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Topic: Federal crime

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	Reason: Washington’s Biggest Crime Problem: The federal government’s ever-expanding criminal code is an affront to ...
		The overreaching of federal criminal law is especially troubling because institutional and procedural features of the federal system invite prosecutorial abuses, make convictions easier to obtain than in state systems, impose harsh mandatory sentences even for nonviolent acts, and result in disparate treatment of similarly situated defendants.
		Federal jurisdiction over essentially local crimes is contrary to the system of government envisioned by the Framers, under which Congress was to have only those powers specifically enumerated in the Constitution.
		Federal prosecutors are free to cherry-pick high-profile or politically expedient cases, knowing that the cases they reject probably will be prosecuted in state court.
	www.reason.com /0404/fe.wa.washingtons.shtml (4666 words)

	Aiding, abetting, harboring, encouraging illegals a felony
		Where the crime causes serious bodily injury or places the life of any person in jeopardy, the penalty is a fine and up to twenty years' imprisonment.
		Conspiracy to commit crimes of sheltering, harboring, or employing illegal aliens is a separate federal offense punishable by a fine of up to $10,000 or five years' imprisonment.
		In additon to the federal statutes summarized, state laws and local ordinances controlling fair labor practices, workers compensation, zoning, safe housing and rental property, nuisance, licensing, street vending, and solicitations by contractors may also apply to activities that involve illegal aliens.
	www.americanpatrol.com /REFERENCE/AidAbetUnlawfulSec8USC1324.html (1518 words)

	Austin Criminal Defense Attorney - Federal Crimes Information
		A state crime is a violation of a statute or ordinance passed by the state legislature or a local authority.
		Federal crimes are usually prosecuted by the United States Attorney’s Office for the area where the crime occurred.
		In order for a lawyer to represent you in a federal criminal matter he or she must be licensed to practice in the federal court where the case is pending or must receive permission of the court to practice there on a one time basis.
	www.egmlaw.com /federal (606 words)

	Intellectual Ammunition: Crime (Nov/Dec 1997)
		Federal crime grants also unintentionally transfer money from poor states (with low crime rates) to rich states (with high crime rates) and from rural areas (with only two-thirds of urban income) to urban areas.
		The federal welfare system bears major responsibility for the breakdown of the family, which in turn has spawned a massive increase in crime.
		Federal policies in education have helped to lower the quality of public schools, and inferior academic achievement has contributed to juvenile and adult crime.
	www.heartland.org /archives/ia/novdec97/crime.htm (735 words)

	Less Crime, More Criminals
		In the federal system, nearly 60 percent of all people behind bars are doing time for drug violations; in state prisons and local jails, the figure is 22 percent.
		He described himself as being on the conservative side of the debate over prisons and crime; he says the crime drop can be directly attributed to the prison boom.
		But he is less sure that the federal government's war on drugs has an effect on crime rates and drug use.
	www.fedcrimlaw.com /visitors/articles/NYTimes.html (1480 words)

	Analysis of the 1995-96 Budget Bill: The Federal Crime Bill: An Update
		Federal appropriations for FFY 1995, however, provided funds for only 11 programs (10 for state and local governments and 1 for federal agencies), totaling $2.3 billion, or about 20 percent less than the amounts authorized for the first year.
		For example, the Oakland police department decided that the limit on federal funds of $25,000 per officer for salaries and benefits is not sufficient to justify hiring officers whose average salaries and benefits total almost $75,000 a year.
		Congress is considering significant changes to the current federal crime bill provisions that would increase the amounts of funding available for state and local law enforcement agencies, while reducing funds for local governments and community-based organizations.
	www.lao.ca.gov /analysis_1995/crimebil.html (2238 words)

	Limits of the Federal Government in Reducing Violent Crime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is not normally a Federal crime to assault, rob, rape, or kill an ordinary citizen.
		Federal legislators have to ask themselves if a proposed Federal law will supplement state law enforcement or infringe upon a police power reserved to the states.
		Federal prosecutors in general were not interested in indicting people who had guns in school zones.
	www.neto.com /rcr/fedlimit.html (1711 words)

	Crime, Poverty and the Familiy
		One is the traditional law enforcement approach, which says crime is caused by criminals and the way we deal with crime is to use aggressive enforcement policies and to deter or incapacitate criminals through incarceration.
		A 1988 study published in the Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquencies found that the rates of violent crime in a community correlated directly with the proportion of single-parent households in the community, but not the poverty or racial composition apart from family structure.
		While this Administration has acted vigorously at the federal level to help states deal with violent crime, the long-term solution is for the states to toughen up their own criminal justice systems and make adequate investments in them.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Crime/HL401.cfm (4337 words)

	FBI - Uniform Crime Reports - Hate Crime Statistics 1995
		Preliminary figures show 7,947 hate crime incidents were reported to the FBI during 1995.
		Crimes against persons accounted for 72 percent of hate crime offenses reported.
		Among the 8,433 known offenders reported to be associated with hate crime incidents, 59 percent were white, and 27 percent were fl.
	www.fbi.gov /ucr/hatecm.htm (313 words)

	Federal Bureau of Investigation - About Us
		The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program was conceived in 1929 by the International Association of Chiefs of Police to meet a need for reliable, uniform crime statistics for the nation.
		Crime in the United States (CIUS) is an annual publication in which the FBI compiles volume and rate of crime offenses for the nation, the states, and individual agencies.
		Each year's edition of Hate Crime Statistics presents data regarding incidents, offenses, victims, and offenders in reported crimes that were motivated in whole or in part by a bias against the victim's perceived race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or disability.
	www.fbi.gov /ucr/ucr.htm (726 words)

	[No title]
		This legislation enabled federal agencies to increase focus on the reduction of supply and demand, and moreover, many drug-related activities such as growing, manufacturing, and trafficking in drugs were criminalized (George 8).
		Under the Comprehensive Crime Control Act, new crimes were identified, making it illegal to utilize juveniles in selling drugs, to sell drugs to pregnant women, to sell drugs near educational institutions, and to launder drug money.
		This legislation was designed to address violent and white-collar crime at the federal level, and to create a leadership role for the federal government with respect to crime control.
	www.dushkin.com /text-data/weekly/cr03-25-02.mhtml (1171 words)

	The Federal Crime Reporting Statute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The federal crime reporting statute requires anyone knowing of a federal crime to promptly report it to a federal court (or other federal officer), and requires federal judges to receive that information and any evidence, as part of his administrative duties.
		While sentencing thousands of people to federal prison in this manner, destroying their lives, the judges simultaneously commit far worse crimes by blocking the reports of far graver criminal activities that continue to inflict great harm upon the United States and its people.
		Another federal statute permits any citizen to file a lawsuit in the federal courts to obtain a court order requiring a federal official to perform a mandatory duty and to halt unlawful acts.
	www.defraudingamerica.com /title_18_usc_4.html (750 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Nation -- Senate passes bill giving federal crime victims right to be heard at ...
		WASHINGTON – Crime victims would be guaranteed the right to plead for tougher criminal sentences and parole boards wouldn't be able to stop families of victims from arguing against the release of murderers under legislation overwhelmingly approved by the Senate on Thursday.
		Under the Senate legislation, federal crime victims would be guaranteed notification of significant events that determine what happens to the accused, including parole proceedings and plea bargains.
		There are 5 million victims of violent crime a year, and legislation – instead of a constitutional amendment – means only 1 percent of those victims will be able to use the federal law because their cases would be in federal court, Kyl said.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/nation/20040422-1430-victimsrights.html (720 words)

	[No title]
		It is the largest crime bill in the history of the country and will provide for 100,000 new police officers, $9.7 billion in funding for prisons and $6.1 billion in funding for prevention programs which were designed with significant input from experienced police officers.
		Other Creates new crimes or enhances penalties for: drive-by-shootings, use of semi-automatic weapons, sex offenses, crimes against the elderly, interstate firearms trafficking, firearms theft and smuggling, arson, hate crimes and interstate domestic violence.
		Crime Prevention Block Grants $377 million authorized for a new Local Crime Prevention Block Grant program to be distributed to local governments to be used as local needs dictates.
	www.ncjrs.org /txtfiles/billfs.txt (1682 words)

	Federal Crime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One and a half million people were arrested in the United States for drug crimes in 1999; about 20 percent of those arrests were for sale or manufacture, and the rest were for possession.
		Someone arrested by local law enforcement could end up in the federal system because of decisions made in private between state and federal prosecutors--and there is no appeal if a case is handed over to the federal authorities.
		In 1986, the year that the federal mandatory minimum drug statutes were passed, the federal prison population was 40,000.
	www.secretwebsites.com /federalcrime.htm (411 words)

	AllRefer.com - forgery, in criminal law (Crime And Law Enforcement) - Encyclopedia
		The crime may be committed even though the fraudulent scheme fails.
		The crime may also concern documents of title, e.g., deeds, or public documents, including birth and marriage certificates.
		In the United States forgery ordinarily is a state crime; but to send forged documents through the post office may constitute the federal crime of mail fraud.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/forg-law.html (295 words)

	Current Status of Federal Hate Crime Awareness and Training Initiatives
		CRS is the only Federal agency that exists primarily to assist communities in addressing intergroup disputes.
		In response, in 1993, OJJDP allocated funds for this national assessment -- a Hate Crime Study to identify the characteristics of juveniles who commit hate crimes, the types of hate crimes committed by juveniles, and a profile of victims of juvenile hate crimes.
		Hate crime response experts from around the country -- including ADL representatives -- have assisted in the development of an excellent model hate crime training curriculum for use by the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) for Federal, state and local police officials.
	www.adl.org /99hatecrime/current.asp (1416 words)

	In Our Every Deliberation . . . Time for Federal Crime Policy Impact Statements
		The trend to federalize crimes that traditionally have been handled in state courts not only is taxing the judiciary’s resources and affecting its budget needs, but it also threatens to change entirely the nature of our federal system.
		Federal regulations triggering criminal liability are now numerous, complex, and typically vague — provoking concerns that the federal criminal law is being transformed from a scourge for wrongdoers into a trap for the unwary or negligent.
		Civil and criminal jurisdiction should be assigned to the federal courts only to further clearly defined and justified national interests, leaving to the state courts the responsibility for adjudicating all other matters.
	criminaljustice.org /public.nsf/ChampionArticles/99may02?OpenDocument (3731 words)

	THE ECONOMIC ESPIONAGE ACT OF 1996: THE THEFT OF TRADE SECRETS IS NOW A FEDERAL CRIME
		Section 1832 of the Act makes it a federal criminal act for any person to convert a trade secret to his own benefit or the benefit of others intending or knowing that the offense will injure any owner of the trade secret.
		Under the Act, there is also criminal forfeiture to the United States of (1) any property constituting or derived from the proceeds of violations of the Act, and (2) the forfeiture of any property used or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to commit or facilitate a violation of the Act.
		If this new legislation is not misused by overzealous Federal prosecutors, the result will be continued growth and vitality of trade secret rights, increased competitiveness, and increased economic strength of the United States in the international marketplace.
	my.execpc.com /~mhallign/crime.html (1775 words)

	Federal Crime Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Before the late 1960s, crime was rarely on the federal government's agenda—for at least three reasons.
		After the late 1960s Washington's role in crime grew as the power to regulate interstate commerce was more broadly interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court.
		By the early 1990s,more than 3,000 activities had become federal crimes, and federal judges had hundreds of state and local criminal justice agencies, especially state prisons and local jails, responding to their orders on matters of policy, administration, and finance.
	www.brook.edu /press/review/winter99/dilulio.htm (318 words)

	Bureau of Justice Statistics Crime and Victims Statistics
		The UCR crime index includes seven offenses; homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft.
		The survey enables BJS to estimate the likelihood of victimization by rape, sexual assault, robbery, assault, theft, household burglary, and motor vehicle theft for the population as a whole as well as for segments of the population such as women, the elderly, members of various racial groups, city dwellers, or other groups.
		The standard National Crime Victimization Survey instrument was used with questions about citizen perceptions of community policing and neighborhood issues.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /bjs/cvict.htm (877 words)

	NCPA - BA #229 - The Federal Government and Juvenile Crime
		The bill passed by the House would set up a federal task force to apprehend violent youths, and three of the four proposals would subsidize youth courts to deal with violent, drug or firearms offenses - all expansions of federal authority over what are essentially state and local matters.
		And in one national poll, 83 percent of the public agreed that juveniles convicted of their second or third crimes should be given the same punishment as adults.
		At the same time that state and local governments are assuming the major responsibility for such programs as welfare, the federal government is preparing to expand its role in one of the most local of activities, controlling and preventing crime.
	www.ncpa.org /~ncpa/ba/ba229.html (1037 words)

	FindLaw's Writ - Hilden: The Line Between State And Federal Criminal Jurisdiction
		While they quibbled over exactly what proof that statute requires to support federal jurisdiction, they did not disagree on whether in-state murder-for-hire can be a federal crime in the first place.
		And it has done so even in areas where the crime at issue seems to be a crime that falls squarely into the state's bailiwick - and does not affect federal interests at all.
		The statute defines as a federal crime the "Use of interstate commerce facilities in the commission of murder-for hire." The presence of "interstate commerce" is thought to render the crime at issue a federal crime - since under the Constitution, the involvement of "interstate commerce" gives Congress a right to legislate.
	writ.news.findlaw.com /hilden/20031015.html (1841 words)

	Nat'l Assoc. Crime Victim Compensation Boards
		Open to all managers, staff, and Board members in crime victim compensation programs and state VOCA assistance agencies, the conference is expected to draw representatives from all 50 states and the territories.
		The rescission would have meant the removal of all the amounts collected into the Federal Crime Victims Fund through FY '06, except that $650 million would have been made available in FY'06, according to the Administration's proposal.
		But this would mean there would be nothing in the Crime Victims Fund at the beginning of FY '07 -- and that VOCA grants for compensation and assistance would likely not be available in that year unless something extraordinary was done both fiscally and administratively.
	www.nacvcb.org (902 words)

	Crime, true crime book, crime prevention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A non-profit educational group formed to address the causes of crime and violence and reduce the opportunities for crime to occur.
		The purpose of Sisters in Crime is "to combat discrimination against women in the mystery field, raise awareness of their contribution to the field,...
		Crime prevention tips and advice, information on law enforcement and matters such as drugs as well as on the Crimewatch program.
	www.internetserviceinfo.com /crime.html (1314 words)

	Bill loses provision on attempted federal crime
		BY JESSE J. WASHINGTON -- A House provision that would have created thousands of new federal crimes died Wednesday as the House and Senate agreed on a bill to crack down on corporate fraud.
		Under the House provision, every federal crime would have had a provision covering attempts to commit that crime.
		Critics of Sensenbrenner's provision said it was too broad and would create a hazy type of crime, open to interpretation by prosecutors and juries.
	www.freep.com /news/nw/crime25_20020725.htm (203 words)

	How to Report Internet-Related Crime
		Internet-related crime, like any other crime, should be reported to appropriate law enforcement investigative authorities at the local, state, federal, or international levels, depending on the scope of the crime.
		The primary federal law enforcement agencies that investigate domestic crime on the Internet include: the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the United States Secret Service, the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the United States Postal Inspection Service, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF).
		In general, federal crime may be reported to the local office of an appropriate law enforcement agency by a telephone call and by requesting the "Duty Complaint Agent."
	www.cybercrime.gov /reporting.htm (407 words)

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