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	NNDPA - Theater Projects
		FEDERAL THEATER PROJECT was the largest and most ambitious effort mounted by the Federal Government to organize and produce theater events.
		It was also hoped that the project would result in the establishment of theater so vital to community life that it would continue to function after the FTP program was completed.
		Unfortunately the entire project was shut down on June 30, 1939 after a congressional investigation that focused on the project being communistic.
	www.newdeallegacy.org /theater_projects.html (388 words)

	UW Press - : Voices from the Federal Theatre, Bonnie Nelson Schwartz and the Educational Film Center, Congressional ...
		The Federal Theater is also experimenting in a study of theater forms, in the simplification of scene and costume, in a study of light, line, choric speech, and dynamic movement.
		It is an amazing fact that of the 25,000,000 people who have witnessed Federal Theater productions to date, 65 percent indicate on their questionnaires that they have never before seen a play with living actors, but that having started, they intend to continue to go to plays.
		Since the Federal theater project is a federally sponsored project there has been no strict reporting of contributions from cooperating sponsors, who are not the same as official sponsors on local projects.
	www.wisc.edu /wisconsinpress/books/VoicesBeforeCongress.htm (9427 words)

	February 6, 1995 - Library of Congress Information Bulletin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Though theater is an ephemeral art, it leaves a trail of scripts, posters and photographs that tell volumes about the history and culture of the times when the actors trod the boards.
		The Federal Theater Project was the first of four government relief programs for artists established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of the U.S. Work Projects Administration (WPA) to alleviate unemployment during the Great Depression.
		The authors also noted a project rule that the Living Newspapers had to be based on current events, hence the collection today holds some 202 archival boxes of period newspaper clippings, some of which were spun into plays by out-of-work journalists.
	www.loc.gov /loc/lcib/9503/1930.html (1246 words)

	Introduction to Theatre -- Federal Theatre Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The four arts projects spent less than 3/4 of 1 percent of the total WPA budget, yet were blamed for being un-democratic and wasteful.
		Hopkins hired Flanagan to be the head of the Federal Theater Project; which was divided into five areas—New York City, the East, the South, the Midwest, and the West.
		The Federal Theatre Project had brought theatre to millions who had never seen theatre before, it employed millions of people, it introduced European epic theatre and Living Newspaper theatre techniques to the United States, and hence could be seen as a great success.
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/spd130et/s-f99/federaltheatre.htm (1894 words)

	Political Film Society - Cradle Will Rock
		One WPA project, the Federal Theater Project, re-employed theatrical workers around the country.
		As the film begins, Federal Theater Project's budget is cut 33 percent (presumably, as we learn later, to force the firing of Communists and nonfunding of leftist productions).
		As he begins to sing the part of the female lead, she suddenly stands up in the audience to sing her part, and members of the cast follow suit, so the musical is performed after all.
	www.geocities.com /~polfilms/cradlewillrock.html (406 words)

	Black Theater in Boston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The inclusion of a "Negro" unit in the Federal Theater Project was one of the most important developments in the history of Black theater.
		By 1935 Federal Theaters were established in major cities across the country and many of the Boston Players were placed on the payroll of the Negro Federal Theater of Massachusetts.
		The project ended in 1939 amidst controversy of possible Communist influence, when Congress shut down funding for the entire Federal Theater.
	www.bostonblackhistory.org /theatre/theatre.html (431 words)

	Federal Theatre Project - Special Collections - University of Iowa Libraries - The University of Iowa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Federal Theater, part of the Works Progress Administration's Art Project, began its life in October of 1935, after the realization came that playwrights and actors, stagehands and costume designers were no less hungry and out of work in the Great Depression than other Americans.
		By mid-1936, 153 producing theaters were operating in 28 of the 48 states, playing to 359,000 people weekly, many of whom had never seen live theater before.
		Theater critics raved about its efforts, but reviews from some of its congressional producers, who provided the appropriations, were less favorable.
	www.lib.uiowa.edu /spec-coll/MSC/ToMsc350/MsC314/MsC314_fedtheatre.htm (1097 words)

	Introduction
		To be eligible for theater payroll, one had to qualify for unemployment, thus a tension evolved between having talent and qualifying for relief.
		Though theaters could “exempt up to 10 percent of their employees from this relief qualification in order to address specific requirements of production,”(9) the maintenance of good talent was always an issue.
		I believe the Federal Theater, which is one small part of the large pattern, is honestly trying in every possible way the best interests of the people of this democracy.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA04/mccain/audiohist/intro.htm (1333 words)

	Federal Theatre Project - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Federal Theater Project (FTP) was a New Deal project to fund theater and other live artistic performances in the United States during the Great Depression.
		The FTP was established September 12, 1935 after a legislative and administrative prologue.
		Hopkins added to the difficulty of her job by promising the FTP would be "free, adult, and uncensored." At the time, this statement appeared to FTP directors as a green light to all FTP projects, regardless of their political or social content.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federal_Theater_Project (575 words)

	The Reader
		Also known as documentary drama, reality theater, and theatrical journalism, today the term documentary theater seems to indicate that most of the dialogue for a piece is verbatim transcription of what people actually said.
		While documentary theater is limited as a factual document, its powers lie in the ability of the art form to delve into the emotions, issues or lessons behind the facts.
		The similarities between The Laramie Project and the work of Anna Deavere Smith are obvious – a play culled from interviews with the people closest to a traumatic and controversial event, later performed by the interviewers in a presentational style, where the characters talk primarily to the audience.
	www.charlievictorromeo.com /thereader/TheReader.htm (1807 words)

	Vaudevillians & Communists \| Pullout \| Starvin' Artists \| The Stranger, Seattle's Only Newspaper
		In her 1940 book Arena, Hallie Flanagan, national director of the Depression-era Federal Theater Project, writes that "Seattle was a show town from the days of the tinny piano in the saloon." Vaudeville was a big deal in Seattle, says local actress and theater historian Laura Drake.
		In Seattle, the Federal Theater was directed by Glenn Hughes, head of the drama department at the University of Washington.
		Despite the drying up of federal funding for the arts and the demise of some third-wave theaters like Alice B. and the Bathhouse in recent years, dozens of Seattle companies produce hundreds of shows every year, and new companies continue to emerge, produce, and sometimes die.
	www.thestranger.com /seattle/Content?oid=7341 (1153 words)

	Federal Theatre Project Collection: About the WPA Federal Theatre Project
		Hallie Flanagan was sworn in as director of the drama project (FTP) on August 29, 1935.
		All managers of the FTP were accountable, through the Director of the Federal Theatre in Washington, to the Director of Professional and Service Projects, under whom the four arts projects constituted one unit under the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
		The Loan and Coordinating Project of the Federal Theatre Project was established in New York City at the beginning of February 1937.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/fedtp/ftwpa.html (3103 words)

	[No title]
		The NEA is widely supported by the federal government, including state agencies, non-profit organizations and local charities.
		For every federal dollar awarded to arts programs, the NEA and other organizations raise an average of $11 in other public and private monetary allowances to sponsor the arts programs in public schools and nonprofit organizations.
		Recently, the two federal programs that bestow grants to artists, scholars and cultural institutions in the U.S., have been the focus of recurring debates.
	www.unc.edu /~holta/J50/drama/federal_theater_project.doc (332 words)

	Film & TV: Show Stoppers (Weekly Alibi . 01-24-00)
		Hiring unemployed actors, musicians and playwrights, and charging them with distributing theater to the masses, the Federal Theater Project was one of the most ambitious and controversial artistic endeavors of the 20th century.
		By its zenith, the Federal Theater Project had brought art and culture to more than a quarter of the American population.
		By the end of its short life, however, the FTP was torn apart by spurious accusation of Communist infiltration and became a beachhead for governmental censorship.
	weeklywire.com /ww/01-24-00/alibi_filmreview.html (694 words)

	More Puppet Life articles
		One of the most successful efforts of the Federal Theater Project (created in 1935 under Franklin Roosevelt's administration) was the Children's Theater.
		The Federal Puppet Theater in Los Angeles was on Wilshire Boulevard one block west of Western.
		Another blow to the Federal Puppet Theater was the national attention given to the stagehands of the Pinocchio company.
	www.thepuppetstudio.com /Articles3.html (4809 words)

	"It Was a Wildly Exciting Time": Milton Meltzer Remembers the New Deal's Federal Theatre Project
		Some people in the Project, some now great names such as Jackson Pollock, the painter he was fired at least six times in the three or four years he spent on the Project and got back on, again and again.
		It was a union of the unemployed and those on relief projects, and it was national in scope, and it had local, city-wide chapters, and all of us were very busy in that union because it was the one means to protect our jobs.
		And the theater was full and the actors were all set in their costumes and so on.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/132 (1010 words)

	[No title]
		The Federal Theatre project remained the primary organization for theater in New York until 1939.
		Congress ended the Federal Theater project on June 30, 1939 for economic and political reasons.
		Their stated purpose was to safeguard the nation from the danger of propaganda, being broadcast to the American public.
	www.unc.edu /~holta/J50/drama/week_eleven_quiz.doc (247 words)

	Federal Project Number One
		Known as "Federal One" for short, Federal Project Number One was created in 1935 as a subdivision of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) that sought to extend the relief of the New Deal to artists, actors, writers, and musicians.
		ER lent her wholehearted support to the creation of the Federal One programs, lobbied FDR to sign the executive order creating them, praised the projects in her columns and speeches, and defended them against congressional critics.
		ER felt particularly attached to Federal One's Federal Theater Project and she delighted in the artistic work that she saw being crafted with federal dollars.
	www.nps.gov /elro/glossary/federal-project-number1.htm (385 words)

	The WPA
		Federal One was the umbrella organization for the government’s artistic and professional work-relief programs.
		He was one of the project’s half-dozen state editors who worked at converting raw copy submitted by some one hundred field workers into finishing chapters for the Florida guide.
		Project work includes bas-relief designs of Florida fauna, carved in native stone on the Coral Gables Library; murals in the Orlando Chamber of Commerce; over-mantel decorations in the student union building at the University of Florida; seven murals in the Tony Jannus Administration Building at the Tampa airport; and many murals in school buildings.
	www.broward.org /library/bienes/lii10213.htm (3370 words)

	Federal Theatre (Memory): American Treasures of the Library of Congress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Established in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the Federal Theatre Project (FTP) was part of the Works Progress Administration and was active from 1935 to 1939.
		It was administered entirely by, and was wholly a function of, the Federal government and was intended to provide employment for theater professionals during the Great Depression.
		The 1937 FTP production of Christopher Marlowe's rarely staged Elizabethan play was, artistically, one of the most notable productions in the history of the American theater.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/treasures/trm017.html (518 words)

	Federal Theater Project
		That decade of economic catastrophe produced a golden age in American theater, which largely brought about by The Federal Theater Project, which was funded by the Works Progress Administration in order to provide work to struggling members of the theater community during the Depression.
		But the Federal Theater for Youth also hoped that its plays would be educational, in the deepest sense.
		The Federal Theater for Youth closed for good in June of 1939 with the cutting off of funds for the Federal Theater Project as a whole.
	www.recess.ufl.edu /transcripts/2004/0129.shtml (292 words)

	Culture Shock: Flashpoints: Theater, Film, and Video: The Federal Theater Project's The Cradle Will Rock
		Responding to unemployment in the cultural arena, the WPA institutes Federal Music, Art, Writers, and Theater Projects, employing 40,000 people in units across the country.
		The New York theater unit hosts a remarkable company of writers, actors, directors, and crew, led by producer John Houseman and his protégé director, 21-year-old Orson Welles.
		This break with the WPA gives birth to the Mercury Theater, which in various incarnations produces some of the most memorable productions of the '30s.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/theater/cradlewillrock.html (365 words)

	The Federal Theatre Project \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Theatre Project helped develop an entire generation of directors, playwrights, designers and performers - who went on to bring an aesthetic to professional (then Broadway) theatre that is sorely lacking currently.
		Of particular interest is Revolt of the Beavers, in some ways the beginning of the end for the Federal Theater Project.
		A guiding idea of the WPA was to head off left-wing agitation, and yet many, many of the people involved in the projects were extremely progressive artists who saw the program as a way of getting their politics (which they saw inextricable from their art) into the public.
	www.metafilter.com /comments.mefi/22394 (475 words)

	FTP Photographs
		The Federal Theatre Project (FTP) was a division of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which was established to provide work for unemployed citizens during the Great Depression 1929-1939.
		The FTP began in August 1935 and flourished as the first and only government sponsored and subsidized theater program in the United States.
		Project photographers recorded not only the actual theater productions themselves, they captured, on film, the reheasals, the audience, the behind-the-scenes work of the stage crew, and the equipment used to produce FTP plays.
	www.gmu.edu /library/specialcollections/ftpphoto.html (513 words)

	Ambitious, deeply flawed Cradle Will Rock, written and directed by Tim Robbins. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Part of the WPA is the Federal Theater Project, employing out-of-work performers, directors, composers, playwrights, stagehands and others involved in theater work.
		When the head of the Project, Hallie Flanagan, tries to speak in front of the committee, Dies cuts her short and walks off.
		The Dies committee successfully cuts the budget of the Federal Theater and WPA guards surround the theater.
	wsws.org /articles/2000/jan2000/crad-j13.shtml (1621 words)

	living newspaper/learning tool
		To generate an “authoritative dramatic treatment,” Hallie Flanagan, head of the FTP, created a staff of the Living Newspaper which “was set up like a large city daily, with editor-in-chief, managing editor, city editor, reporters and copyreaders.” 1 The process was composed of three steps.
		Under the aegis of the WPA (Works Progress Administration), The Federal Theater Project was the most influential and controversial effort by the U.S. government to provide relief for the unemployed during the Great Depression.
		Unlike the more long-lasting, prosaic work-relief programs which built roads, schools, and public spaces, the FTP and other arts projects harnessed the power of the arts to dramatize and expose social issues.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA04/mccain/audiohist/intro5.htm (498 words)

	Living Newspaper, theatrical production consisting of dramatizations of current event social problems, and ...
		The development of the Free Southern Theater was sparked by the "cultural desert" resulting from the closed society's restriction of the patterns of reflective and creative thought.
		Segregated schools, controlled textbooks, lack of discussion of controversial topics, the nature of the mass media in Mississippi demand the development of a cultural program, to be viewed in the context of education, among an entire people.
		Among the sponsors of the Free Southern Theater are singer Harry Belafonte, authors James Baldwin and Langston Hughes, performers Ossie Davis, Ruby Dee, and Theodore Bikel, and Lincoln Kirstein, general director of the New York City Ballet.
	www.ed.uiuc.edu /courses/ci407ss/LIVING_N.html (647 words)

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