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Topic: Feature integration theory

	Congruity Theory
		Congruity Theory is that it is explicitly oriented to communication and persuasion.
		The main point here is that Congruity Theory proposes a formula that predicts the amount and direction of attitude change based on the audience’s attitude toward the Source and the audience’s attitude toward the Concept.
		So, the theory was amended again to say that the predictions would not work when a source says something that the audience does not believe that source would really say.
	www.cios.org /encyclopedia/persuasion/Ccongruity_theory_3osgood.htm (622 words)

	Deranee Basant
		Feature integration theory (FIT) is a theory that proposes that the perception of objects is formed by integrated features.
		Prior to this theory the concepts of modular coding of different visual features in separate areas of the visual cortex was established in the area of neuroscience (Driver, 2001).
		In the updated model, if the features of the target are discriminable from those of the distractors and if the target or the distractors are known in advance, then the inhibition of the distractors will allow for scanning or parallel processing.
	home.cfl.rr.com /psy601/Final_Project_FIT_web.htm (2687 words)

	Feature integration theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The feature integration theory, developed by Treisman and Gelade since the early 1980s has been one of the most influential psychological models of human visual attention until recent years.
		She concluded from many experiments that color, orientation, and intensity are primitive features, for which feature search can be performed.
		Treisman, A., “Features and objects: the fourteenth Bartlett Memorial Lecture”.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Feature_integration_theory (295 words)

	Is Feature Integration Theory Gestalt?
		But another aspect of feature integration is selective attention flittering, in which some details are left out.
		Thus, arguably, Feature integration theory is a Gestalt theory.
		But perceptual feature integration is only a special case of Gestalt in the wider sense.
	www.foolquest.com /feature_integration_gestalt.htm (783 words)

	TEC
		The theory we propose instead assumes that perceptual contents and action goals are cognitively represented by composite codes of their distal features, that is, perceived and to-be-produced events are coded within a common representational medium.
		Central to the theory is the notion of affordances which, roughly speaking, stand for specific combinations of objects and events as taken with reference to their functions for the animal--typically with reference to actions of certain kinds.
		Assume that, on a given trial, target features and distractor features are integrated separately, forming two distinct object files (e.g., one containing form and color of the target and one containing form and color of the distractor).
	www.bbsonline.org /Preprints/Hommel (18351 words)

	Anne Treisman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of her most influential works is the feature integration theory of attention, first published with G. Gelade in 1980.
		The theory of feature integration is very dominant in the field of visual attention to this day.
		Another influential idea, Jeremy Wolfe's theory called Guided Search, took many ideas from the feature integration theory and most works in the field of visual attention that work with the concept of a saliency map reference back to her feature integration theory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anne_Treisman (686 words)

	Association for Psychological Science: William James Fellow Award - Anne Treisman
		Her studies demonstrated that early vision encodes features such as color, form, orientation, and others, in separate "feature maps" and that without spatial attention these features can bind randomly to form illusory conjunctions and deficits in selection.
		At about the same time as FIT was proposed, neuroscientists were independently discovering that the primate cortex contained many different cortical areas where neurons were tuned to selective features (for example, orientation, luminance, color, shape, size, motion, and so on).
		She continues to be a persuasive figure in the field and seems to never tire in her enthusiasm for understanding the human mind.
	www.psychologicalscience.org /awards/james/citations/treisman.cfm (462 words)

	Feature integration and auditory scene analysis (at) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The former is associated with the rapid processes (such as identifying the existence of a color), and the latter is associated with the slower, presumably "higher-level" process of forming conjunctions between features (such as color and shape).
		That is, detecting whether modulation (or mistuning, in the latter example) exists is analogous to detecting the presence of a particular color (relatively low threshold), and detecting whether a particular carrier frequency is modulated (or mistuned) is analogous to detecting whether a form with a certain color is present (relatively high threshold).
		In the other case, one feature (carrier freq) must be associated or connected to another feature (modulation or mistuning).
	www.auditory.org /postings/1993/66.html (372 words)

	P335 Cognitive Psychology, Prof. Kruschke, Exam 1
		For example, in a feature theory of pattern recognition, the represention of patterns is by features (formatted as an unordered set), and the process of recognizing patterns is checking for which features are shared by the stimulus and the patterns in memory.
		One theory of how this is accomplished claims that the information represented in memory is a set of names with corresponding phone numbers (that's the content), arranged alphabetically by last name (that's the format).
		Broadbent's filter theory asserted that pre-attentive processing was very low-level in terms of the type of information extracted, so that attention could be directed to low-level, "physical" aspects of stimuli such as pitch, location, etc., but not to high-level aspects such as meaning.
	www.indiana.edu /~jkkteach/P335/exam1qa.html (2042 words)

	Some logical features of feature integration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		I suggest that "feature conjunction" is not strictly speaking conjunction at all, but rather joint predication; and that the critical task in "binding" is not simply grouping scattered representations together, or providing them a common label, but rather identifying those that have a common subject matter-those that are about the same thing.
		According to Anne Treisman's "feature integration theory of attention", features in the various modalities are extracted in bottom-up, automatic, and parallel fashion.
		The work of feature integration or binding is the work of identifying the subject matters of the various feature maps.
	www.ucc.uconn.edu /~wwwphil/fiall.html (8119 words)

	Perception in Visualization
		Treisman suggested a manageable number of feature maps, including one for each of the opponent colour primaries green, red, yellow, and blue, as well as separate maps for orientation, shape, texture, and other preattentive features.
		Quinlan and Humphreys found that Treisman's feature integration theory was unable to explain the results they obtained from their experiments.
		Motion is a third visual feature that is known to be perceptually salient.
	www.csc.ncsu.edu /faculty/healey/PP/index.html (10894 words)

	28: Measure and integration
		Measure theory and integration is the study of lengths, surface area, and volumes in general spaces.
		This is a critical feature of a full development of integration theory; moreover, it provides the basic framework for probability theory.
		Measure theory is a meeting place between the tame applicability of real functions and the wild possibilities of set theory.
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/known-math/index/28-XX.html (758 words)

	Pexels: Perceptual Texture Elements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Features are chosen to reveal properties of data elements as well as relationships among them.
		A visualization tool that uses preattentive features will allow viewers to perform visual tasks such as grouping of similar data elements (boundary detection), detection of elements with a unique characteristic (target detection), and estimation of the number of elements with a given value or range of values, all in real-time on temporally animated data frames.
		Although our main interest is the identification of visual features which are preattentive and the corresponding exploratory tasks they can be used to perform, theories which explain preattentive vision are useful for helping to predict a-priori how different data-feature mappings might perform in a high-speed visualization environment.
	www.csc.ncsu.edu /faculty/healey/siggraph99/PP.html (5583 words)

	Journal of Vision - Identification of feature conjunctions does not increase the perceptual demands on attention, by ...
		Feature Integration Theory (Treisman & Sato, 1990) assumes that targets defined by multiple features (conjunction) increase attentional demands at the perceptual level of processing (perceptual load) due to a feature integration process, relative to targets defined by a single feature.
		Consistent with this, Lavie (1995) showed that interference by a response incompatible distracter (RID) was less when discriminating the presence of a conjunction compared to a single-feature, indicating that the former demanded more attentional resources and hence reduced the resources available to process the distracter.
		Thus, discriminating the presence of a feature conjunction does not increase perceptual load due to a feature integration process.
	journalofvision.org /2/7/453 (324 words)

	visman
		The theoretical orientation is feature integration theory, developed by Anne Treisman and her colleagues (Treisman and Gelade, 1980).
		The basic idea is that visual information processing occurs in two stages, an initial preattentive stage in which visual features are processed more or less automatically and in parallel, and a second feature integration stage in which visual features are processed via the conscious focusing of attention and in a serial fashion.
		The possible targets on a feature trial are brown S, blue X, blue T, or green S (probability of 0.25 each).
	lifesciassoc.home.pipeline.com /instruct/projects/visman.htm (1328 words)

	Binding problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The binding problem is also closely related to the problem of the homunculus needed to explain who is watching the wonderfully integrated internal TV screen.
		A popular hypothesis is that features are bound via synchronisation of the firing of different neurons in the cortex.
		Engel and his coworkers (1992) have found that two different neurons with a different receptive field produce divergent correlograms according to whether the stimuli were binded together or not.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Binding_problem (541 words)

	Integration Problems in Telephone Feature Requirements - Gibson, Hamilton, Mery (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Abstract: The feature interaction problem is prominent in telephone service development.
		Through a number of case studies, we have discovered that no single semantic framework is suitable for the synthesis and analysis of formal feature requirements models, and the choice of modelling language has certain knock-on effects on the transformational design steps which lead to implementation.
		are closely related; finally, the rchitecture oriented approach [20] intends to develop a framework for composing feature with respect...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /gibson99integration.html (777 words)

	CiteULike: A feature-integration theory of attention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The feature-integration theory of attention suggests that attention must be directed serially to each stimulus in a display whenever conjunctions of more than one separable feature are needed to characterize or distinguish the possible objects presented.
		A number of predictions were tested in a variety of paradigms including visual search, texture segregation, identification and localization, and using both separable dimensions (shape and color) and local elements or parts of figures (lines, curves, etc. in letters) as the features to be integrated into complex wholes.
		They offer a new set of criteria for distinguishing separable from integral features and a new rationale for predicting which tasks will show attention limits and which will not.
	www.citeulike.org /user/jekky/article/324129 (275 words)

	A feature integration theory of attention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Treisman and Gelade's Feature Integration theory provided the basis for a number of studies that are still being conducted nearly 20 years following the original publication.
		Not only did the theory explain a large body of data, but more importantly, the theory was clear and easy to understand.
		As with all theories, it cannot explain all the data, but it does explain a large body of data in a clear concise form.
	www.cogsci.umn.edu /OLD/calendar/past_events/millennium/files/0312164619.html (181 words)

	University of Wisconsin-Whitewater \| College of Letters & Sciences
		In addition to teaching, most are actively involved in research and community service, often including students in these endeavors.
		Psychology students apply classroom theory through a variety of field and research experiences.
		The department’s active field programs provide students with a range of placement opportunities at sites that specialize in child, adolescent, adult, and elder services.
	www.uww.edu /cls/departments/psychology (238 words)

	Material for Lecture 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Treisman, A. M., Gelade, G. A feature-integration theory of attention.
		Feature analysis in early vision: Evidence from search asymmetries.
		Parietal contributions to visual feature binding: Evidence from a patient with bilateral lesions.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mayr/435/Lect3.html (99 words)

	Attention (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the 1960s, Anne Treisman began developping the highly influential Feature integration theory (first published under this name in 1980 when it became famous in a paper with G. Gelade).
		This can be seen in what is considered news where a spectacular auto accident easily outweighs a report on particulate pollution by diesel engines although only a few may have died in the accident while thousands may suffer and die due to diesel pollution
		The article further describes attention-tunnels, referred to as monotropism, as a central feature of autism.
	attention.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (948 words)

	From the Cover: Dynamics of feature binding during object-selective attention -- Schoenfeld et al. 100 (20): 11806 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From the Cover: Dynamics of feature binding during object-selective attention -- Schoenfeld et al.
		(1) or to their individual features such as color or shape (2–4).
		neural substrate for the rapid perceptual integration of multifeature
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/20/11806 (3702 words)

	STEP: Scripts: Attention: Treisman and Gelade 1980 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This should show that the more features ("Blue X" versus "Blue Letter") participants have to look for, the slower they will be.
		Additionally, a blue X should be harder to find in a set of green X's and N's than in a set of just green N's.
		MacKay, D.G. Aspects of the theory of comprehension, memory and attention.
	step.psy.cmu.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /scripts/Attention/Treisman1980.html (715 words)

	Theory Resources Page
		Theory is a framework on which to hang knowledge.
		Critical Theory of the Family by Mark Poster, University California, Irvine.
		Will fit into our discussions of accountability, what it is, how we use it.
	www.csudh.edu /dearhabermas/theory.htm (846 words)

	A Model of Saliency-based Visual Attention for Rapid Scene Analysis - Itti, Koch, Niebur (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: A visual attention system, inspired by the behavior and the neuronal architecture of the early primate visual system, is presented.
		Multiscale image features are combined into a single topographical saliency map.
		125 A feature-integration theory of attention (context) - Treisman, Gelade - 1980
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /itti98model.html (585 words)

	Attention (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the 1960s, Anne Treisman developed the highly influential Feature Integration Theory.
		According to this model, attention is responsible for binding different features into consciously experienced wholes.
		Mind as a dynamical system - implications for monotropism A theory of mind as an interest system, in which interests compete for the scarce resource of attention available to the brain.
	attention.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1041 words)

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