part of an overall continuity plan, disaster tolerance means preparedness and protection for your business.
		John Mahon, distinguished professor of management at the University of Maine School of Business, says the survival of a company is tied to how it responds to a crisis.
	www.disastertolerance.com /disastertolerance.htm (290 words)

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