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Topic: Fault tree

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	Implementation of a fault tree method
		Information concerning a fault in a process can be broken down to components using a tree diagram where a so-called major event forms the root of the diagram and the reasons, contributing to the event taking place, form the branches of the tree.
		The fault tree itself is an organized graphical representation of the conditions or other factors causing or contributing to the occurrence of a defined undesirable event, referred to as the "top event" by IEC 1025 /1/.
		Fault tree analysis is basically a dedecutive (top-down) method of analysis aimed at pinpointing the causes or combinations of causes that can lead to the defined top event.
	www.vtt.fi /rte/projects/rteska/aieng96/aieng962.htm (2181 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - fault tree analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In psycho-analytical literature more has been written on the fear of being alone or the wish to be alone than on the ability to be alone...a...
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	ca.encarta.msn.com /fault_tree_analysis.html (184 words)

	Risk Management of a Petroleum Refining Facility
		This fault tree analysis was used to identify the failure sequences which could lead to process hazards, and the analysts used these results to evaluate the impact of specific hazards on process safety.
		The basis for fault tree analysis is a fault tree, or a logical structure which describes the causal relationship between the basic hardware, human, and environmental events resulting in system failure.
		This fault tree, which is excerpted from one subtree of a much larger model, used deductive logic to identify the overpressure sources (pressure control valve P169CV, its bypass, or pressure regulating valve P98RV failing open) and the pressure relief devices which must be available for mitigation (the process gas handling system or the flare system).
	www.rmpcorp.com /LinkedFiles/RiskManagementOfAPetroleumRefiningFacility.htm (3428 words)

	Risk Analysis Methodologies
		The difference in them is that the qualitative fault tree is looser in structure and does not require use of the same rigorous logic as the formal fault tree[7].
		Event tree analysis[3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 17] is a method for illustrating the sequence of outcomes which may arise after the occurrence of a selected initial event.
		In fact, event tree and fault tree have been widely used to quantify the probabilities of occurrence of accidents and other undesired events leading to the loss of life or economic losses in probabilistic risk assessment.
	home1.pacific.net.sg /~thk/risk.html (3058 words)

	Fault Tree Analysis (FTA, System Analysis) Basics
		Fault tree analysis is one of many symbolic "analytical logic techniques" found in operations research and in system reliability.
		Fault tree diagrams (or negative analytical trees) are logic block diagrams that display the state of a system (top event) in terms of the states of its components (basic events).
		The basic constructs in a fault tree diagram are gates and events, where the events have an identical meaning as a block in an RBD and the gates are the conditions.
	weibull.com /basics/fault-tree (1294 words)

	Franz Inc Customer Applications: Arthur D. Little, Inc.
		Fault tree analysis, first invented by Boeing in the 1960's, was originally used in the nuclear power industry to assess the likelihood of power plant faults.
		Fault tree analysis is a technique used by engineers, designers, and system safety professionals to assess the likelihood of a given event.
		A fault tree is a model that graphically displays all the scenarios in which that event could happen.
	www.franz.com /success/customer_apps/risk_analysis/arthurlittle.lhtml (907 words)

	Healthcare Financial Management: Planning effectiveness may grow on fault trees - strategic planning using an ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		If the focus of a fault tree is threats or problems, building limbs would involve identifying major areas (or subsystems) where problems may cause the overall project (or system) to fail.
		Once constructed, a fault tree is a useful trouble-shooting guide, providing not only an efficient way to eliminate different explanations and to guide data collection but also a structure for estimating the probability that the entire operation or specific subparts will fail.
		Both trees included an "other" category, and study participants were asked to assign to this category the probability of all causes not explicitly identified in their trees.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3257/is_n10_v45/ai_11405666 (1437 words)

	Chemical and Process Engineering Centre
		This exercise essentially examines the structure of the tree to understand the mechanisms of failure to reveal the effectiveness of safeguards, the qualitative importance of various sub-events, and the susceptibility to common-mode failures.
		The fault tree is converted to Boolean expression defining the Top Event in term of a combination of all lower events.
		With the final structure of the fault tree expressed as the sum of all minimal cut sets, it is possible to calculate the Top Event frequency or probability by applying each basic event a frequency or probability.
	www.cpec.nus.edu.sg /myweb/protected/Faultree.htm (504 words)

	manual
		Fault tree analysis is one of several important approaches to probabilistic risk assessment for engineered systems.
		Fault trees have a convenient pictorial representations that are accepted as making it easier for reliability engineers to build, reason about, and validate such models.
		One of Galileo’s strengths is its support for editing fault trees in textual or graphical form (provided that you have the required packages installed on your machine) and to generate one form from the other automatically on demand.
	www.cse.msu.edu /~cse870/Materials/FaultTolerant/manual-galileo.htm (6035 words)

	Fault Tree Analysis software
		Fault tree analysis is a powerful analytical technique that you can use to "deep dive" a particular potential reliability or safety issue.
		Fault tree analysis can also consider multiple concurrent failure modes, or even failure modes that must occur in a given sequence to produce the end effect of interest.
		Fault tree analysis uses a set of graphical symbols to represent the logical and mathematical relationship between events and their lower level inputs or causes.
	www.lambdacorp.com /html/fault_tree.html (1304 words)

	FaultTree+ \| Analyse Fault Trees, Event Trees, and Markov
		FaultTree+ is the world's most popular fault tree software package incorporating fault tree analysis, event tree analysis and markov analysis.
		The fault tree method involves the creation of a fault tree diagram composed of gates and basic events that represents the logical description of a system failure, known as the TOP event, in terms of the failure of the components that comprise the system.
		The event tree model may be created independently of the fault tree model or may use fault tree analysis gate results as the source of event tree probabilities.
	www.faulttree-plus.com (284 words)

	FAULT ISOLATOR TOOL FOR SOFTWARE FAULT TREE ANALYSIS.
		Software Fault Tree Analysis (SETA) is a technique used to analyze software for faults that could lead to hazardous conditions in systems which contain software components.
		A necessary element of a SETA process is the construction of software fault trees based upon the syntactical structure of the software being analyzed.
		This thesis presents the Fault Isolator Tool (FIT), an automated process for locating and isolating those parts of a statement template tree structure generated by the ACTI tool that are related to statements in Ada programs that the analyst selects for evaluation.
	quanterion.com /Documents/Documents.asp?ArgVal=477 (263 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Some have started with a proposed fault or cause and proceeded by means of a diagram, in matrix or flow-sheet form, through the relevant operation steps, chronologically, and ended up with an effect or, where appropriate, several effects.
		FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA) FTA is a deductive technique that focuses on particular accident or failure, and provides a method for determining causes of that event.
		Step 2) Constructing the Fault Tree The FT begins at the Top event and proceeds, level by level, until all fault events have been traced to their basic contributing causes (i.e., basic events).
	www.engr.usask.ca /classes/CHE/311/notes/fta.doc (1824 words)

	Fault Tree Fundamentals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The undesired event is most often the fault which, upon occurrence, results in complete failure of the system, the failure of a back-up system, degradation, or an undetected failure.
		The major fault is a failure which causes loss of availability through the degradation or system shut-down and/or poses a safety hazard to operators and/or maintenance personnel.
		Both faults could be considered failure; however, loss of mobility is obviously a much more severe fault than losing air conditioning.
	elsmar.com /FMEA/sld147.htm (214 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fault tree and digraph models are frequently used for system failure analysis.
		The similarities between digraphs and fault trees permits the information encoded in the digraph to be translated into a logically equivalent fault tree.
		A fault tree basic event node representing the failure of that digraph node is created and becomes a child of the terminal root node.
	www.nttc.edu /cosmic/abstracts/arc-13287.html (761 words)

	Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) - Bass Associates Inc.
		The Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a analytical technique that is used for Reliability, Maintainability and Safety Analysis.
		The logic tree segments leading to a Negative Event, such as an accident, defines all of the things that could go wrong to cause the negative event.
		The logic tree segment leading to a positive event defines all of the things that must work together for the machine to operate or to complete a successful mission.
	www.bassengineering.com /FTA.htm (516 words)

	Fault Tree Analysis
		Fault trees graphically represent the interaction of failures and other events within a system.
		Basic events at the bottom of the fault tree generally represent component and human faults for which statistical failure and repair data is available.
		Fault trees may be used to analyse large and complex systems.
	www.faulttree.org (183 words)

	Computer-Aided Fault-Tree Synthesis for Quantitative Risk Assessments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fault tree analysis (FTA) has been used in the chemical process industry (CPI) for systematic safety and reliability analysis during the past decades.
		Because manual construction of fault trees can be extremely time consuming and vulnerable to human error, automation of fault tree synthesis is highly desirable.
		In particular, the fault tree construction algorithm presented here is based on a component-by-component basis instead of a loop-by-loop or node-by-node basis.
	process-safety.tamu.edu /publications/recent_pub/QRA/QRA4.htm (226 words)

	Using the Fault Tree Method to Analyze Dependent and Independent Failure Modes
		The fault tree for mode B is shown in Figure 2.
		The fault tree for mode B is shown in Figure 5.
		The fault tree in Figure 7 represents the primary failure modes for the component.
	www.weibull.com /hotwire/issue29/hottopics29.htm (1337 words)

	(Schneeweiss W.G.) Advanced Fault Tree Modeling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Abstract: Fault trees show which joint components' faults mean system faults.
		Fault trees can often be used to determine dependability parameters of systems.
		Here it is shown that i) binary decision diagrams (BDDs) can also be used to calculate system mean failure frequency, ii) modeling dynamics of fault trees does not always mean Markov modeling, iii) a deeper understanding of interrelations between s-dependent components is supported, rather, by Petri nets than by state transition graphs.
	www.jucs.org /jucs_5_10/advanced_fault_tree_modeling (98 words)

	Fault Tree Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fault Tree Analysis A fault tree analysis (FTA) is a deductive, top-down method of analyzing system design and performance.
		Fault tree analyses are generally performed graphically using a logical structure of AND and OR gates.
		-------------------------- A Fault Tree Analysis could be used to Identify causes of hardware and software failures, and human error that results in the downtime of computers.
	education.uncc.edu /jagretes/EIST6130ss03_disc12/00000012.htm (156 words)

	Floor Management Netwerk - Tools - Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
		Fault Tree analysis is one of the most widely-used methods in system reliability analysis.
		It is a deductive procedure for determining the various combinations of hardware and software failures, and human errors that could result in the occurrence of specified undesired events (referred to as top events) at the system level.
		The main purpose of a fault tree analysis is to evaluate the probability of the top event using analytical or statistical methods.
	www.floor.nl /management/fta.html (167 words)

	System integrated fault-tree analysis methods (SIFTAN) - Patent 4870575
		This generic fault is particularized to identify which inputs to the program structure identified in 4 will result in the program statement output found in 3.
		The particularized fault tree established in 5 is then examined for the existence of two types of contradictions: Internal and External.
		All input states into the particular program structure fault tree which are not eliminated during the contradiction search steps 6 and 7 become new top-level-events and the process continues at Step 3.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4870575.html (9748 words)

	Industry News: Shuttle tragedy shows value of fault tree analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In light of the February 1 Columbia shuttle tragedy, the importance of fault tree analysis and how it relates to the safety profession has garnered greater interest, says Mark Hansen, CSP, PE, president of the American Society of Safety Engineers.
		"Fault tree analysis is a logical and structured process that can help identify potential causes of system failure before the failures actually occur," says Hansen.
		Fault tree applications are used extensively in analyzing manufacturing equipment, automotive subsystems, aircraft, nuclear power plants, public utilities, or other complex technical systems.
	www.ishn.com /CDA/ArticleInformation/news/news_item/0,2169,93282,00.html (335 words)

	News - FaultTree+ Binary Decision Diagrams
		It is capable of analysing large and complex fault and event trees producing the full minimal cut representation for fault tree TOP events and event tree consequences.
		The benefit of applying the BDD methodology rather than applying traditional kinetic tree methods is that many fault and event trees may be analysed exactly rather than using approximate upper bound methods.
		The method is particularly effective for fault and event trees with relatively few dependent branches.
	www.isograph-software.com /newsbdd.htm (187 words)

	Fault Tree, Fault Tree Analysis Software, FTA Analysis
		A fault tree analysis (FTA) is a deductive, top-down method of analyzing system design and performance.
		Fault trees provide a convenient symbolic representation of the combination of events resulting in the occurrence of the top event.
		Relex Fault Tree/Event Tree enables you to quickly and conveniently create complete fault trees.
	www.relexsoftware.com /resources/faulttree.asp (260 words)

	Fault Tree for Genesis :: Astrobiology Magazine :: Search for Life in the Universe
		The MIB is using a fault tree as its guide.
		A fault tree is a formal method for determining, organizing and evaluating possible direct causes for a mishap and to trace them to root causes.
		The Board's charter is to examine every possible cause and to determine whether it was related to the mishap.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article1246.html (816 words)

	Fault Tree Diagrams and System Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		BlockSim 6 is available in two editions, BlockSim Standard and the FTI (Fault Tree Interface) edition.
		This chapter introduces basic fault tree analysis and points out the similarities (and differences) between reliability block diagrams (RBDs) and fault tree diagrams.
		Fault Tree Analysis, Reliability Block Diagrams and the BlockSim FTI Edition
	www.weibull.com /SystemRelWeb/fault_tree_diagrams_and_system_analysis.htm (80 words)

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