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	Switzerland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The cantons, loosely bound by a federal diet and by individual treaties and often torn by internal feuds, were seriously split by the Reformation, preached by Zwingli at Zürich and by Calvin at Geneva.
		Switzerland was an island of prosperity when, in 1648, at the end of the war, its formal independence was recognized in the Peace of Westphalia.
		Switzerland was a member of the League of Nations, and although it has long participated in many activities of the United Nations, it did not become a UN member until 2002 for fear that its neutrality would be compromised.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sw/Switzerl.html (1841 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Switzerland
		Switzerland also contains a large number of lakes, the largest of which are on the edges of the Alps and the Jura, such as Geneva or Leman, Constance, Neuchâtel, Lucerne, Lugano, Maggiore, and Zürich.
		The Federal Council is responsible for the exercise of its office to the Federal Assembly, yet the rejection by the chambers of a bill offered by a member of the Federal Council does not necessitate the dismissal of the respective member.
		The federal attorney-general is appointed by the Federal Council.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14358a.htm (8027 words)

	II Journal: European Integration and Swiss Identities
		Switzerland is a political construction that had never been pre-defined by geographic, ethnic or linguistic borders.
		A very complicated event is the election of the federal counselors of this party, because it is the bourgeois majority of the parliament that often elects a member of the Social-Democratic party who is not an official candidate of the party.
		There are the explicit statements about Switzerland, and there are the very detailed descriptions of Swiss life, life in the villages, in the smaller and the larger towns--two approaches that reflect the two discourses about Europe I mentioned before, a more abstract one and a more practical one.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/journal/vol2no1/v2n1_Swiss_Identities.html (3765 words)

	A2Z Languages: History and Government of Switzerland
		Switzerland followed a much different history from that of its European neighbors, mostly because no ruler since the 14th century was able to claim more than a theoretical lordship over the small, yet well organized group of cantons that comprised Switzerland.
		This location left the Confederacy of Switzerland well placed to interfere in the continual power struggles of the period, and the reputation of their army – probably the most powerful in Europe at the end of the 15th century brought fear to their enemies.
		Given Switzerland’s continuing prosperity, economic arguments are rarely heard, although there is a broad acceptance – especially in the financial community – that the Euro will become a standard feature of commercial life in the near future.
	www.a2zlanguages.com /switzerland/countryguide/history.htm (950 words)

	Visit Switzerland Online
		Switzerland's independence and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and Switzerland was not involved in either of the two World Wars.
		Switzerland is a federal state composed of 26 cantons (20 are "full" cantons and six "half" cantons for purposes of representation in the federal legislature) that retain attributes of sovereignty, such as fiscal autonomy and the right to manage internal cantonal affairs.
		This democratic rural movement gave birth to the «Landesgemeinde», a sovereign assembly of canton inhabitants and a similar movement was led by the city guilds.
	www.visiteuropeonline.com /visitswitzerlandonline.htm (3900 words)

	Switzerland History \| iExplore.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The history of Switzerland has followed a broadly different course from that of its European neighbors, mainly because no ruler since the 14th century was able to claim more than a theoretical suzerainty over the small, well-organized and prosperous group of cantons that comprise it.
		Switzerland has a typical West European mixed economy with a bias towards light and craft-based industries: Swiss precision manufacturing such as watch-making is renowned throughout the world.
		Switzerland is not a member of the European Union, although nearly two-thirds of its exports are sold to EU countries.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Switzerland/History (1304 words)

	Can the European Union Be Multilingual and Democratic by Steve Sailer for UPI; Denmark, EU, euro, democracy deficit
		Inga Johnson of Women Against the European Union, called it a "rich man's project," driven by the "raw forces of capitalism." She saw the euro as a threat to Denmark's pervasive system of state-funded daycare, which allows 71% of Danish women to work full time, the highest percentage in Europe.
		Fewer and fewer democratic controls are tolerated since the people are deemed to be not well-enough informed to vote on the many esoteric issues that come up.
		Switzerland is a very pleasant country, but it is not much of a state by modern standards.
	www.isteve.com /2000_European_Union_Democratic_or_Multilingual.htm (1732 words)

	Switzerland (03/07)
		Switzerland is a federal state composed of 26 cantons (20 are "full" cantons and six "half" cantons for purposes of representation in the federal legislature) that retain attributes of sovereignty, such as fiscal autonomy and the right to manage internal cantonal affairs.
		Switzerland was ranked as the most competitive economy in the World Economic Forum’s 2006 Global Competitiveness Report for the first time, reflecting the country’s sound institutional environment, excellent infrastructure, efficient markets, competent macroeconomic management, world-class educational attainment, and high levels of technological innovation, which boost Switzerland's competitiveness in the global economy.
		Switzerland is a democratic country subscribing to most of the ideals with which the United States is identified.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3431.htm (7649 words)

	Switzerland
		In April 2003, the Federal Tribunal ruled that it was constitutional to refuse a license to run a private school to a body affiliated with the Church of Scientology because of the latter's controversial nature, a stance the court had already taken in 1993 and 1996.
		According to the Federal Statistics Office, 24 persons were convicted in 2002 under the 1995 anti-racism law (down from 38 convictions in 2001), whereas 3 persons were sentenced for interfering with religious freedom or freedom to worship (down from 4 convictions in 2001).
		In July 2000, the Federal Tribunal ruled that a unilateral repudiation by a Muslim man against his wife could not be recognized because it contravened the country's values of justice and the basic rights of a defendant to appeal.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2004/35487.htm (3220 words)

	general elections in switzerland
		Conversely the Christian Democrat Party, that has been on the decline for the past few years (15.90% of the vote during the last federal election), has become the weakest government party and is therefore over represented within the Federal Council where it has two representatives.
		The Central Democratic Union is strengthening its position as the country's leading political party with 26% of the intention to vote.
		The constitution of the future parliamentary majority (strengthening or not of the conservative forces) and the modification of the magic formula (increased presence of the Central Democratic Union) are the two main stakes of the Swiss federal elections on 19th October next.
	www.robert-schuman.org /anglais/oee/suisse/default.htm (2040 words)

	onlinefx destination guide to germany
		It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea, to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic, to the south by Austria and Switzerland, and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands.
		The Federal Republic of Germany is a member state of the United Nations, NATO, the G8 and the G4 nations, and is a founding member of the European Union.
		Its neighbours are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, France and Luxembourg in the south-west and Belgium and the Netherlands in the north-west.
	www.onlinefx.co.uk /fx/Stores/OnlineFX/destinationguide/germany.asp (639 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Soviet Union / Glossary
		A term coined by Joseph V. Stalin to indicate that the Soviet Union was surrounded by capitalist states pursuing political, military, and economic policies aimed at weakening and destroying the Soviet regime.
		The term is derived from the Mongol altan ordo or the Tatar altun ordu, literally meaning golden palace or camp, apparently based on the color of the tent used by Batu Khan (died 1255), the leader or ruler, during the Golden Horde's conquest of the region.
		In the Soviet Union, the Uriate Church is found primarily in the western Ukrainian Republic, where it has been referred to as the Ukrainian Catholic Church.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/soviet_union/su_glos.html (9351 words)

	TEAM - The European Alliance of EU-critical Movements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Switzerland is a devolved confederation, while the US brand of federalism is one of centralization and self-consolidation that moves towards stronger central government.
		This is the outcome of a federal regime with a common governing body, a common legislative and executive body, and a common criminal justice system, wholly ruling over a common political body of EU citizenry.
		This is not a union that hegemonizes laws in order to rule over the people through the services of its member-states (the State as a serving tool), but an alliance based on a collegial model aimed at safeguarding individual rights and freedom within that alliance (the State as a free partner among equals).
	www.ljudmila.org /team/members/kevin-federalism.htm (1297 words)

	Clarence K. Streit: Union Now (1939)
		A union is a government by the people: Its laws are made by the individuals in it acting each through his representatives as a unit of equal voting power in choosing and changing them, each state's voting power in the union government being ordinarily in close proportion to its population.
		Union calls on each democracy to remove itself the absolutism governing its relations with the other democracies, and to leave it to the people of each dictatorship to decide then for themselves whether they will maintain or overthrow the absolutism governing them not only externally but internally.
		Union provides equally for the protection of the democracies against attack by foreign autocracy while it remains and for the admission of each autocratic country into the Union once it becomes a democracy in the only possible way — by the will and effort of its own people.
	www.constitution.org /aun/union_now.htm (19903 words)

	Switzerland Government Information
		New federal legislation also is subject to popular review, under the so-called referendum: 50,000 signatures suffice to call a ballot vote on any federal law adopted by parliament.
		The Federal Assembly individually elects the seven Federal Councilors in a joint session of both houses at the opening of a new legislature.
		Federal Councilors are elected for 4-year terms; there are no term limits and no provision to recall the cabinet or individual members during the legislature.
	www.traveldocs.com /ch/govern.htm (1473 words)

	A Brief History of Switzerland
		Switzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics.
		The authenticity of the Federal Charter is disputed with many historians agreeing that it is in fact a forgery of the 14th century.
		Switzerland is not a member state of the EU but applied for membership therein in May 1992.
	www.magicaljourneys.com /Switzerland/switzerland-interest-history.html (998 words)

	LLRX -- Introduction to the Swiss Legal System: A Guide for Foreign Researchers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Switzerland is a federal state that lies at the heart of Europe and is bordered by Germany (to the north), Austria and the Principality of Liechtenstein (to the east), Italy (to the south) and France (to the west).
		The Federal Assembly, the Swiss parliament, is a bicameral one.
		In addition, on the federal level all changes of the Constitution and the membership to some international organizations must be accepted by the majority of the people and the cantons.
	www.llrx.com /features/swiss.htm (4326 words)

	Union Busting and Capitalist "Democracy"
		The massive fines levied against transit workers and the jail threats against their union leaders are an object lesson in the class nature of this “democratic” capitalist society.
		Unions in the U.S. were built at the cost of the lives and livelihoods of thousands of workers in the course of bitter battles.
		For the unions to become instruments of militant struggle against the exploiters requires fighting against the politics of the labor bureaucracy, which places faith in capitalist politicians and state agencies.
	www.icl-fi.org /english/wv/867/union.html (3610 words)

	Government Of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		If you would like to use this flag of Switzerland or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this map of Switzerland or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this information for Switzerland or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /country_guides/switzerland_country_government.shtml (577 words)

	The Myth of Democratic Peace: Why Democracy Cannot Deliver Peace in the 21st Century by James Ostrowski
		The truth is, democratic states produce nuclear weapons, not to defend against a specific enemy, but to advance their power, which is after all the coin of the political realm.
		In certain cases, a democratic government was overthrown because of the feeling of an ethnic or religious subgroup that its interests were not being advanced by the democratic state.
		The natural tendency of democratic government is to grow in size, power and scope, a critical fact that seems to have escaped the notice of the democratic pacifists.
	www.lewrockwell.com /ostrowski/ostrowski72.html (9092 words)

	Living in Switzerland - The System - AngloINFO Geneva (Switzerland)
		Legislative power is exercised by the United Federal Assembly, which consists of two chambers with equal rights: the Council of States (46 deputies representing the cantons) and the National Council (200 deputies representing the people).
		The highest judicial authority is the Federal Supreme Court, whose seat is in Lausanne.
		As in all democratic states, the citizens of Switzerland elect representatives to act in their name.
	geneva.angloinfo.com /countries/switzerland/life.asp (483 words)

	Le Mont De Sisyphe - le blog qui rend beau et intelligent: Switzerland - European Union: dispute on taxation
		Switzerland is under pressure from the European Union because Swiss corporate taxation is less predatory than the European one - this fact is considered to constitute "harmful" tax competition.
		Funny argument when you think of the paramount sums granted as subsidies within the European Union to all sorts of sectors: Out of the 120 billion Euros of the EU's 2006 budget at least 83 billions were spent on subsidies (you know the things called "Cohesion", "Welfare", "Natural ressources" etc.).
		Switzerland has two things to do now: Get back the initiative by considerably lowering or even abolishing corporate taxation in general - at least the direct federal profit tax (which exists besides cantonal taxation and amounts to a 8.5% rate).
	sisyphosmount.blogspot.com /2007/03/switzerland-european-union-dispute-on.html (554 words)

	International Vegetarian Union - Vegetarian Federal Union 1889-1911
		The Vegetarian Federal Union, its possibilities and its policy - by Mr Hills, The Vegetarian, December 21, 1889
		During 1895, further confusion was caused by the creation of the 'London Vegetarian Association' - this was a 'local union' of the societies in the various London districts (which were all members of VFU as well).
		It appears that the 'London Vegetarian Association' (a Federation of groups in the London area) had also closed in the meantime.
	www.ivu.org /history/vfu (2386 words)

	U.S. money has helped opposition in Ukraine \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		In most cases, it was funneled through organizations such as the Eurasia Foundation or through groups aligned with Republicans and Democrats that organized election training, with human rights forums or with independent news outlets.
		The State Department gave the National Democratic Institute, a group of Democratic foreign policy experts, nearly $48 million for worldwide democracy-building programs last year.
		It also has been a main financial and administrative supporter of the Committee of Voters of Ukraine, an election watchdog group that said the presidential vote was not conducted fairly.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20041211/news_1n11usaid.html (829 words)

	FRB: Speech, Gramlich -- Inflation targeting -- January 13, 2000
		The Federal Reserve operates under the Federal Reserve Act, which requires the Fed to try to achieve maximum employment along with price stability.
		The ideals of transparency and credibility certainly have democratic value in their own right, but they may also pay off in narrower economic terms.
		Second, the Federal Reserve is strongly committed to controlling inflation, however formally this goal is specified in the Fed's mandate.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boarddocs/speeches/2000/20000113.htm (4588 words)

	Casino News & Articles - October 20, 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Democrats are more evenly divided with 41 percent on each side of the issue.
		The new federal law makes the bill clearly illegal, said Stenehjem, who is a director of the Bank of North Dakota.
		"The federal law prohibits the use of credit cards, which are issued through banks, and the use of banking institutions to transfer money to pay off the gambling debt," he said.
	casinocashjourney.com /casino_news_oct_20_06.htm (10838 words)

	Chronology: Switzerland and the Second World War. Detailed Overview of Events 1998. Swiss Parliamentary Services.
		According to an investigation of the Federal Department of Culture, the art objects which came into Switzerland between 1933 and 1945 and which are property of the Federal government are not of doubtful origin.
		The legal foundations for the "Solidarity Fund Switzerland" are released by the Federal Council for hearings (until mid-September) (Press release).
		The Federal Court denies a complaint against the "Nazigold und Judengeld" broadcast of the BBC coproduction, primarily on formal grounds.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/Switzerland4.htm (2216 words)

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