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Topic: Faulty generalization

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	Faulty generalization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hasty generalization is the fallacy of examining just one or very few examples or studying a single case, and generalizing that to be representative of the whole class of objects or phenomena.
		It is a generalization which is accurate, but tags on a qualification which eliminates enough cases (as exceptions); that what remains is much less impressive than what the original statement might have led one to assume.
		Misleading vividness is a kind of hasty generalization that appeals to the senses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Faulty_generalization (175 words)

	Used Generators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It generally consists of persons born in the 1960s and 1970s, although the exact dates of birth defining this age demographic are highly debated.
		The current popular classification of Generation X culturally in the United States is those born between 1964 and 1976 or 1977, which is accepted by most people as that which is most relevant.
		A generation can also be a stage or degree in the succession of natural descent (such as grandfather, father, and son are three generations) or stages of successive improvement in the development of something, such as computers.
	www.blownspeakers.com /pages3/92/used-generators.html (1518 words)

	Faulty generalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hasty generalization is the fallacy of examining justone or very few examples or studying a single case, and generalizing that to be representative of the whole class of objects orphenomena.
		It is a generalization which is accurate, but tags on a qualification whicheliminates enough cases (as exceptions); that what remains is much less impressive than what the original statement might haveled one to assume.
		Statistical special pleading occurswhen the interpretation of the relevant statistic is "massaged" by looking for ways to reclassify or requantify data from oneportion of results, but not applying the same scrutiny to other categories.
	www.therfcc.org /faulty-generalization-30813.html (156 words)

	Spine Lesions as the Most Common Source of Posttraumatic Pain: An Institutionalized Fallacy
		This type of mistaken interpretation of study results is a clear example of the logical fallacy called "faulty generalization." My argument may seem to some readers to be hairsplitting pedantry, but this is not the case.
		Essentially, his generalization states that the high percentage of lesioned discs and z-joints among patients resistant to conservative care are likely to also be found in patients responsive to conservative care.
		First, the faulty generalization now accepted as true by some chiropractic educators violates a rule of correct reasoning, and responsible scholarship dictates that we rectify the error.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/20/07/13.html (2900 words)

	The Fallacies by F.P.A. Demeterio III
		That means they are not just plain lies and faulty arguments, for there are countless other lies and incorrect arguments whose malice and faultiness are obvious and could not deceive anybody.
		It would be a hasty generalization to say later on that the research found out that students in the university belt are all children of multimillionaire industrialists.
		The fallacy of faulty exclusion is a violation of this second rule.
	www.geocities.com /philodept/diwatao/fallacies.htm (6514 words)

	Generalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		there are instances of concept A are not instances of concept B. Equivalently A is a generalization of B B is a specialization of A. For instance ' Animal ' is a generalization of ' Bird ' because every bird is an animal there are animals which are not birds dogs for instance).
		This kind of generalization versus specialization (or particularization) is reflected in either of the words of the word pair hypernym and hyponym.
		Generalization in Ethics: An Essay in the Logic of Ethics, With the Rudiments of a System of Moral Philosophy.
	www.freeglossary.com /Generalization (312 words)

	PSU WAC - Avoiding Errors in Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Faulty I believe that this X is evil because society has always condemned it; society has always condemned it because it is evil.
		Faulty The new mayor is not even the head of his own household, so I do not expect him to be a good civic leader or to have much influence on the city council.
		Faulty The majority of Americans today are a generous, compassionate, and freedom-loving people; to reflect the will of the people, immigration laws should not be changed but abolished.
	www.pittstate.edu /wac/logic.html (1894 words)

	UMass-Amherst Medical Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The fallacy of the faulty dilemma is committed by some proponents of creationism when they argue that, since one is either an evolutionist or a creationist, one must be a creationist because the evolutionist's theory is extremely improbable.
		Their argument is faulty since there are theories or accounts of the origin and development of life other than creationism or evolution, and there are numerous versions of these latter two that are not ruled out or opted for in their argument.
		A hasty generalization is the result of the speaker inferring the truth of a generalization on the basis of a small number of cases that are compatible with the truth of the generalization.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~phil164/oncampus/handouts/informal_fallacies.html (6720 words)

	Faulty generalization
		In general, a faulty generalization is a common speech term for the logical fallacy of (write name of fallacy here).
		Hasty generalization is the gross fallacy of examining just one or very few examples or studying a single case, and generalizing that to be representative of the whole class of objects or phenomena.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fa/Faulty_generalization.html (160 words)

	Citations: Generalization learning techniques for automating the learning of heuristics - Waterman (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Past approaches generally focus on syntactic and semantic aspects of generalization that extends heuristics learned to new situations.
		Mitchell [25] defines generalization in the context of a language that describes instances and generalizations.
		Mitchell [23] defines generalization in the context of a language that describes instances and generalizations.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/228965/0 (1024 words)

	Accident (fallacy) Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The logical fallacy of accident, also called destroying the exception or a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid, is a deductive fallacy occurring in statistical syllogisms (an argument based on a generalization) when an exception to the generalization is ignored.
		As a matter of fact the rule, cars should never exceed the speed limit, is only a general rule and police cars may be a valid exception.
		Generalizations that are weak generally have more exceptions (the number of exceptions to the generalization need not be a minority of cases) and vice versa.
	www.folkartmuseum.com /search/encyclopedia/Accident_%28fallacy%29 (448 words)

	10 September 2004 notes
		Faulty generalization—we are guilty of this when we “jump to a conclusion” from inadequate evidence.
		Generalizations based on evidence derived from authority can be faulty when the authority quoted is [1] biased/prejudiced, [2] incompetent, [3] outmoded.
		Even when the authority quoted is objective, competent, and reliable, a generalization from the evidence supplied by this authority can be faulty if the authority is [1] inaccurately quoted, [2] misinterpreted, [3] quoted out of context.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/lsb/10sept04notes.htm (501 words)

	Generalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A hypernym as a generic stands for a class or group of equally-ranked items, such as tree does for beech and oak ; or ship for cruiser and steamer.
		Data Field Haskell Dialect with instance of data fields (a generalization of arrays), useful for rapid prototyping of parallel algorithms, and parallel high-level system specification.
		SampleTalk Language and programming technology Build a program immediately from data processing examples: AI language, simpler than Prolog, based on generalization and matching of unconstrained text processing samples.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Generalization.html (375 words)

	Citations: Generalized subsumption and its applications to induction and redundancy - Buntine (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the general case, subsumption between two clauses is NP complete (Garey, Johnson, 1979) but Helft [8] states that he has an n 3 approximation, for reduction under j of function free Hornclauses.
		The general idea of the rlgg algorithm is to augment the body of the example clauses with facts derived from the background knowledge definitions (K) and the current body of....
		The general idea of the rlgg algorithm is to augment the body of the example clauses with facts derived from the background knowledge definitions and the current body of the....
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/11767/0 (3102 words)

	Paradigm : from fallacious politics to sound civics
		Direct regulation-control and authority do not produce, generally, problems of attrition even when the norms followed derive from the past and are not the product of the person who follows them, as long as they are freely accepted and interiorized by each individual.
		Generally, politicians claim to be, at the same time, for continuous growth (of production and consumption) and for the protection of the environment.
		Problem banalization (or excessive simplification) is the faulty reduction of a problem to a fl and white alternative, even when the problem is a complex one and requires that several options be examined.
	www.polyarchy.org /paradigm/english/politics.html (4415 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This type of inference is fallacious, because a property of each particular member of a population is not generally a property of the population as a whole, so that what is true of each member of a population is not true of the population as a whole.
		The styles of faulty argumentation that represent the fallacy of division are similar to those of the fallacy of composition, except that the inference is reversed.
		The fallacy of accident is an inference from a generalization to an instance of that generalization, and the fallacy of hasty generalization is an inference from one or a few instances of a generalization to that generalization.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~phil160/handouts/logic4-fallacies.html (8125 words)

	Chad Trevitte
		This fallacy can thus operate from general concepts to specific examples, or from specific examples to general concepts– either way, the connection between the overall trait and the individual case remains weak or arbitrary.
		Fallacy of faulty generalization: applies to cases of inductive reasoning in which inadequate evidence or limited examples are employed to justify a generalization.
		Faulty analogy: this fallacy is often very vulnerable to criticism, particularly when the similarities between the analogy and the real situation are trivial or irrelevant, and the differences are significant.
	www.unc.edu /~trevitte/Comp/RhetoricalFallacies.htm (1325 words)

	Anecdotal evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Anecdotal evidence is evidence stemming from a single, often unreliable source which is used in an argument as if it had been scientifically or statistically proven.
		The person using anecdotal evidence may or may not beaware of the fact that, by doing so, they are generalizing.
		For example, someone who is not a physician or other kind of expert mightargue that eating crushed garlic and drinking one glass of red wine per day will prolong your life, just because their own neighbour indulged in that habit and died aged 90.
	www.therfcc.org /anecdotal-evidence-6779.html (181 words)

	[No title]
		Loose generalization: A false, or more commonly, partially false statement about a group or class of ideas, events, or persons.
		Faulty sampling: Generalization or conclusion is based on samples that are not representative of the group from which they are taken.
		False analogy: Based on a faulty comparison to two things that are more different than they are alike. As appealing as they sometimes are, analogies prove nothing since there are more differences than likenesses between the two things being compared.
	www.adamhodges.com /courses/spring2004/ling1000/ClassNotes/Rhetoric.doc (606 words)

	Fallacies
		Suggest, from fraudulent confusion of general and particular that the improbable is probable or vice versa.
		Occurs when an inadequate cause is assigned to an effect, alternate causes for the same effect are ignored, the situation in which the cause effect is ignored (it must be demonstrated that the relation holds in a given situation).
		Faulty analogy: the analogy does not hold; all analogies are vulnerable to this charge, because they are only similar to the situation by nature, but some are more vulnerable, particularly if they overlook pertinent, significant dissimilarities.
	www.cc.utah.edu /~sms5/wrtg3700/bgtexts/fallacies.htm (578 words)

	Generalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For instance, ' Animal ' is a generalization of ' Bird ' because every bird is an animal, and there are animals which are not birds (dogs, for instance).
		This kind of generalization versus specialization (or particularization) is reflected in either ofthe contrasting words of the word pair hypernym and hyponym.
		Whereas a hyponym is one of theitems included in the generic, such as lily and daisy are included in flower, and bird andfish in animal.
	www.therfcc.org /generalization-26727.html (194 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The local variables that would have been bound in matching these clauses are replaced by the values they are bound to in the special case, i.e., P1&P2* IF the goal is to dial Mary’s telephone number THEN dial 4 and then 3.
		372) generalization process: production rules become broader in their range of applicability The basic function of the ACT generalization process is to extract from different special productions what they have in common.
		The generalization and discrimination processes produce multiple variants on the conditions controlling the same action.
	www.cs.brandeis.edu /~cs35a/Ricks04/download/skill.anderson.doc (713 words)

	Faulty generalization -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(Click link for more info and facts about Hasty generalization) Hasty generalization is the fallacy of examining just one or very few examples or studying a single case, and generalizing that to be representative of the whole class of objects or phenomena.
		The (Click link for more info and facts about overwhelming exception) overwhelming exception is related to the hasty generalization, but working from the other end.
		(Click link for more info and facts about Misleading vividness) Misleading vividness is a kind of hasty generalization that appeals to the senses.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fa/faulty_generalization.htm (210 words)

	Untitled Document
		Students should be made aware that faulty cause/effect statements may be a major source of confusion and misdirection used by authors to defend their points of view.
		In the case of a faulty generalization, a judgment is based on inaccurate or incomplete information.
		Another example of a faulty generalization is when an author observes only one event or cites only one case study and infers that this applies to many other phenomena.
	social.chass.ncsu.edu /~griffin/ps533ps433_files/techniques.htm (1255 words)

	The Vermont Connection : University of Vermont
		There are five such errors sustaining the dominant culture’s hold on reality: objective reasoning, faulty generalizations, circular reasoning, mystified concepts, and partial knowledge.
		This generalization is made from a subset of poor African-American men and generalized to all poor African-American men.
		However, these epistemological errors—objective reasoning, faulty generalization, circular reasoning, mystified concepts, and partial knowledge—must be included in curriculum transformation discussions as they provide a critical evaluation of the methods of analysis that afford the dominant tradition (Alessio, 1996).
	www.uvm.edu /~vtconn/?Page=v20/weber.html (3431 words)

	Group29.com
		Hasty generalization, also known as "fallacy of insufficient statistics", "fallacy of insufficient sample", "fallacy of the lonely fact", "leaping to a conclusion", "hasty induction" or "secundum quid", is the logical fallacy A logical fallacy is an error in logical argument which is independent of the truth of the premises.
		It is a flaw in the structure of an argument as opposed to an error in its premises.
		See also faulty generalization A faulty generalization, also known as an inductive fallacy, can be a common speech term for:
	www.group29.com /modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&p=38#38 (570 words)

	Faulty Generalization Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
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	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Faulty_generalization (343 words)

	Logical Fallacy: Hasty Generalization
		This is the fallacy of generalizing about a population based upon a sample which is too small to be representative.
		Here, your sample is one strand of spaghetti, and the population is the entire potful of pasta.
		This is a familiar type of inference that most of us engage in whenever we cook something, for instance, when we taste a pot of soup to test whether it is sufficiently seasoned by tasting a single spoonful.
	www.fallacyfiles.org /hastygen.html (770 words)

	bc skeptics \| critical thinking \| sufficiency: hasty generalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hasty Generalization occurs when a premise is a generalization about a class, derived from an inadequate sample.
		Note: a sweeping generalization is sort of the opposite of a hasty generalization.
		A hasty generalization works in the other direction: we hastily describe a category from too few examples.
	www.seercom.com /bcs/resources/criticalthinking/hcf.hastygen.html (288 words)

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