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Topic: Fault Zone

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	Hayward Fault Zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hayward fault is considered to be particularly dangerous due to the poor soil conditions in the alluvial plain that drops from the East Bay Hills to the eastern shoreline of San Francisco Bay.
		In its northern extent the Hayward Fault lies directly beneath the portion of Highway 13 (the Warren Freeway) that is south of its intersection Highway 24 and north of its teminal connection with Highway 580 (the Foothill Freeway).
		Further north the fault is under the centerline of the football field of Memorial Stadium at the University of California, Berkeley.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hayward_Fault_Zone (4021 words)

	New Madrid Seismic Zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The New Madrid Seismic Zone, also known as the Reelfoot Rift or the New Madrid Fault Line, is a major seismic zone located in the Southern United States and Midwestern United States.
		The New Madrid Seismic Zone is made up of reactivated faults that formed when North America began to split or rift apart during the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic Era (about 750 million years ago).
		The zone saw four of the largest North American earthquakes in recorded history, with magnitude estimates greater than 7.0 on the Richter scale, all occurring in a 3 month period.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Madrid_Seismic_Zone (1274 words)

	Seattle Fault Zone - mapping
		The zone is bounded on the north by fault "A" and the syncline on the southern margin of the Seattle basin, which have a similar and distinctive geometry for about 40 km from Lake Washington to Dyes Inlet.
		Fault "A" coincides with an anticlinal axis (steeply dipping synclinal beds are in the footwall), and thus represents an "anticlinal breakthrough" (Suppe and Medwedeff, 1990).
		Fault "C" at the south end of the zone is locally imaged as both a fault and an unbroken fold axis, and is inferred to be a pre-Quaternary structure with some local and minor Quaternary reactivation.
	earthquake.usgs.gov /regional/pacnw/activefaults/sfz/sfzmapping.html (3507 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Although several of the westernmost faults in the zone clearly project under or through the alluvium, the western boundary of the fault is generally considered to be the westernmost mapped fault, which corresponds more or less with the margin of thick unconsolidated surficial deposits.
		The zone is bounded on the east by a series of faults that are the result of deformation not related to the Hayward fault zone, including the Calaveras, Stonybrook, Palomares, Miller Creek, and Moraga faults.
		Faulting in historic time is concentrated near the western margin of the fault zone, except in the Fremont subzone where it diffuses into several sub-parallel faults as it joins the Calaveras fault.
	wrgis.wr.usgs.gov /open-file/of95-597/hfgeo.txt (7143 words)

	Nemaha Strike-Slip Fault Zone by William McBee, Jr., #10055 (2003).
		Generalized fault framework of the area encompassing the Nemaha zone, which lies between, and is terminated by, two northwest-trending, left-lateral megashears, the Central Plains (to the north) and the Oklahoma (to the south).
		The fault on the east is a down-to-the-east reverse fault.
		The east-bounding fault is down-to-the-east (Figure 8), although to the north and south, the relative displacement is down-to-the-west.
	www.searchanddiscovery.net /documents/2003/mcbee/index.htm (2528 words)

	Chapter 3
		With normal faults, the movement is such that the fault plane dips, usually steeply, toward the side of the fault where the rocks have dropped.
		Faults observed at the surface are a warning that the bedrock in an area may be inhomogeneous.
		To the west of the fault zone in the Austin area, at depths of 100 to 650 meters (300 to 2000 feet), are Precambrian granites and strongly metamorphosed rocks, and Paleozoic rocks, mostly hard limestones.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /geo/ggtc/ch3.html (2679 words)

	GARLOCK FAULT ZONE
		OTHER NOTES: : The Garlock fault zone is one of the most obvious geologic features in southern California, clearly marking the northern boundary of the area known as the Mojave Block, as well as the southern ends of the Sierra Nevada and the valleys of the westernmost Basin and Range province.
		The northern branch of the fault zone in this area is known as the Mule Spring fault.
		Both the Mule Spring fault and the Leach Lake fault show evidence of surface rupture within the Holocene, so they probably accomodate a sizable fraction of the total slip of the western Garlock fault zone.
	www.data.scec.org /fault_index/garlock.html (283 words)

	The San Andreas Fault System, California - Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The San Andreas fault is marked in the landscape by a series of linear valleys and mountain fronts, aligned lakes and bays, elongate ridges, and disrupted or offset stream channels.
		Because the principal slip is horizontal and lateral, the blocks tend to be elongate parallel to the trend of the fault.
		The strike slip partly or temporarily dams the stream, causing upstream alluviation at C. A fresh fault scarp is formed in the vicinity of A, and successive offsets expose new scarp areas to the left of A. The dam at B is eroded, and the alluvium deposited earlier at C is dissected.
	education.usgs.gov /california/pp1515/chapter2.html (2281 words)

	San Andreas Fault Zone Photos
		Fault scarps can be formed through the surface manifestation of movement that occurred underground along a fault during major earthquakes or continued movement along a specific fault zone over a large period of time.
		These zones of fault gouge can be as wide as 25 feet or as narrow as one inch.
		Large zone of fault gouge in road cut at the summit of Tejon Pass on Interstate 5.
	www.scvresources.com /geology/san_andreas_photos.htm (566 words)

	Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
		Additionally, the scientific rationale for many of these projects was developed in the 1990s; the science of fault zone physics has advanced rapidly in the past 5 years, and the time is right for an assessment and update of the fundamental questions driving fault zone studies.
		Fault zone drilling projects are different in important respects from most other scientific drilling efforts.
		This fault zone is the subject of substantial current research effort, and has been interpreted as a well-preserved, exhumed example of a fault active in the plate boundary interface (the "megathrust").
	www.iodp.org /fault-zone-drilling (1428 words)

	ABAG Bay Area Fault Rupture Hazard Info
		Because faults are weaknesses in the rock, earthquakes tend to occur over and over on these same faults.
		The California Geological Survey publishes maps of the active faults in the Bay Area that reach the surface as part of its work to implement the requirements of the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone Act.
		Fault information in these digital files is not sufficient to serve as a substitute for the geological site studies required under Chapter 7.5 of Division 2 of the California Public Resources Code.
	www.abag.ca.gov /bayarea/eqmaps/faults (299 words)

	Earthquake Fault Zone
		The A-P Act resulted in the establishment of Earthquake Fault Zones that span the "surface traces" of delineated active faults.
		If an active fault is found on a property, structures generally will not be allowed to be constructed within 50 feet of the fault trace.
		Because a property located outside a mapped Earthquake Fault Zone may still be subject to the effect of earthquakes, property owners are encouraged to take appropriate safety and retrofitting measures to minimize potential damage.
	www.realtydisclosure.com /hazards/fault.htm (519 words)

	Chaman Fault Zone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Chaman fault zone is part of the Eurasian-Indian plate boundary complex, with the Suleiman Ranges marking a jog to the east in the northern edge of the Indian continental plate.
		The Chaman zone has evolved from a thrust fault of the Arabian-Eurasian collisional complex to a strike-slip fault along the Eurasian-Indian transform boundary.The Arabian-Eurasian plate boundary, a subduction zone, is beneath the Indian Ocean to the south of the Makran region.
		The Chaman fault zone (C) and Suleiman folded ranges (S) reflect Indian and Eurasian plate interaction.The flat basin of the Helmand block (H) occupies the upper center of the frame.
	earth.jsc.nasa.gov /handbooks/arabianpages/chaman-title.htm (463 words)

	SAN ANDREAS FAULT ZONE
		Here the San Andreas fault interacts with other faults (most notably the San Jacinto fault zone and the Pinto Mountain fault) and thereby becomes somewhat fractured, over the distance extending from just north of San Bernardino to just north of Indio, some 110 kilometers (70 miles).
		Fault rupture mechanics are still not well understood, however, and the discontinuity could prove to have little effect on tempering a major earthquake on this southern stretch of the San Andreas fault zone.
		It should be noted that due to the complexity of this area, many researchers have used different nomenclature for the local faults, and placed the dividing lines between certain named fault segments in varying places.
	www.data.scec.org /fault_index/sanandre.html (444 words)

	Unearthing the San Andreas fault zone
		An in-depth analysis of major long-term research on the San Andreas fault indicates that parts of the fault are likely to experience a major temblor sooner than previously believed, including the section near Palm Springs and the San Bernardino-Riverside areas, and the Hayward Fault in the Bay Area.
		Similar research by Fumal and his colleagues on the San Andreas fault zone at Thousand Palms Oasis near Palm Springs indicates that this part of the fault is also primed for an earthquake.
		Paleoseismic evidence recorded in the earth's layers suggest that the average time between earthquakes on this part of the fault is 215 years, though the span between earthquakes here may have been as long as 400 years or as short as a few decades.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-11/usgs-uts112102.php (872 words)

	Shallow Geophysical Constraints, Pahrump Valley Fault Zone
		The sharpness of the magnetic and soil conductivity anomalies appears to correlate with the relative geomorphic youth of the scarps.
		The layer on the southwest side of the PVFZ fault 1 shows no similar lateral discontinuity within the image volume, proving that the discontinuity was dextrally displaced a minimum of 18 m into the image volume by PVFZ fault motion.
		The main trace of the PVFZ at the most continuous vegetation lineament is the hatched line at left (fault 1); while the hatched line to the right denotes a topographic scarp and second trace cutting the spring mounds, or possibly a Pluvial lake terrace (fault 2).
	www.seismo.unr.edu /ftp/pub/louie/talks/lvsh/gbshs.html (4389 words)

	Darling Fault Zone : Andrew Long (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The major fault in the Darling Fault hangingwall is the (convex-upwards) Muchea Fault, which may detach at depth onto the Darling Fault.
		Modelling of the gravity data suggests that the Darling Fault Zone may separate the crust (43 km thick) beneath the Yilgarn Craton from the crust (27 km thick) beneath the Darling Mobile Zone and Perth Basin.
		This change of crustal thickness is probably coincident with the proto-Darling Fault, and is not related to the Phanerozoic Darling Fault that is evident on the seismic reflection data.
	pangea.stanford.edu /~along/middleton.html (383 words)

	Geologic map of the Hayward fault zone, Contra Costa, Alameda, and Santa Clara Counties, California: A digital database
		As described in this report, the Hayward fault zone is a zone of highly deformed rocks which trends north 30 degrees west from an area southeast of San Jose to the San Pablo Bay, and ranges in width from 2 to 10 kilometers.
		In addition, the text file discusses the development of the fault zone in the past 10 million years, the relationship of the Hayward and Calaveras fault zones, and the significance of the creeping strand of the Hayward fault (as most recently defined by Lienkaemper, 1992).
		All of the geologic mapping for the Hayward fault zone is new.
	geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov /metadata/open-file/95-597/metadata.faq.html (1800 words)

	Scientists launch major earthquake drilling project along the San Andreas Fault : 06/02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		If approved by Congress, SAFOD would be the first underground earthquake observatory to penetrate a seismically active fault zone, giving scientists an opportunity to continuously monitor a section of the fault where earthquakes actually happen.
		Located on the San Andreas Fault halfway between San Francisco and Los Angeles, Parkfield is considered an ideal place to study the physical processes associated with recurring earthquakes.
		Throughout most of California, the San Andreas Fault is locked, causing stress to build up underground and trigger occasional large temblors of magnitude 7.0 or greater -- such as the devastating magnitude 7.8 San Francisco quake of 1906.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/july10/pilothole-710.html (1287 words)

	Chaman Fault Zone 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In this eastward view across northern Makran to Chaman fault (C) to Suleiman foldbelt (S), the forearc basin (F) of Makran is in left foreground.
		The letter 'C' is placed where the Chaman fault changes from a thrust fault (right) to a plate boundary transform fault (left) as seen in the near-vertical view of the preceding photo.
		This view is to the east across the Helmand block to the Chaman fault.
	earth.jsc.nasa.gov /handbooks/arabianpages/chaman2.htm (365 words)

	Location of the Carlsberg Fault zone from seismic controlled-source fan recordings
		The fault is part of a fault system close to the border between the Danish Basin and the Baltic Shield.
		Shots inside the fault zone show: 1) weak, delayed first arrivals inside the fault zone; 2) stronger first arrivals outside the fault zone; 3) guided waves inside the fault zone.
		The fault is a shadow zone for shots detonated outside the fault zone.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2004GL019603.shtml (241 words)

	At depth of 2 miles, drilling reaches active section of fault zone
		The ranch straddles the San Andreas Fault, an 800-mile-long rift that marks the boundary between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates.
		The borehole begins on the Pacific plate just west of the fault, passes through the active earthquake zone and winds up in the North American plate east of the fault—a distance of 3 miles.
		The observatory is expected to operate for 20 years and give researchers a unique window into the process of stress buildup and release in the fault zone during numerous microearthquakes.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2005/august10/safod-081005.html (1020 words)

	ScienceDaily: Geologists Find Hidden Active Strands Of The Seattle Fault Zone
		The Seattle fault zone is geologically complex and is known to have caused destructive earthquakes.
		Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of shear motion and active fault zones are...
		Alpine Fault -- The Alpine Fault is a geological fault, known as a right-lateral strike-slip fault, that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/02/020211080726.htm (1533 words)

	LiveScience.com - Inside an Earthquake: Geologists Penetrate Fault Zone 2 Miles Down
		The hole starts in the Pacific Plate just west of the actual fault, which is a visible and gaping scar on Earth's surface in some locations along its 800-mile length.
		The hole then passes directly through the fault zone and into the North American plate on the east side of the rift.
		The geologists are already recovering rock from the quake zone to analyze in the lab.
	www.livescience.com /forcesofnature/050804_san_andreas.html (740 words)

	Karstification Along an Active Fault Zone in Cyprus
		Karstification is occurring along the trace of an active, left-lateral, strike-slip fault zone at Pergamos, Cyprus due to increased permeability from brecciation, fracturing, and steeply dipping bedding in a carbonate/evaporite sequence.
		The fault zone consists of a restraining bend segment, which strikes east-west and dips steeply to the south, and two strike-slip segments, both of which strike N30°E and are vertical.
		The Pergamos fault system is a left-lateral, strike-slip system, which consists of two, near vertical, right-stepping segments that strike N30°E and are connected by an east-west-striking restraining bend (Fig.
	water.usgs.gov /ogw/karst/kig2002/rwh_karstification.html (962 words)

	Evidence for Fault Zone Trapped Waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		When an earthquake occurs within a fault, it generates longer period waves, fault zone trapped waves (FZTW), that arrive after the direct S wave.
		FZTW are generated by the lower velocities that characterize the fault zone.
		structure of the fault zone, including the width and the velocity of the material within the fault zone.
	www.scec.org /education/education/internships/00/ammerman (222 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - Scientists to Get Close View of San Andreas Fault
		Geologists who have been analyzing earthquakes along the San Andreas fault near Parkfield in central California told a scientific conference they plan to install a number of monitoring devices within meters (yards) of one of the world's most notorious fault zones.
		The San Andreas fault, which triggered the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the deadly fires that followed, runs from the Southern California desert to northern California and marks the boundary of the Pacific and North American tectonic plates.
		The monitoring instruments, part of a five-year, $20-million project by the university and the USGS, will be installed two to three km (1.2 to 1.9 miles) underground in a portion of the San Andreas fault zone that triggered several moderate quakes of about magnitude 6 from 1857 to 1966.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/323143/scientists_to_get_close_view_of_san_andreas_fault/index.html?source=r_science (387 words)

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