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	Federal Charter of 1291 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Citizens of Zürich on 1 May 1351 are read the Federal Charter as they swear allegiance to representatives of Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Lucerne (Luzerner Schilling, 1513).
		The Federal Charter or Letter of Alliance (in German Bundesbrief) documents the Eternal Alliance or League Of The Three Forest Cantons (in German Ewiger Bund der Drei Waldstätten), the union of three cantons in what is now central Switzerland, formed in early August, 1291.
		The document is thus certainly unrelated to the emergence of the modern federal state in 1848, as had sometimes been suggested before the carbon dating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291 (331 words)

	Charter Schools: Federal Funding Available but Barriers Exist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		State charter school laws and policies vary widely regarding the degree of autonomy the schools have, the number of charter schools that may be established, the qualifications of charter school applicants and teachers, and the accountability criteria that charter schools must meet.
		Charter school officials who did not apply cited reasons such as (1) a lack of time to do so, (2) their school was ineligible for funds and therefore did not apply, or (3) they found that applying for these funds would cost more than the funding would provide.
		Charter schools' LEA status, for funding purposes, is generally determined by the states' charter school laws or the agencies in the state that grant charters to schools.
	www.washingtonwatchdog.org /documents/gao/HEHS/GAO-HEHS-98-84.html (13098 words)

	NEA: Charter Schools
		Charter schools should be subject to the same public sector labor relations statutes as traditional public schools, and charter school employees should have the same collective bargaining rights as their counterparts in traditional public schools.
		However, because charter schools promise to improve student achievement as a condition of relief from some of the rules and regulations that apply to traditional public schools, it is appropriate to evaluate their effectiveness.
		Charter schools that were part of the local school district had significantly higher scores than charter schools that served as their own district.
	www.nea.org /charter/index.html (974 words)

	[No title]
		Although the statute permits a charter school to apply for and receive (from the Secretary or the SEA, as the case may be) waivers of statutory and regulatory requirements, it prohibits waivers of any requirement relating to the elements of a “charter school,” as defined in section 5210(1) of ESEA.
		The charter school must recruit in a manner that does not discriminate against students of a particular race, color, national origin, religion, or sex, or against students with disabilities; but the charter school may target additional recruitment efforts toward groups that might otherwise have limited opportunities to participate in the charter school's programs.
		Charter schools may not limit participation in the partnership to religious groups or certain religious groups, and they may not select students or encourage or discourage student participation with particular partners based on the religious or secular nature of the organization.
	www.ed.gov /policy/elsec/guid/cspguidance03.doc (4617 words)

	Applying Federal Civil Rights Laws to Public Charter Schools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Charter schools are public schools under contract – or charter – between a public agency and groups of parents, teachers, community leaders, or others who want to create alternatives and choice within the public school system.
		Public schools, including your charter school, are responsible for complying with several federal civil rights laws, based on their status as recipients of federal financial assistance and as public entities.
		Because charter schools often open in older buildings that may lack attention to accessible design or in contemporary or renovated buildings that were not originally designed for use as public schools, it is important that you be aware of these requirements.
	www.dssc.org /frc/fed/ocr_charter.htm (7753 words)

	Federal Charter School Research Initiatives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Charter schools are public schools that have autonomy from selected state and local rules in exchange for accepting greater responsibility for student performance.
		The evaluation of the federal charter schools program is a comprehensive examination of the impact of this grant program on the development and implementation of charter schools.
		It will identify the key characteristics of federally funded charter schools, staff, and students (including flexibility provisions, educational approaches, accountability structures, student achievement systems and measures), to the extent in which charter schools are targeted to specific populations, and whether charter school students are making progress on student performance and other measures.
	www.uscharterschools.org /lpt/uscs_docs/285 (3039 words)

	Indiana Charter Schools>Frequently Asked Questions
		The federal Public Charter Schools Program was amended in October 1998 by the Charter School Expansion Act of 1998 and in January 2001 by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, Title V, part B. The PCSP grant program provides support to charter schools for planning, program design, and initial implementation of charter schools.
		Federal and state statutes prohibit the use of grant funds for construction, facilities acquisition, and major renovations or alterations to the charter school building.
		A charter school organizer may apply for grant funds for planning activities as soon as the charter is approved.
	www.doe.state.in.us /charterschools/pcsp_faq.html (1319 words)

	Charter Schools Development Center
		Locally-funded charter schools do not have to submit their own ConApp; instead, they should contact their district's ConApp coordinator to ensure that the charter school's information will be included on the district's own ConApp and that the charter school will receive its appropriate share of NCLB funding via the district.
		Charter schools occupying existing school district or county office of education facilities and charter schools receiving reasonably equivalent facilities from their chartering authority pursuant to Education Code Section 47614 (Proposition 39) are not eligible for reimbursement.
		Charter schools interested in applying through a partnership should carefully select each partner for their potential to make substantive collaborative contributions to a comprehensive program that will enable low-income students to stay in school, take appropriate coursework, and go to college.
	www.cacharterschools.org /grants.html (4370 words)

	Charter Oak Federal Credit Union
		Charter Oak Federal Credit Union is a non-profit financial institution organized to serve the changing financial needs of all the member owners.
		Charter Oak is headquartered in Groton, Connecticut, the “Submarine Capitol of the World”.
		Charter Oak Federal Credit Union is a financial services cooperative, owned and operated by its members.
	www.charteroak.org /charteroak/philosophy.asp (405 words)

	American Red Cross Museum
		The charter granted full legal standing to the organization and protected its right to use the red cross emblem while setting fines and punishment for misuse of the emblem and for false representation of the organization.
		The charter required the Red Cross to submit an annual report "of its proceedings for the preceding year, including a full, complete, and itemized report of receipts and expenditures of whatever kind" to the Secretary of War for audit by the War Department and subsequent submission to Congress.
		The charter remains, however, the organic document of the Red Cross and, as such, formally recognizes the close association of the organization with the American people and their government.
	www.redcross.org /museum/history/charter.asp (2317 words)

	Utah Charter Schools
		The goal of charter schools is to provide additional educational options with quality outcomes for students and parents.
		Charter schools are public schools open to all students.
		The Utah Charter Schools FAQ describes some of the unique qualities of charter schools in Utah.
	www.usoe.k12.ut.us /charterschools (216 words)

	Charles County Public Schools - Public Charter
		By law, the public charter school must include “Public Charter School” as part of its name. In addition, under Board policy, the school must not be named for a person who is living, and the name should not be too similar to that of an existing school in the county.
		If the proposed charter school includes particular methods, strategies or programs for meeting the needs of students at-risk of academic failure, provide a description of the challenges faced in educating the targeted population and describe such methods, strategies and/or programs that the charter school plans to use to address the needs of these students.
		The public charter school must comply with all federal and state laws concerning student discipline. In addition, discipline policies and procedures must be the same as those stated in the Charles County Board of Education policies, as well as the Code of Student Conduct, unless otherwise modified in the Charter Agreement.
	www.ccboe.com /site/charter/CharterApplication.htm (3874 words)

	Federal Union \| Charter of Fundamental Rights
		Of course, the Charter recognises that any European Union citizen resident in an EU Member State of which he or she is not a national may nevertheless vote or stand as a candidate in European or municipal elections under the same conditions as nationals of that State.
		A federal constitution would be expected to contain both a catalogue of citizen's rights applicable throughout the federation and a clear statement of the divisions of competences between the federal and sub-federal levels of government.
		The Charter, however, is not a constitution and it betrays at times an uneasiness about the relation~ ship between Member States and the EU where basic rights are concerned.
	www.federalunion.org.uk /europe/parrycharter.shtml (1908 words)

	JS Online:
		The flight to federal charters is taking place at a time when a bill to help level the playing field between state savings banks and federal ones is stuck in the state Legislature.
		A federal charter opens the door to that possibility for a bank without requiring it to obtain separate charters in each state.
		A federal charter, even though it is more expensive than a state charter, also has an advantage in that it cuts down on visits from bank examiners.
	www.jsonline.com /bym/news/jan02/12419.asp?format=print (817 words)

	ASSURE - Optional Federal Charter Legislation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A separate federal charter proposal was introduced in the House of Representatives in February 2002 by Rep. John LaFalce (D-NY).
		Opponents of federal regulation stress that a federal charter cannot simply be overlaid upon the state system without preempting essential state laws and regulations (home and auto coverage requirements, litigation rules, workers’ compensation, etc.) that are the basis of insurance products sold in each state.
		ASSURE opposes the federal charter proposals that were introduced in Congress during 2002.
	www.assureusa.org /fed_charter.htm (963 words)

	Part B - Public Charter Schools
		`(i) assisting other individuals with the planning and start-up of one or more new public schools, including charter schools, that are independent of the assisting charter school and the assisting charter school's developers, and that agree to be held to at least as high a level of accountability as the assisting charter school;
		The measures similarly shall ensure that every charter school expanding its enrollment in any subsequent year of operation receives the Federal funding for which the charter school is eligible not later than 5 months after such expansion.
		To the extent practicable, the Secretary and each authorized public chartering agency shall ensure that implementation of this subpart results in a minimum of paperwork for any eligible applicant or charter school.
	www.ed.gov /legislation/ESEA02/pg62.html (3831 words)

	NAMIC Opposes Optional Federal Charter
		WASHINGTON (April 5, 2006)—The National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies (NAMIC) announced its strong opposition to the federal regulation of the property/casualty insurance industry under the so-called “optional federal charter” proposal that is scheduled to be announced at a press conference tomorrow by Sens.
		Proponents of an optional federal charter argue that the legislation would simply create an alternative regulatory scheme for those who seek it.
		Current banking law gives banks the choice of being regulated under either a federal or state charter, but all banks are subject to some regulation by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), regardless of their charter.
	www.namic.org /newsreleases06/060404nr1.asp (791 words)

	Algiers Charter Schools Association (ACSA)
		First and foremost, a charter school is a public school.
		• for that freedom they must create a “charter”- a contract - which the school must adhere to and by which the charter school is evaluated by the authorizing agency which oversees it.
		Any child in a school district that operates a charter school is eligible to apply for admission to a charter public school.
	www.algierscharterschools.org /faqs.htm (1394 words)

	Minnesota Charter School Resource Center (MCSRC) Handbook
		Charter schools should incorporate early, as incorporation limits the liability of individuals involved with the school.
		Charter school boards must simply draft articles of incorporation for the school and submit them, with a $70 filing fee, to the Minnesota Secretary of State.
		Federal tax-exempt status is often referred to as "501(c)(3) status," a reference to the section of the Internal Revenue Code under which tax-exempt status would be granted.
	www.hhh.umn.edu /centers/school-change/handbook/legal.htm (1112 words)

	Looking in the wrong place: the flaw in the new federal charter school study Education Next - Find Articles
		Because these charters held a lottery to select their students, the research team could compare the achievement of applicants who were admitted with a similar group who remained in a traditional public school.
		Students entering charter schools in grades 4-8 fell behind as a result of the move.
		It is thus unfortunate that the projected federal study of charters, unless quickly redesigned, will focus primarily on middle schools.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0MJG/is_4_5/ai_n15675340 (672 words)

	Senators Introduce Optional Federal Charter Legislation
		Other reasons include: additional regulatory burdens on agents and brokers; the OFC could complicate solvency regulation; federal regulation could eventually threaten state premium tax revenue, critical funding heavily relied upon by the states for various purposes; and that the OFC could have a negative impact on state residual market mechanisms and other state funds.
		In addition, he said, an optional federal charter would significantly improve the ability of regulators to monitor the solvency and financial stability of insurers.
		Opponents of a federal charter prefer the approach taken in another bill, the State Modernization and Regulatory Transparency or SMART Act.
	www.insurancejournal.com /news/national/2006/04/05/67081.htm (1507 words)

	Consensus emerging on federal charter, says talks mediator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He said there was a "convergence of opinion" towards the charter, noting there was basic agreement on a federal system of government.
		The technical committee on federalism could not agree on a single set of recommendations and submitted two separate reports - one for a unitary state and the other for a federal state.
		The charter is only for the interim," he pointed out.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=34025 (501 words)

	Legislation & Regulations - Utah Charter Schools
		As public schools Utah Charter Schools must comply with all federal and state legislation and federal regulations.
		Charter Schools are also responsible to comply with all State Board rules except those specifically waived in their charter.
		State Charter School Board to authorize the establishment of charter schools
	www.usoe.k12.ut.us /charterschools/legislation.htm (165 words)

	Charter One \| Charter One Federal and Alternative Loans
		As a leading provider of education financing, Charter One prides ourselves on making education possible for students.
		Charter One offers this rate reduction during all repayment, deferment and forbearance periods as long as the borrower maintains on time payments.
		All Federal PLUS Loans area assessed a 3% origination fee of the principal amount borrowed.
	www.charterone.com /muc (385 words)

	CNN.com - House votes on repealing federal charter of Boy Scouts - September 12, 2000
		He said having a federal charter is an honor and "we hope to continue to live up to that honor."
		The Boy Scouts of America got its federal charter in 1916, six years after it was founded.
		While it confers no specific benefits, receiving a federal charter is a mark of prestige and national recognition for a group.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/12/boyscouts.congress.ap (667 words)

	National Alliance for Public Charter Schools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At the request of Ohio’s top government and education leaders, the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, National Association of Charter School Authorizers, and National Alliance for Public Charter Schools have issued a report seeking to strengthen the state’s charter school program.
		The U.S. Department of Education has awarded $2,321,746 to the National Alliance for Public Charter Schools to help build the infrastructure necessary to meet the growing demand for high-performing charter schools across the country.
		The Alliance was one of seven state and national organizations that received national leadership grants from the federal Charter Schools Program.
	www.publiccharters.org (137 words)

	Swiss Federal Charter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Jet Aviation provided a safe lift for the Swiss Federal Charter, known as the Schweizer Bundesbrief, from John F. Kennedy Airport to Philadelphia International Airport.
		The 715-year-old document from 1291, which never has been shown outside of Switzerland, will be placed in the Sister Republics exhibit for three weeks at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia.
		The Swiss Federal Charter was brought to the National Constitution Center by Swiss Roots, a Switzerland promotion initiative.
	www.yenra.net /history/swiss-federal-charter.html (109 words)

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