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Topic: Feathered dinosaurs

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	"Feathered" Dinosaurs
		Dinosaurs with feathered arms and tails that clearly did not fly may indicate that at least some types of theropod dinosaurs, rather than being the ancestors of birds, could just as likely be descended from birds (or at least flying dinosaurs) themselves.
		Plumulaceous (down) feathers up to 27 mm in length were associated with the proximal caudals (the base of the tail), and 20 mm in length along the lateral side of the right femur and the proximal end of the left femur (near the hip).
		Six plumulaceous feathers were also associated with the chest region, in all suggesting that as well as the obvious long feathers attached to the tail and forelimbs, the body was probably covered with fine down-like feathers.
	www.geocities.com /dannsdinosaurs/featdino.html (2717 words)

	SDNHM Exhibition: Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight
		From feathered dinosaurs and birds to mummified lizards with color patterns, the fine lake silts of Liaoning have preserved the most delicate of details in the fossils and given researchers a new understanding about prehistoric life.
		Feathered Dinosaurs presents extraordinary fossils that are new to science and preserve important anatomical details of bones, teeth, and feathers that have major implications for our understanding of how birds evolved.
		Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight was organized by the Dinosaur Museum of Blanding, Utah, and the Fossil Administration Office of Liaoning, China in collaboration with the Geological Institute, the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.
	www.sdnhm.org /exhibits/feathered/index.html (838 words)

	Feathered dinosaurs
		Feathered dinosaurs are regarded by many paleontologists as transitional fossils between birds and dinosaurs (see Dinosaur-bird connection).
		In the late 1990s, discoveries of feathered dinosaurs provided conclusive evidence of the connection, though the genealogical details are still incomplete.
		Feathered dinosaur fossil finds to date, together with cladistic analysis, suggest that many types of theropod may have had feathers, not just those that are especially similar to birds.
	www.1bx.com /en/Feathered_dinosaurs.htm (1328 words)

	Feathered dinosaurs
		Non-avian theropod dinosaurs with preserved integumentary coverings are becoming more common; but apart from the multiple specimens of Caudipteryx, which have true feathers, animals that are reasonably complete and entirely articulated that show these structures in relation to the body have not been reported.
		This indicates that feathers are irrelevant to the diagnosis of birds.
		This is the first mature non-avian dinosaur to be found that is smaller than Archaeopteryx, and it eliminates the size disparity between the earliest birds and their closest non-avian theropod relatives.
	www.geocities.com /earthhistory/fd.htm (2321 words)

	Feathered Dinosaurs @ Planet Dinosaur
		The most important discoveries at Liaoning have been a host of spectacular feathered dinosaur fossils, with a steady stream of new finds filling in the picture of the dinosaur-bird connection, and adding more to theories of the evolutionary development of feathers and flight.
		The first known dinosaur with true flight-structured feathers (pennaceous feathers) is Caudipteryx (135-121 MYA), although evidence for these is restricted to its tail, so it is unlikely that these feathers were used for flight; they were more likely used for display.
		Feathered dinosaur fossil finds to date, together with cladistic analysis, provide convincing evidence that birds are in fact descendents of dinosaurs.
	planetdinosaur.com /dinosaurs/feathered_dinosaurs.htm (895 words)

	Dinosaur News-ZoomDinosaurs.com
		These new dinosaurs Protarchaeopteryx robusta, and Caudipteryx zoui, together with the recently found Sinosauropteryx prima, have characteristics common to both theropod dinosaurs and to birds.
		In the chain of creatures leading from theropod (dromaeosaurid) dinosaurs to birds, Sinosauropteryx is the earliest bird-like dinosaur.
		Although it had feathers and could fly, it had similarities to dinosaurs, including its teeth, skull, and certain bone structures.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/news/Feathered.shtml (511 words)

	CNN - Scientists: Fossils prove that birds evolved from dinosaurs - June 24, 1998
		An international team of scientists believes two Chinese fossils of feathered dinosaurs -- animals with down-covered bodies, strong legs and stubby arms -- are the strongest evidence yet that birds evolved from dinosaurs.
		Although the fossilized dinosaurs are thought to have been capable of running swiftly, flapping feathered wings and fanning out impressive tail feathers, they were unable to actually fly, said Currie, who is curator of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology in Canada.
		He said the feathers on the dinosaurs probably evolved for warmth, suggesting that some of the animals may have been warm-blooded.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/science/9806/23/feathered.dinosaur (797 words)

	Dinosaurs and Birds - Enchanted Learning Software
		There are many similarities between birds and theropod dinosaurs, including the number of openings in the skull (they're diapsids), secondary palate structure, leg and foot structure and proportions, upright stance, oviparous birth (laying eggs), bone structure (bones interlaced with vessels), and scales (modified in birds and some dinosaurs to be feathers).
		Their feathers were symmetrical, which indicate that they could not fly (flightless birds have symmetrical feathers while those that fly have asymmetrical ones).
		These finds, along with the feathered dinosaur Sinosauropteryx, found a few years ago, also in the same region of China, and the bird-like Unenlagia in Argentina, reinforce the theory that birds are descended from dinosaurs.
	www.zoomdinosaurs.com /subjects/dinosaurs/Dinobirds.html (1330 words)

	Discussions by Yann Oliver
		Feathers are probably modified scales, as can be seen by the scaly legs of modern birds.
		In the dinosaur family tree, Sinosauropteryx is not particularly close to birds: the tyrannosaurs, ostrich dinosaurs and troodonts were roughly as close to birds as it, and deinonychosaurs and oviraptors were much closer.
		Feathers are certainly not a peculiarity of a small Chinese group of dinosaurs, since these dinosaurs are not particularly close to each other; the fossils are simply exceptionnally preserved.
	www.dinodata.org /Discussions/dino/birds2.html (1219 words)

	Tetrapod Zoology : Feathers and filaments of non-avian dinosaurs, part I
		Indeed models of feather evolution have proposed that the earliest prototype feathers were hair-like filaments (Prum 1999, Griffiths 2000, Prum & Brush 2002) similar to the structures of Sinosauropteryx and Dilong: in Prum's model of feather origins, hollow quill-like integumentary structures of this sort were termed Stage 1 feathers.
		However, their bodies were not covered in vaned feathers as are those of the majority of living birds: instead, it seems that they were at least partly covered in the more simple structures that they had inherited from basal coelurosaurs like Sinosauropteryx.
		Vaned feathers were definitely present on the limbs, but we'll come to this later [adjacent image of the feathered deinonychosaur NGMC 91-A from here].
	scienceblogs.com /tetrapodzoology/2007/02/feathers_and_filaments_of_nona.php (2723 words)

	Chinese Dinosaurs - Feathered dinosaurs of China
		Skeletons of several kinds of small dinosaurs and primitive birds have been unearthed by farmers since 1994 in the north-eastern Chinese province of Liaoning.
		These dinosaurs are the first to be found covered with feathers.
		The bird-like dinosaurs and dinosaur-like birds were found near the villages of Jianshangou and Sihetun, in rocks aged between 120 and 145 million years old.
	www.amonline.net.au /chinese_dinosaurs/feathered_dinosaurs/index.htm (95 words)

	Science & Technology(Feathered Dinosaurs)
		The recent discovery of a 130-million-year-old fossil of a feathered dinosaur has provided evidence that birds evolved from the ancient reptiles, according to new research published recently.
		Feathered dinosaur fossils were first discovered in 1995 by Ji Qiang, of the Chinese Academy of Geological Science which lent the fossil to the New York museum, said the discovery was particularly important because it showed the feathers were attached to the dinosaur's body.
		This dinosaur's forelimbs were too short to have supported wings, Dr. Norell said in an interview, and so it was flightless.
	www.pakistaneconomist.com /issue2001/issue19/etc3.htm (589 words)

	Feathered Dinosaurs - Book
		Feathered Dinosaurs written by Christopher Sloan is a well-written and highly illustrated book about dinosaurs having feathers, either as young or as adult for display during mating.
		The theory that dinosaurs had feathers has been around since the 1970's, but the fossil record is now being tapped and as paleontologists probe further into the fossil they are uncovering more and more evidence that, indeed, certain dinosaurs did have feathers.
		Dinosaurs, being endothermic, that is warm-blooded, needed protection from hot and cold and feathers work well for this purpose.
	book.realbuy.ws /0792272196.html (362 words)

	Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Birds, by Philip J. Currie; #90038 (2005) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Feathers were probably widely distributed among meateating dinosaurs, and we can no longer be sure that fossilized feathers found in Cretaceous rocks all belong to birds.
		Regardless of the widespread presence of feathers in dinosaurs, the theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs is supported by more than 125 osteological characters that are uniquely shared by these two groups of animals.
		Although no dinosaur specimens with preserved feathers have been found in North America, many of the Late Cretaceous species from Alberta and other regions are closely related to the feathered dinosaurs of China.
	www.searchanddiscovery.com /documents/abstracts/2005Distinguished%20Lectures/currie01/currie01.HTM (378 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It had been assumed that the niches of animals larger than 1 m (3 ft) in length were filled entirely by dinosaurs, and were off limits to mammals until after the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event wiped out the dinosaurs and allowed the diversification of mammals during the Cenozoic.
		The smallest dinosaurs are either early bipeds, or members of the lineage that evolved into the birds during the Jurassic period.
		The fossils were recovered from the lagerstÃ¤tte of the Yixian Formation in the Liaoning province of China, which is renowned for its extraordinarily well-preserved fossils of feathered dinosaurs.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Repenomamus (489 words)

	Feathered Fossils Give Theory Wings / Find called proof birds descended from dinosaurs
		Two newly discovered fossil dinosaurs, their arms and tails adorned with feathers and their bodies dappled with down, offer the strongest evidence yet to settle the long argument over the evolution of modern birds, a team of excited scientists said yesterday.
		The feathered dinosaur remains were unearthed from the rich fossil beds of a dry lake in northeastern China's Liaoning province where scores of other dinosaurs and their remains have been discovered.
		These feathered dinosaurs were clearly unable to fly, even though their skulls, their hollow bones, their three-toed feet, their wishbones and the evidence of nesting behavior -- typical of all the small carnivorous dinosaurs -- share those characteristics with birds.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/archive/1998/06/24/MN26880.DTL&type=printable (623 words)

	Dinobuzz: Dinosaur-Bird Relationships
		Using proper terminology, birds are avian dinosaurs; other dinosaurs are non-avian dinosaurs, and (strange as it may sound) birds are technically considered reptiles.
		In fact, the evidence is overwhelmingly in favor of birds being the descendants of a maniraptoran dinosaur, probably something similar (but not identical) to a small dromaeosaur.
		Coelurosaurian dinosaurs are thought to be the closest relatives of birds, in fact, birds are considered to be coelurosaurs.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /diapsids/avians.html (1524 words)

	Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight \| Fresno Metropolitan Museum
		A new traveling exhibit, Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight, answers the questions of how dinosaurs are related to birds and how birds evolved.
		The recent finds also address some questions about the evolution of birds, including how feathers evolved, and when feathers began to be used for flight, leading to a fuller understanding of the relationship between dinosaurs and birds.
		Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight was organized and is circulated by The Dinosaur Museum, Utah in association with The Fossil Administration Office, Liaoning, China and the Liaoning Beipiao China Shihetun Museum of Paleontology.
	www.fresnomet.org /exhibition/feathered_dinosaurs (260 words)

	Chinese Dinosaurs - Feathered dinosaurs of China
		Skeletons of several kinds of small dinosaurs and primitive birds have been unearthed by farmers since 1994 in the north-eastern Chinese province of Liaoning.
		These dinosaurs are the first to be found covered with feathers.
		The bird-like dinosaurs and dinosaur-like birds were found near the villages of Jianshangou and Sihetun, in rocks aged between 120 and 145 million years old.
	www.austmus.gov.au /chinese_dinosaurs/feathered_dinosaurs (95 words)

	Evolution - November 1999: Re: Feathered dinosaur flap
		The hype about feathered dinosaurs in the exhibit currently on display at the National Geographic Society is even worse, and makes the spurious claim that there is strong evidence that a wide variety of carnivorous dinosaurs had feathers.
		A model of the undisputed dinosaur Deinonychus and illustrations of baby tyrannosaurs are shown clad in feathers, all of which is simply imaginary and has no place outside of science fiction.
		The idea of feathered dinosaurs and the theropod origin of birds is being actively promulgated by a cadre of zealous scientists acting in concert with certain editors at Nature and National Geographic who themselves have become outspoken and highly biased proselytizers of the faith.
	www.asa3.org /archive/evolution/199911/0093.html (939 words)

	Royal Ontario Museum \| About the ROM \| News \| Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight opens on March 12, 2005
		This fascinating examination of the evolution of feathers and flight showcases recently discovered dinosaur and bird fossils that have influenced scientific views on the connection between dinosaurs and birds.
		Feathered Dinosaurs will be enhanced through an extensive array of dinosaur-themed activities such as The Wonder Bread® Zone of Wonder where the younger ones can don costumes, build 3-D dino puzzles and go on dinosaur digs.
		Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight was organized and is circulated by The Dinosaur Museum, Utah, USA in association with the Liaoning Fossil Administration Office and the Beipiao City Paleontological Research Center, Liaoning, China.
	www.rom.on.ca /news/releases/public.php?mediakey=1u9aln0vga (2428 words)

	WXXI-TV \| Assignment: The World \|
		The logical belief was that the scales of the first dinosaurs started to change when some primitive reptiles took up life in the trees.
		Feathers, of course, would have been the perfect skin covering for the demands of flight.
		Were there dinosaurs like modern turkeys, who run along the ground to launch themselves into the air, or an alternative hypothesis; a group of tree dwellers who took to gliding and eventually flight.
	www.atwonline.org /science/dinosaurs.html (430 words)

	CSU Newsline - SSU; New Scientific Discovery Questions Link Between Dinosaurs and Birds (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The oldest animal prior to this that everyone agrees was a feathered bird is called Archaeopteryx, which first appears in the fossil record about 75 million years after Longisquama.
		It has been a huge mystery where the feathers of Archaeopteryx evolved from, and many experts had theorized they were linked to dinosaurs.
		What have been called feathered dinosaurs were probably flightless birds." On the other hand, Ruben said, Longisquama would have lived in the right time, and had the right physical structure, to have been the distant evolutionary ancestor of birds.
	www.calstate.edu /newsline/Archive/99-00/000623-Son.shtml (824 words)

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