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Topic: Federalism (United States)

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	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - United States
		The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii).
		The United States does not have an official language at federal level; nevertheless, English is spoken by the vast majority of the population and serves as the de facto language: English is the language used for legislation, regulations, executive orders, treaties, federal court rulings, and all other official pronouncements.
		The United States is also a great center of higher education, boasting more than 4,000 universities, colleges and other institutions of higher learning, the top tier of which may be considered to be among the most prestigious and advanced in the world.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/US (4050 words)

	Federalism (United States) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the 1780s, Federalism was a movement whose governing philosophy was that national government under the Articles of Confederation was too weak.
		Because George Washington lent his prestige to the Constitution and because of the ingenuity and organizational skills of its proponents, the Constitution was ratified by enough states to become operative on June 21, 1788.
		This philosophy is sometimes called "states' rights", although its proponents usually eschew the latter term because of its associations with Jim Crow and segregation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federalism_(United_States) (1289 words)

	Federal government of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The laws of the United States are contained in Acts of Congress; administrative regulations, and judicial cases interpreting the statutes and regulations.
		The federal judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of the United States, whose justices are appointed for life by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and various "lower" or "inferior courts," among which are the United States Courts of Appeals and the United States District Courts.
		The United States courts of appeals are "appellate courts" that hear appeals of cases decided by the district courts, and some direct appeals from administrative agencies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Government_of_the_United_States (2314 words)

	Federalism - MSN Encarta
		In the United States, for example, people who live in the state of Ohio must obey the laws made by the Ohio legislature and the Congress of the United States.
		Federalism varies in practice, however, and in some countries with federal systems the central government plays a large role in community planning, schools, and other local issues.
		United States that despite the rights reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment, Congress had the authority to bar segregation because it could harm interstate commerce.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572095/Federalism.html (1895 words)

	United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		During the Cold War, the United States was a major player in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and was considered one of Two superpowers along with the Soviet Union; with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the nation emerged as the world's leading economic and military power.
		The [[White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States.]] The federal government is the national government.
		The United States is a great center of higher education, boasting more than 4,000 universities, colleges and other institutions of higher learning, the top tier of which may be considered to be among the Most prestigious and advanced in the world.
	united-states.iqnaut.net (5101 words)

	Federalism
		Federalism is a basic Structural feature of the American political system that has generated a great deal of conflict throughout American political history.
		The three basic levels of American federalism are the national or federal government, the states, and the local governments (counties, cities, townships).
		Cooperative federalism continued through the administration of John F. Kennedy (1960-1963) and Lyndon Johnson (1964-1968) but with a greater emphasis on targeted aid to the poor in the form of categorical grants (i.e., monies provided by the federal government to states but limited as to the purposes for which they could be spent).
	www.csupomona.edu /~jmvadi/201/federalism.html (892 words)

	Close Up Foundation Civics Education \| Federalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		State governments are largely responsible for managing the budgets and enforcing the laws in many policy areas, such as poverty and education.
		The stated intent is to amass data with which to analyze and report on the effects of the devolution of social programs from the federal to the state governments.
		Federalism Douglas Seay and Wesley Smith of the Heritage Foundation present their views on the history of U.S. federalism since the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.
	www.closeup.org /federal.htm (3732 words)

	Budapest, December 15, 2000
		The origins of the United States federation are in 13 British colonies, which by the time of the American Revolution created the confederation on the basis of Articles of Confederation (which were adopted by colonies between 1777 and 1781).
		The United States is a federation consisting of 50 states and a federal district (District of Columbia).
		It seems that the US Federation is based on the principle of constitutional heterogeneity, as far as the states should have the republican form of the government, which it is the task of the United States to guarantee (Guarantee Clause).
	www.personal.ceu.hu /students/00/Adam_Bodnar/assignments/usareport.htm (2299 words)

	Constitutional Topic: Federalism - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net
		Federalism is not mentioned explicitly in the Constitution, but federalism is one of the many concepts that the Constitution embodies.
		Federalism in the United States has evolved quite a bit since it was first implemented in 1787.
		Dual federalism is not completely dead, but for the most part, the United States' branches of government operate under the presumption of a cooperative federalism.
	www.usconstitution.net /consttop_fedr.html (1268 words)

	Constitution Day - Federalism
		Under federalism, power is shared between two separate governmental entities—the national government and the state governments.
		The powers of the federal government are established by the United States Constitution, which is the supreme law of the land.
		For example, the states may not tax goods that are transported from one state to another.
	www.uscourts.gov /outreach/resources/federalism.html (547 words)

	Teaching about Federalism in the United States. ERIC Digest.
		Proponents of states' rights and powers hold that the Constitution is a compact between the states and the federal government.
		Cooperative federalism emphasizes the "general welfare" clause and the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution by which power of the national government may be expanded even if the actions of the national government touch or overlap with traditional state functions.
		The ideas stated in the "Federalist" papers are at the core of civic culture in the United States and serve as a reference for citizens in other democratic nations of the world.
	www.ericdigests.org /2003-1/usa.htm (1546 words)

	[No title]
		[F]ederalism is a political and legal philosophy which adapts itself to all political contexts on both the municipal and the international level, wherever and whenever two basic prerequisites are fulfilled: the search for unity, combined with genuine respect for the autonomy and the legitimate interests of the participant entities.2
		More simply nation states are fast loosing control of some of their areas of traditional control and regulation such as regulation of external trade, telecommunications, financial transactions and corporate taxation.
		Thus nation states would be confederalizing in the coming years and relinquishing responsibilities in these areas to supranational institutions.
	www.lycos.com /info/federalism--united-states.html (542 words)

	Real Federalism: Why It Matters, How It Could Happen
		Federalism, the principle that some policy matters fall under the authority of the states and others under the authority of the national government, has long tended to be much admired but little observed.
		Federalism is often misunderstood as a mere device of bureaucratic organization or as a protection of states’ rights.
		While the states will defend their narrow prerogatives (such as immunity from suit under federal statutes), experience shows that they cannot be expected to support federalist competition.
	www.federalismproject.org /masterpages/publications/books/realfederalism.html (2351 words)

	U.S. Federalism Web Site
		Federalism in the first century of U.S. history is often described as dual, with clear distinctions between the spheres of activity of state and national government.
		State and local governments were absorbed with these problems, which seemed to be exacerbated by corruption and collusion between corporations and the national government.
		State legislators revived the theory that the Constitution represented a compact and passed resolutions calling for the use of the theory as a basis for challenging the Court.
	www.cas.sc.edu /poli/courses/scgov/History_of_Federalism.htm (4240 words)

	[No title]
		The term that refers to a type of federalism in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than a type in which uniform divisions are found between levels of government, is called a.
		The constitutional provision that ensures that state courts enforce civil judgments of the courts of other states and accept their public records as valid is found in the a.
		When individuals charged with crimes have fled from one state to another, the state to which they have fled is to deliver them to the proper officials upon the demand of the executive authority of the state from which they fled.
	hcl.chass.ncsu.edu /garson/PS201/review_ch2.txt (1455 words)

	Comparative Federalism Newsletter
		Daniel Kelemen develops a theory of regulatory federalism based on his comparative study, arguing that the greater the fragmentation of power at the federal level, the less discretion is allotted to component states.
		In explaining accommodation across states the role of federal state structures as explanatory variables is primary.
		Involving studies of federalism covering all four countries, plus cross-cutting studies of multinationalism, public spending, and electorally generated veto players, the volume provides a rare comparative examination of the federalism in Latin America, and the complex interaction between federal institutions and democratic change in the region.
	www.indiana.edu /~speaweb/IPSA/vol19_1/article8.html (770 words)

	Federalism
		Federalism is a way or organizing a nation so that both national and state levels of government have authority over the same land and people.
		Federal powers, exercised by three branches, were enumerated or listed in Article I. Enumerated powers are powers that are granted specifically to the three branches of the federal government under the Constitution.
		Block grants are federal grants to the states and local communities that are for general use in a broad area, such as community development.
	socialscience.tyler.cc.tx.us /mkho/Online_Courses/American_Textbook_Outlines/ap/ch3-out.htm (6441 words)

	United States - Gurupedia
		states were added to the original thirteen as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions.
		Under the laws of war, a nation is not an occupying power until the war is declared to be over—thus, the United States is not technically an occupying power in Iraq, although it currently has control over that nation's people, politics and economy.
		The social structure of the United States is highly stratified, with a large proportion of the wealth of the country controlled by a small fraction of the population which exerts disproportionate cultural and political influence.
	www.gurupedia.com /u/un/united_states.htm (2486 words)

	"The Federalism Path", Iraq Elections: Road to Democracy, February 2005
		These state and local officials, elected or appointed, are not representatives of a distant federal government in Washington, but hold independent offices with substantial responsibilities in matters ranging from roads and schools to welfare and law enforcement.
		A federal republic—Yugoslavia would be an example—may fail, but that is far different from saying that the practice of federalism caused the Yugoslav nation to fall apart in the first place.
		Federalism is no substitute for the political commitment of national parties and other groups, whether ethnic or geographic, to negotiate in good faith with a common commitment to a shared future as one nation.
	usinfo.state.gov /products/pubs/iraqelect/federalism.htm (2162 words)

	Federalism and Insurance Regulation
		Second, bad federalism rests on a “destination” principle: in interstate transactions, it is the law of the customer’s or buyer’s state, not the law of the producer or seller, that governs the transaction.
		Competitive federalism substitutes private arbitrage for political harmonization and thus wrings the rents out of the system, which means that no one with a say on the matter—interests, advocates, regulators at every level—want any part of it.
		An optional federal charter follows the logic of competitive federalism: it offers producers and, therefore, consumers a choice between competing legal regimes (and may the best regime win)—except that the choice takes place along a vertical rather than horizontal dimension, and that only two rather than fifty choices are being offered.
	www.federalismproject.org /masterpages/publications/insurance.html (2412 words)

	State Boundaries of the United States
		The Government of the United States is based on the concept of federalism, where power is shared between the National Government and the State Governments.
		The State Boundaries of the United States map layer includes boundaries for the fifty States and for three State equivalents: the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
		State names, two-letter State abbreviations, the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) codes for each State, and the date and order of State admission for each State are included.
	www.nationalatlas.gov /mld/statesp.html (395 words)

	ipedia.com: United States Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		REDIRECT The United States of America, also referred to as the United States, America ¹, or the States, is a federal republic in central North America and the Pacific Ocean.
		The United States of America (U.S.A.), also referred to as the United States (U.S. America¹, or the States, is a federal republic in central North America and the Pacific Ocean (the islands of Hawaii, and the Aleutians).
		The majority of the 290 million people currently living in the United States descend from European immigrants who have arrived since the establishment of the first colonies.
	www.ipedia.com /united_states.html (2576 words)

	ThisNation.com--Federalism
		As colonies, the states had developed independently and, even after the Revolutionary War, they remained "distinct, different and insular communities."1 Consequently, bringing the states together in a federal system was fraught with controversy.
		The states had become very jealous of their independence and autonomy and many people were suspicious of the new Constitutional arrangement that would require the states to give up power to the national government.
		Indeed, the inclusion of the federal principle in the Constitution was a critical factor in its ratification.
	www.thisnation.com /federalism.html (503 words)

	Federalism
		State and local bankers did not like this at all and so with the help of the state of Maryland tried to put it out of business, by taxing the bank heavily.
		Period of major conflict since states and Federal gov’t were still trying to establish their authority and and their relationship with each other.
		Definition: A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
	www.tamiu.edu /~jnorris/Federalism.htm (977 words)

	[No title]
		They have wanted to weaken or eliminate the notion of state sovereignty when it has stood in the way of their grand plans for remaking social and economic relationships in their own collectivist image.
		The fifth phase of the federalism revolution involves the restraint of the federal courts in exercising their own powers against the states.
		Real federalism permits citizens to vote with their feet and to choose among competing jurisdictions, each of which offers a different mix of government services.
	www.lycos.com /info/federalism--states.html (626 words)

	NEGATIVE – COUNTERPLAN – STATES/FEDERALISM – ADVANTAGES 32
		American-style federalism is a thriving and vital institutional arrangement -- partly planned by the Framers, partly the accident of history -- and it prevents violence and war.
		It is part of the reason why democratic majoritarianism in the United States has not produced violence or secession for 130 years, unlike the situation for example, in England, France, Germany, Russia, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Cyprus, or Spain.
		This necessarily brief comparative, historical, and empirical survey of the world's experience with federalism amply demonstrates the benefits at least of American-style small-state federalism.(61) In light of this evidence, the United States would be foolish indeed to abandon its federal system.
	debate.uvm.edu /handbookfile/pubpriv/032.html (639 words)

	Federalism in the United States of America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		This perspective interprets federalism as an expression of philosophical theories and concerns, particularly those 18th century theories of the nature of society that were influential during the founding period.
		New Federalism, or devolution, returns authority for certain programs--and responsibility for their costs--to the states.
		Federalism in Theory and Practice Guide for a textbook from St. Martin's Press.
	home.gwu.edu /~kalae/fed (742 words)

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