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Topic: Federally Administered Tribal Areas

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	The Fata Areas :: Khyber.ORG
		The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), enjoying a chequered history and a strategically distinct position, are located in a narrow belt which runs along the Pak-Afghan border.
		The language of all the tribes is Pashto, with softer dialects spoken in the south and harsher in the north.
		FATA is governed through the Frontier Crimes Regulations, the notorious fl law introduced by the British in 1901.
	www.khyber.org /places/2005/TheFataAreas.shtml (1190 words)

	BBC News \| SOUTH ASIA \| Analysis: Pakistan's tribal frontiers
		The FATA, or tribal areas as they are commonly known, are located on the Pakistan side of the 2,400 kilometres long and porous border.
		The tribal areas had a population of 5.7m according to the 1998 national census.
		Tribal elders, known as Maliks, were given special favours by the British in return for services such as maintaining peace, keeping important roads like the Khyber Pass open, and apprehending anti-state and anti-social elements.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/south_asia/1711316.stm (485 words)

	Federally Administered Tribal Areas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The FATA are bordered by: Afghanistan to the west with the border marked by the Durand Line, the North-West Frontier Province and the Punjab to the east, and Balochistan to the south.
		The total population of the FATA was estimated in 2000 to be about 3,341,070 people, or roughly 2% of Pakistan's population.
		The 7 tribal areas lie in a north-to-south strip that is adjacent on the west side of the 5 frontier regions, which also lie in a north-to-south strip.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas (815 words)

	Islamabad's plan to tame tribal areas
		As these areas enjoy a special status in the constitution, and the laws of the country do not operate in the belt, heroin factories flourished for a long time before paramilitary action was undertaken to close them down.
		While some of the tribal or maliks (elders) happen to be among the richest in the country, the tribal people in general fall into the category of the poorest and the least literate.
		Under the complicated tribal culture proclaimed offenders have to pay a fixed amount to the maliks for refuge, which forces them to indulge in all sorts of crimes to earn a livelihood for themselves and their families.
	www.jammu-kashmir.com /insights/insight20011201b.html (1585 words)

	Federally Administered Tribal Areas :: Khyber.ORG
		The tribal area comprising the territories lying between the administered districts of NWFP and the `Durand Line' is spread over an area of 10510 square miles.
		Tribal area, partly a land of dry ravines and rocky hills and partly consisting of green plateaus, enchanting valleys and picturesque landscape is full of natural beauty.
		The administration in the Agencies is run by the Political Agents and in the special areas attached to the districts by the respective Deputy Commissioners.
	www.khyber.org /places/2005/FederallyAdministeredTribalAre.shtml (1727 words)

	Pakistan: The Landmine Problem in Federally Administered Tribal Areas, by Faiz Muhammad Fayyaz (5.1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Of the seven tribal Agencies of the FATA, Bajaur and Kurram were the most effected, counting an alarming number of casualties.
		While the FATA was socially underdeveloped previous to the war, it has regressed further as a result of mines.
		FATA is geographically linked to the NWFP and constitutes these seven tribal agencies (six of which share a freely passed border with Afghanistan): South Waziristan, North Waziristan, Kurram, Orakzai, Khyber, Mohmand and Bajaur.
	maic.jmu.edu /journal/5.1/Focus/Faiz_Fayyaz/fayyaz.html (3511 words)

	The Tribal Areas of Pakistan - Council on Foreign Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As the tribal lands continue to serve as a training base for terrorists and the Taliban, deploying Pakistani troops into the region has harmed efforts to integrate the tribal areas into Pakistan.
		The harsh, mountainous territory of the tribal lands runs along the Afghanistan border, drawn during colonial times by British Diplomat Sir Henry Mortimer Durand as a means to divide and weaken the eleven major Pashtun tribes and turn Afghanistan into a buffer zone between the British and Russian empires.
		Tribal leaders in the Bajaur agency and Islamabad were planning to reach a similar pact to the North Waziristan deal, but the accord has been put on hold after the October bombing of a madrassa in Bajaur killed eighty people.
	www.cfr.org /publication/11973/tribal_areas_of_pakistan.html (2037 words)

	Who are Pakhtuns?
		The history of the North West Frontier, particularly the Federally Administered Tribal Areas is full of romance and glorious adventures and numerous legends are woven around the character of its inhabitants.
		Its charming valleys were echoing with the cries of war and are still vibrating with the thuds of the horses of Alexander, Mahmud, the idol breaker and other famous captains who made this area their base of operations against the rulers of India.
		The Political Agent coordinates the functions of nation building departments in the Agency and controls the tribesmen through a system of tribal and territorial responsibility, which, of course, is the key stone of the arch of political administration.
	www.pakhtun.com /landAndPeople.htm (1889 words)

	The Jamestown Foundation
		Pashtun tribal culture is generally portrayed as the root cause behind their support and sympathy for the Taliban and al-Qaeda.
		In reference to the political scenario, Mohmand tribal leaders challenged the idea of joint combing of the area by Pakistani and U.S. forces in 2003, and later the NWFP government (led by the MMA) came forward to support the stance of the Mohmand tribe (Asia Times, July 15, 2003).
		The tribesmen of FATA, although diverse in many ways, have some common traits: they value their independence dearly; they consider all foreign elements suspicious (including Pakistani forces); and they are not ready to lay down their arms in combat zones willingly.
	www.jamestown.org /news_details.php?news_id=202 (2678 words)

	CENTRAL ASIA - CAUCASUS ANALYST
		The purpose behind moving security forces into the tribal area was to secure the western borders, to check the movement of people moving into Pakistan, to ensure that coalition operations in Afghanistan did not spill over into Pakistani territory, to nab the terrorists and to assist in development works in the FATA.
		Speaking on the occasion, tribal Maliks (elders) Malik Qadir Khan and Malik Gulabat Khan recalled the sacrifices rendered by their forefathers in the creation of Pakistan and said that the tribal people are true Pakistanis.
		He said that one of the most glaring impacts of the Afghan crisis on the Tribal Areas was the increase in religious institutions, mostly run by Afghan leaders, who translated inflammatory literature into the Pashto Language.
	www.cacianalyst.org /view_article.php?articleid=3200&SMSESSION=NO (1553 words)

	Wana Operation: Jirga of tribal elders to be convened - JI MEDIA NEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After the land sliding victory of MMA in tribal belt, it is the duty of the alliance to address the issues and problems of the people of the area by holding Loya Jirga of the eight tribes, Jamaat-e-Islami chief said.
		The Loya Jirga, which is scheduled to meet from April 2-4, would discuss a series of measures to handle the military operation and the economic and political situation in the tribal areas besides problems being faced by the common man, he added.
		Tribal people should not resist the operation rather they should look for some democratic solution of settling their differences on the operation with the government, he said.
	www.jamaat.org /news/2004/pr022704.html (381 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Islamabad wrestles with neo-Taliban dilemma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Pakistani Constitution states that acts of that country's parliament are nonbinding in the FATA unless the president declares otherwise.
		The situation in the FATA - especially in the agencies of North and South Waziristan -- has steadily deteriorated since demise of the Taliban regime in neighboring Afghanistan in late 2001.
		The use of tribal militias - known as "levies" - is being considered to help quell the growing power of the neo-Taliban areas of the FATA.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?ID=16148 (919 words)

	Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Federal Legislature is a bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora), composed of the National Assembly and the Senate.
		The Ministry administers scientific and technological research with the goal of achieving rapid economic development and national security and thereby enhancing self reliance and improving the living standard of masses and ensuring the national security.
		Relief and the rehabilitation work of the Northern Areas together with provision of Civil Supplies, anti sub-version measures, agreement with the tribes, and visits of foreigners to the tribal areas.
	www.pakistanstudies-aips.org /en/government.htm (2364 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Many believe that this is not the only incident that needs be investigated and that the government should rethink its policy towards the tribal areas which have long been governed by traditions and centuries-old tribal laws.
		The FATA, or agencies as they are commonly known, are located on the Pakistani side of the 2,400 kilometers porous border with Afghanistan.
		Tribal elders, known as Maliks, were given special favors by the British in return for services such as maintaining peace, keeping important roads like the Khyber Pass open, and apprehending anti-state and anti-social elements.
	www.islamonline.net /English/News/2004-03/02/article04.shtml (1034 words)

	Asia Times: Islamabad's plan to tame tribal areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In view of the potential of the FATA to create considerable trouble for Pakistan by giving refuge to undesirable elements, including, possibly, Osama bin Laden, it is hardly surprising that Islamabad plans to merge the FATA with NWFP.
		The tribal areas suffer from two kinds of underdevelopment, social and economic, which are in fact Inter-dependent, Musharraf pointed out.
		Moreover, the tribal system in the FATA is very strong and whenever it has been disturbed the maliks have retaliated by creating a law and order situation, the report states.
	www.atimes.com /ind-pak/CK28Df01.html (1638 words)

	Frontier Saga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Anthropologically FATA is an example of leaderless and egalitarian tribal society having no modem system of governance like system of justice or policing or maintenance of land records.
		Some 30% of the area was inaccessible politically and around 50% was inaccessible physically, where no government functionary had ever been allowed.
		Socio economic progress of the area is directly proportional to the communication infrastructure it has.
	www.frontiersaga.com (499 words)

	Pakistan: Unlawful executions in tribal areas
		South Waziristan, the area where the latest incident of informal councils unlawfully assuming criminal justice functions is reported, is one of seven Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan.
		These areas are under the direct control of the federal government which is represented by a Political Agent who combines the highest administrative, political and judicial functions.
		Amnesty International is concerned that the Government of Pakistan, under whose federal responsibility the FATA fall, has failed to curb informal bodies unlawfully assuming criminal justice functions in the tribal areas and meting out punishments which amount to torture or are cruel, inhuman or degrading.
	www.amnestyusa.org /news/document.do?id=ENGASA330132006 (1196 words)

	Foreign troops not to operate in its tribal regions: Pakistan
		One of the major issues, the minister said, was the sense of deprivation that often led to criminal activities in the tribal areas.
		He said the government was taking all possible administrative and security measures to restore normalcy in the tribal areas, with the help of important political and religious leaders.
		He said adequate foreign and local funds were being spent in tribal areas to complete various developmental projects, especially those related to education and health.
	news.webindia123.com /news/Articles/Asia/20060610/358820.html (392 words)

	HRW Letter to General Pervez Musharraf (Human Rights Watch Press release, ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We are writing to urge your government to reconsider current plans to house new refugees from Afghanistan in camps in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), not far from the Afghan border.
		We respectfully urge your government to halt current plans to establish camps in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of the NWFP and instead to identify alternative sites where the protection of refugees and humanitarian workers can be guaranteed.
		Camps should be located in areas with adequate infrastructure and water supply and humanitarian workers should have full, free and unimpeded access to the camps.
	www.hrw.org /press/2001/10/musharraf1026-ltr.htm (911 words)

	GlobaLex - A Legal Research Guide to Pakistan
		The tribal belt adjoining NWFP is managed by the Federal Government and is named FATA i.e., Federally Administered Tribal Areas.
		Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas have their own respective political and administrative machinery, yet certain of their subjects are taken care of by the Federal Government through the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas.
		The Prime Minister is assisted by the Federal Cabinet, a council of ministers whose members are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
	www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/Pakistan.htm (6278 words)

	Pakistan, Landmine Monitor Report 2004
		In the same area in November 2003, one Frontier Corps officer and his driver were wounded in a landmine blast.
		SPADO recorded casualties in four provinces, the tribal areas, and Azad Kashmir: 23 casualties in Punjab province; 55 in Baluchistan; five in Sindh province; 46 in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas; and nine in Kashmir.
		Pakistani landmine survivors from FATA and from Bajaur tribal area in particular continue to seek assistance in the ICRC orthopedic workshops in Afghanistan.
	www.icbl.org /lm/2004/pakistan (4729 words)

	Military officers to administer tribal areas -DAWN - Top Stories; June 3, 2006
		PESHAWAR, June 2: In a major policy decision, President Gen Pervez Musharraf is reported to have approved the appointment of senior military officers as administrators of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Fata).
		Till now, postings in the tribal regions have been largely the exclusive domain of what hitherto was known as the DMG officers and a few officers from the provincial executive services.
		It is learnt that the officers of the rank of colonel will be posed as administrator of tribal regions and those of the rank of majors as assistant administrators.
	www.dawn.com /2006/06/03/top2.htm (615 words)

	frontline: in search of al qaeda: inside the tribal areas \| PBS
		Smith and his team got as far as Chitral in the Northwest Frontier Province before they were turned away by armed guards at the border to one of the tribal areas.
		The 10,000 square mile region known as the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) is off-limits to foreigners; the Pakistani government is afraid that wandering Western journalists might meet the fate of reporter Daniel Pearl, who was abducted and brutally murdered by Islamic extremists in February 2002.
		Since it seemed like their chances of getting into the tribal areas were slim, the FRONTLINE team enlisted the help of Hayat Ullah Khan, a local Pashtun reporter who was willing to venture into the dangerous territories as their proxy.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/search/tribal (513 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		The president has discretionary power to order all or part of any of those tribal areas to be brought under direct government control -- provided that local views, reflected in a traditional Pashtun tribal council, or jirga, are taken into consideration.
		The situation in the FATA -- especially in the agencies of North and South Waziristan -- has steadily deteriorated since demise of the Taliban regime in neighboring Afghanistan in late 2001.
		The use of tribal militias -- known as "levies" -- is being considered to help quell the growing power of the neo-Taliban areas of the FATA.
	www.rferl.org /reports/afghan-report/2006/06/17-150606.asp (2974 words)

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