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Topic: Federal Bureau of Narcotics

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	The Federal Government's Response to Illicit Drugs, 1969-1978 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Federal regulations and controls on drugs before 1970 were based primarily on the power to levy taxes and prohibit traffic in smuggled goods.
		The principal federal agencies involved in the drug field during this period were the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs in the justice Department; and the Customs Bureau of the Treasury Department.
		But federal drug officials have not conveyed to the public an understanding of the limits to their potential accomplishments; it is far easier politically to highlight occasionally successful programs and to emphasize long-range goals or aspirations.
	www.druglibrary.org /schaffer/library/studies/fada/fada1.htm (15213 words)

	CHAPTER 9 OBSTACLES TO REFORM
		As presently organized the Bureau depends for its very existence upon the status quo, and it is therefore easy to understand that 'it has come to be the symbol of a punitive approach and the most important and influential obstacle to reform.
		In 1939 a federal narcotics agent approached a member of the Board of Trustees of Indiana University and later the President of the university (of whose faculty I was, and still am, a member), with the word that I was a member of or associated with a disreputable organization.
		Bureau publications are ordinarily deferred to as authoritative with respect to questions of enforcement, while those of the Public Health Service officials are regarded as authoritative on the medical, psychiatric, and biological aspects of addiction.
	www.drugtext.org /library/books/adlaw/chapter09.htm (6789 words)

	CHAPTER 3 NARCOTICS OFFENDERS IN COURTS AND PRISONS
		The Narcotics Court served both as a summary trial court and as a court of preliminary hearing for cases to be prosecuted later in the county criminal court.
		The Bureau of Prisons has repeatedly warned that this increase in the number of narcotics offenders in federal prisons has undesirable consequences because a large proportion of these prisoners are not eligible for parole and create custodial problems.
		Narcotics offenses, even those of peddling drugs, are never exactly alike and often there are mitigating circumstances which ought to be taken into account but cannot be because of the inflexible, mandatory nature of the penalties.
	www.drugtext.org /library/books/adlaw/chapter03.htm (10324 words)

	UNODC - Bulletin on Narcotics - 1962 Issue 1 - 001
		Research Director, Narcotics Addiction Research Project, New York, U.S.A. This is a report on the age at which a large sample of known users of narcotic drugs appear to have ceased taking drugs and on the length of time that their addiction covered.
		In order to obtain data on age of termination of addiction, the Federal Bureau of Narcotics made a special tabulation of all the addicts in its files who had originally been reported to the Bureau to be addicts during the calendar year 1955, but who had not been reported again up to 31 December 1959.
		The more we learn about narcotic addiction, the more complex it may appear to be, but the closer we are to a better understanding of the phenomenon or, as it may turn out, of the phenomena subsumed under the designation of narcotic addiction.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/pt/bulletin/bulletin_1962-01-01_1_page002.html (4419 words)

	[No title]
		Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. Petitioner, a prisoner at the federal penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas, filed a pro se complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas pursuant to Bivens v.
		While the courts must, of course, ensure that the Bureau conducts its affairs in accordance with the requirements of the Constitution, the courts should also be careful not to undermine prison discipline by providing "tickets to an immediate confrontation with the guards and supervisors outside the prison and in the court room." Brice v.
		However, Federal Prison System Program Statement 1330.7 at p.3 (1979) makes clear that "(r)esponses shall be in writing." That requirement is reflected in the regulations, which provide that inmates and members of the public must have access to the responses and to an index describing the grievances.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/1990/sg900262.txt (2207 words)

	Bivens v. Six Unknown Fed. Narcotics Agents, 1971
		Petitioner's complaint states a federal cause of action under the Fourth Amendment for which damages are recoverable upon proof of injuries resulting from the federal agents' violation of that Amendment.
		The contention that the federal courts are powerless to accord a litigant damage for a claimed invasion of his federal constitutional rights until Congress explicitly authorizes the remedy cannot rest on the notion that the decision to grant compensatory relief involves a resolution of policy considerations not susceptible of judicial discernment.
		Thus, in suits for damages based on violations of federal statutes lacking any express authorization of a damage remedy, this Court has authorized such relief where, in its view, damages are necessary to effectuate the congressional policy underpinning the substantive provisions of the statute.
	www.lectlaw.com /files/cas80.htm (11228 words)

	Administrative Law Course Packet Set VI
		The mere invocation of federal power by a federal law enforcement official will normally render futile any attempt to resist an unlawful entry or arrest by resort to the local police; and a claim of authority to enter is likely to unlock the door as well.
		The inevitable consequence of this dual limitation on state power is that the federal question becomes not merely a possible defense to the state law action, but an independent claim both necessary and sufficient to make out the plaintiff's cause of action.
		The regulators' actions in urging IASA to convert to federal charter and in intervening with the state agency were directly related to public policy considerations regarding federal oversight of the thrift industry.
	www.wku.edu /Government/adlaws2kset6x.html (7724 words)

	Supreme Court allows private actions against federal agents for constitutional violations - Bivens v. Six Unknown Named ...
		And "where federally protected rights have been invaded, it has been the rule from the beginning that courts will be alert to adjust their remedies so as to grant the necessary relief." Bell v.
		In resolving that question, it seems to me that the range of policy considerations we may take into account is at least as broad as the range of those a legislature would consider with respect to an express statutory authorization of a traditional remedy.
		Standard Oil Co., 332 U.S. Putting aside the desirability of leaving the problem of federal official liability to the vagaries of common-law actions, it is apparent that some form of damages is the only possible remedy for someone in Bivens' alleged position.
	biotech.law.lsu.edu /cases/immunity/bivens.htm (11405 words)

	Guide to the Upcoming Rebellion: Part 4: Hemp Through A Lucid Lens
		This was the very first Federal law in America that criminalized the non-medical use of drugs and it was able to do so because of its peculiar legal structure.
		Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs became the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN); Harry Anslinger was named as Director.
		The Federal government prohibited hemp because it was acting as a patsy for Hearst and DuPont, as well as appealing to the sentiments of racists overly concerned with the habits of those dirty Spanish-speaking bastards from south of the border.
	unquietmind.com /revolt4.html (2615 words)

	The Strength of the Wolf
		This means, in effect, that the federal government has been at war with itself as it simultaneously waged a war on drugs.
		The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was quite reluctant to pursue organized crime.
		The film is based on a real case, handled by the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN), however Valentine suggests that the French Connection case had ramifications far deeper than shown in the movie.
	www.shout.net /~bigred/FBN.htm (1504 words)

	Program Report: RX Accountability Resource Guide - Hawaii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		During this period, the Bureau of Pure Food and Drugs investigator and the one agent from the Federal Bureau of Narcotics were the only drug enforcement agents in Hawaii.
		In 1978, a two year Federal grant was received by INCS which led to the hiring of new investigators.
		In 1988, the Narcotics Enforcement Office was transferred from the Department of Health to the Department of the Attorney General and became the Narcotics Enforcement Division (NED).
	www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov /pubs/program/rx_account/states/hi.htm (1192 words)

	Bureau of Drug Abuse Control - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bureau of Drug Abuse Control was formed as a part of the Food and Drug Administration in February 1966 and existed until 1968 when it was merged with the Federal Bureau of Narcotics to form the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs.
		Categories: United States federal law enforcement agencies
		This page was last modified 07:28, 13 June 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bureau_of_Drug_Abuse_Control (93 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Narcotics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The Afghan Special Narcotics Force (ASNF) is in charge of counter narcotics operations in Afghanistan.
		The ASNF operates under the control of the Afghan Ministry of the Interior.
		The Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan (CNPA) is part of the Afghan Ministry of Interior.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Narcotics (168 words)

	NJ Marijuana Defense: The Practice of New Jersey Criminal Defense Lawyer Allan Marain
		With the increase in the number of middle-class users in the 1960s and 1970s, there came a somewhat greater acceptance of the view that marijuana should not be considered in the same class as narcotics and that U.S. marijuana laws should be relaxed.
		In 2003, a federal appeals court ruled that, with certain restrictions, such users are protected from prosecution.
		A campaign conducted in the 1930s by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Narcotics (now the Drug Enforcement Administration) sought to portray marijuana as a powerful, addicting substance that would lead users into narcotics addiction.
	www.njmarijuana.com /history.htm (1379 words)

	A History of Drug Use & Prohibition
		He concludes with this revealing plea for abolition: "The great difficulty in suppressing this habit among the Indians arises from the fact that the commercial interests involved in the peyote traffic are strongly entrenched, and they exploit the Indian....
		Upon the issue hangs the perpetuation of civilization, the destiny of the world, and the future of the human race." [Quoted in Musto, The American Disease, p.191] 1928 It is estimated that in Germany one out of every hundred physicians is a morphine addict, consuming 0.1 grams of the alkaloid or more per day.
		It is estimated to cost $400 million in three years, and is hailed by Government Rockefeller as the "start of an unending war..." Under the new law, judges are empowered to commit addicts for compulsory treatment for up to five years.
	www.lectlaw.com /files/drg09.htm (4861 words)

	Drug History
		Wine was used at least from the time of the early Egyptians; narcotics from 4000 B.C.; and medicinal use of marijuana has been dated to 2737 BC in China.
		Subsequent Supreme Court decisions made it illegal for doctors to prescribe any narcotic to addicts; many doctors who prescribed maintenance doses as part of an addiction treatment plan were jailed, and soon all attempts at treatment were abandoned.
		By 1970 over 55 federal drug laws and countless state laws specified a variety of punitive measures, including life imprisonment and even the death penalty.
	drugrehabresources.com /drughistory.php (7594 words)

	1930 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		July 26 - Charles Creighton and James Hargis of Missouri begin their return journey to Los Angeles - driving 11 555 km using only a reverse gear.
		July 28 - Richard B. Bennett defeats William Lyon Mackenzie King in federal elections and becomes the Prime Minister of Canada
		The Federal Bureau of Narcotics replaces the Narcotics Division of the Prohibition Unit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1930 (2024 words)

	Un Sacco di Canapa
		But, the two organizations, the FBI and the FBN had some surface similarities and one of them was that a single individual headed each of them for a very long time.
		In the case of the FBI, it was J. Edgar Hoover, and in the case of the FBN it was Harry Anslinger, who was the Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics from 1930 until 1962.
		Just before Anslinger was to testify on the Boggs Act, the doctor who ran for the Government the Lexington, Kentucky narcotics rehabilitation clinic testified ahead of Anslinger and testified that the medical community knew that marijuana wasn't an addictive drug,.
	www.unsaccodicanapa.com /htmlpages/nonmedmj.html (9912 words)

	A History of Drug Use and Prohibition
		1956 The Narcotics Control Act in enacted; it provides the death penalty, if recommended by the jury, for the sale of heroin to a person under eighteen by one over eighteen.
		Know users of drugs and persons charges with an offense under this Law may be committed by an examining magistrate to a nursing home....
		This year we have spent $796.3 million and the budget estimates that have been submitted indicate that we will exceed the $1 billion mark.
	www.sodaknorml.org /history.htm (5905 words)

	Find in a Library: The protectors : Harry J. Anslinger and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 1930-1962
		The protectors : Harry J. Anslinger and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 1930-1962
		-- Bureau of Narcotics -- Officials and employees -- Biography.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/e235d9c96cbfc766a19afeb4da09e526.html (89 words)

	reseaag4
		Marijuana is classified as a dangerous plant by the federal Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, a subagency of the U.S. Department of Justice.
		The new penalties for its use or distribution were five to twenty years for a first offense, ten to forty for a second.
		pg 168 After retiring from the Narcotics Bureau, the indefatigable Anslinger went on to head the American delegation to the UN concerned with drug use.
	www.hempforus.com /reseaag4.htm (9893 words)

	Father of the Drug War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		HARRY J. The Father of the Drug War"
		Commissioner of the U.S. Bureau of Narcotics 1930-1962
		On January 1, 1932, the newly established Federal Bureau of Narcotics, a unit in the Treasury Department, took over from the Alcohol Unit of the department the enforcement of the federal antiopiate and anticocaine laws; and former Assistant Prohibition Commissioner Harry J. Anslinger took over as commissioner of narcotics.
	www.heartbone.com /no_thugs/hja.htm (305 words)

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