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Topic: Federation of French West Africa

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	French West Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally created in 1895 as a union of Senegal, French Sudan, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire only, the federation was placed on a permanent footing in 1904 with a governor-general based first in Saint-Louis, then (from 1902) in Dakar, both in Senegal, the oldest French settlement.
		The territories issued their own postage stamps until 1943, although in many cases the stamps were inscribed with the name of the federation as well as the colony's own name.
		The first issues printed specifically for the federation were the Eboue common design type and a definitive series depicting colonial soldiers, both in 1945.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federation_of_French_West_Africa (418 words)

	French West Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		French West Africa (Afrique occidentale française, AOF) was a federation of eight French territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) and Dahomey (now Benin).
		The federation ceased to exist after the September 1958 referendum on the future French Community, in which the constituent territories voted to became autonomous republics except for Guinea, which voted overwhelmingly for independence.
		In 1943 and 1944, stamps of Senegal and Mauritania were overprinted with new values and valid throughout French West Africa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_West_Africa (418 words)

	French West Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1895 the Federation of French West Africa was formed with Dakar as its capital.
		French West Africa was a territory in North-West Africa.
		The Federation of French West Africa was dissolved in 1958, when French Soudan and Senegal became the Mali federation and the rest independent republics.
	www.geocities.com /tsuribaka/FWA.htm (74 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Cote D'Ivoire
		From 1904 to 1958, Ivory Coast was a constituent unit of the Federation of French West Africa.
		French citizenship was granted to all African "subjects," the right to organize politically was recognized, and various forms of forced labor were abolished.
		FGM is practiced particularly among the rural populations in the north and west and to a lesser extent in the center.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/cote_divoire.html (12764 words)

	Dakar. Who is Dakar? What is Dakar? Where is Dakar? Definition of Dakar. Meaning of Dakar.
		Its position, on western edge of Africa, is an advantageous departure point for trans-Atlantic and European trade; this fact aided its growth into a major regional port.
		The city of Dakar formed around a French fort, and it replaced Saint-Louis as the capital of French West Africa in 1902.
		It was the capital of the short-lived Mali federation from 1959 to 1960, after which it became the capital of Senegal.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Dakar (244 words)

	Côte d'Ivoire -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Côte d'Ivoire was incorporated into the Federation of French West Africa, and several thousand of its troops fought with the French during World War I, but effective French control over the area was not established until after the war.
		French troops intervened to protect and evacuate foreign civilians, but also acted to slow the rebel advance.
		In Dec., 2004, after negotiations spearheaded by South Africa's President Mbeki, the constitution was amended to permit citizens with one Ivoirian parent to run for president, but President Gbagbo insisted that the amendment be approved by a referendum, a move the northern rebels rejected.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/cotedivo_history.asp (1232 words)

	French in West Africa
		The French goal of increasing their stake in West Africa was influenced by similar policies undertaken by their fellow Europeans in Africa culminating in the late nineteenth century with a European "scramble for Africa." Industrialization and economic conditions in Europe influenced the expansion of European interests in West Africa from the nineteenth century on.
		The French colonial encounter in West Africa was driven by commercial interests and, perhaps to a lesser degree, a civilizing mission.
		West Africans had participated in both World Wars to varying degrees and their experiences in them, along with a growing opposition to direct rule and its exploitative nature, resulted in a movement which would ultimately lead to independence for the territories.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /African_Studies/K-12/French_16178.html (2086 words)

	Côte d'Ivoire
		From 1904 to 1958, Côte d'Ivoire was a constituent unit of the Federation of French West Africa.
		In December 1958, Côte d'Ivoire became an autonomous republic within the French community as a result of a referendum that brought community status to all members of the old Federation of French West Africa, except Guinea, which had voted against association.
		He was one of the founders of the Rassemblement Democratique Africain (RDA), the leading preindependence interterritorial political party in French West African territories (except Mauritania).
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/countries/Cote_d'Ivoire.html (355 words)

	French West Africa
		French West Africa, former federation of eight French overseas territories.
		The federation was created in 1895 to consolidate the French holdings in W Africa and was definitively constituted in 1904.
		French Colonial Education: Essays on Vietnam and West Africa.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0819672.html (343 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Africa
		France's policy in West Africa was reflected mainly in its philosophy of "association," meaning that all Africans in Cote d'Ivoire were officially French "subjects" without rights to representation in Africa or France.
		Among those located in the city are the West African office of the World Bank, the African Development Bank, the multinational Air Afrique, the African Regional Satellite Organization (RASCOM), a satellite office of the Central Bank of the West African Monetary Union, and the secretariat of the Council of the Entente.
		Concrete examples of Franco-Ivorian cooperation are numerous: French is Cote d'Ivoire's official language, Ivorian security is enhanced by a brigade of French marines stationed in Abidjan, some 18,000 French expatriates continue to make their home in Cote d'Ivoire, and the country's currency, the CFA franc is tied to the French franc.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/af/cotedivoire9504.html (3979 words)

	History of Côte d'Ivoire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		From 1904 to 1958, Cote d'Ivoire was a constituent unit of the Federation of French West Africa.
		France's policy in West Africa was reflected mainly in its philosophy of "association," meaning that all Africans in Cote d'Ivoire were officially French "subjects" without rights to citizenship or representation in Africa or France.
		In December 1958, Cote d'Ivoire became an autonomous republic within the French community as a result of a referendum that brought community status to all members of the old Federation of French West Africa except Guinea, which had voted against association.
	www.globalaging.org /armedconflict/countryreports/africa/ivoire2.htm (1859 words)

	French West Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The first issues printed specifically for the federation were the Eboue and a definitive series depicting colonial soldiers, both in 1945.
		The last issue inscribed "Afrique occidentale française" and "RF" was the of December 1958; it was followed by a issue on March 21, 1959, which omitted the federation's name and was inscribed "CF" along with "Dakar-Abidjan".
		The most expensive is the airmail stamp of 1951, which is about 10 US$ in mint condition.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/French_West_Africa (425 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Mali
		French military penetration of the Soudan (the French name for the area) began around 1880.
		A French civilian governor of Soudan was appointed in 1893, but resistance to French control did not end until 1898, when the Malinké warrior Samory Touré was defeated after 7 years of war.
		As the colony of French Soudan, Mali was administered with other French colonial territories as the Federation of French West Africa.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/mali.html (3991 words)

	History - Cote d'Ivoire - Africa
		As part of the French expansion in West Africa, Cote d’Ivoire was made a colony in 1893.
		In 1904 Cote d’Ivoire became a constituent territory of the Federation of French West Africa.
		The party was opposed by the French administration, and the tension flared into violence in 1949.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/cote_d_ivoire/history.htm (818 words)

	Cote d'Ivoire (07/98)
		In recent years, French investment has accounted for about one-quarter of the total capital in Ivorian enterprises, and between 55% and 60% of the total stock of foreign investment capital.
		Cote d'Ivoire sought change in South Africa through dialogue, and its ambassador was one of the first to be accredited to post-apartheid South Africa.
		Concrete examples of Franco-Ivorian cooperation are numerous: French is Cote d'Ivoire's official language, Ivorian security is enhanced by a brigade of French marines stationed in Abidjan, some 20,000 French expatriates continue to make their home in Cote d'Ivoire, and the country's currency, the CFA franc, is tied to the French franc.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/c/6236.htm (3613 words)

	Colonial era (from Guinea) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The French protectorate of Rivières du Sud was detached from Senegal as a separate colony in 1890.
		It is bordered by Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, and Mali to the north and east; by Côte d'Ivoire to the southeast; by Liberia and Sierra Leone to the south; and by the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
		Until it became independent in 1958, the Republic of Guinea was the overseas territory of French Guinea in the Federation of French West Africa.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=55226 (1059 words)

	Cote d'Ivoire (11/01)
		In recent years, French investment has accounted for about one-quarter of the total capital in Ivoirian enterprises, and between 55% and 60% of the total stock of foreign investment capital.
		President Houphouet, who was a minister in the French Government prior to independence, insisted that the connection with France remains strong.
		Concrete examples of Franco-Ivoirian cooperation are numerous: French is Cote d'Ivoire's official language; Cote d'Ivoire adopted the French legal system; a French marine infantry brigade stationed in Abidjan augments security; some 20,000 French expatriates continue to work and live in Cote d'Ivoire; and CFA franc currency is tied to the French franc (and the Euro).
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/c/25641.htm (4432 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The French arrived at Segou in 1866, and by 1898 they had conquered all of Mali, overcoming opposition led by Samori Toure.
		After two decades of French military rule, the area became the colony of French Soudan, a part of the Federation of French West Africa (established 1904).
		The federation collapsed shortly thereafter, and Soudan became the Republic of Mali, led by President Modibo Keita.
	www.gateway-africa.com /countries/mali.html (410 words)

	GRAIN \| Briefings \| 2004 \| GM cotton set to invade West A
		West African cotton farmers are highly competitive and known for the quality of their cotton, and cotton is one of the few crops with a functioning production and marketing chain that farmers can earn income from.
		Farms in Africa are also more diverse; some farmers grow cotton alongside a number of other crops, whereas others plant their entire field to cotton, and, in some areas, small cotton fields are surrounded by other small cotton fields, creating a fairly extensive monoculture.
		Once again West African farmers are confronted with a stark choice: either to follow the path laid out by neo-colonial interests and their destructive technologies or to take charge of their own destiny and pursue a pro-farmer agriculture that meets the needs of their people.
	www.grain.org /briefings?id=184 (7602 words)

	H378
		The course is concerned with the social, cultural, and religious history of the varied Islamic societies of North and West Africa in the turbulent era of French colonial rule.
		The period under consideration extends from the French conquest of Algiers in 1830 to the demise of France’s empire in Africa in the early 1960’s.
		The geographical setting is the French Maghrib and the Federation of French West Africa, with emphasis on Algeria, Morocco, Senegal and Soudan Français (modern Mali).
	web.soas.ac.uk /history/h378.htm (272 words)

	French West Africa on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1958 the constituent territories became autonomous republics in the French Community, except for Guinea, which became independent.
		Benedicte Guei, a 25-year-old mother of two children, said she was raped by 10 men, mostly Liberian, in the so-called Wild West of the Ivory Coast.
		French foreign legionnaires, with their flag waving, patrol to enforce a shaky truce in the Wild West of the Ivory Coast.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/F/FrenchW1A1f.asp (927 words)

	Farho.net - Info/Fun - Côte d'Ivoire Time Line
		This was a result of a referendum that brought community status to all members of the old Federation of French West Africa - except Guinea.
		Bedie is evacuated by the French military to Lome, Togo, before continuing on to Paris.
		The presence of French soldiers between Bouake and Yamoussoukro stopped the rebel advance to Abidjan.
	www.christ-web.com /missions/farho/timeline.html (1985 words)

	[No title]
		1886 : End of direct French governmental rule : Arthur Verdier was reinstated as Resident, but now under the supervision of the Lieutenant Governor of the "Southern Rivers" (French Guinea) 1889 : French direct governmental rule was once again restored, the structure of the territory remaining however unchanged.
		Superior Commandant of the French Settlements on the Gold Coast Commandant Supérieur des Etablissements français de la Côte d'Or (subordinated to the Commandant of the Naval Division of the Western Coasts of Africa) 1869 - 1871 Jean Louis Vernet Warden of the French Flag Gardien du Drapeau français 1871 - 1878 Afthur Verdier s.a.
		In 1893 the French Gold Coast was detached from the Southern Rivers, becoming the separate Colony of the Ivory Coast, which in 1895, became a member of the Federation of French West Africa.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Rotunda/2209/Ivory_Coast.html (621 words)

	Senegal
		French traders reached the area in about 1637, and French colonists founded the city of Saint-Louis, on the Senegal River, in 1658.
		The colony passed back and forth between the French and the British during the 18th century and was restored to France in 1815.
		GOREE, an island off the coast near Dakar, was the major point of debarkation for millions of African slaves shipped from West Africa to the New World.
	www.gateway-africa.com /countries/senegal.html (478 words)

	Guinea Bank Notes
		Guinea, located on the Atlantic coast of Africa, was a French colony.
		In 1895 it became an autonomous part of the federation of French West Africa.
		Became an overseas territory of the French Union in 1946, and an independent republic in 1958.
	www.tomchao.com /af/af33a.html (63 words)

	Find in a Library
		Africa, French-speaking West -- Politics and government -- 1884-1960.
		To find a library, type in a postal code, state, province, or country.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/55088508026f8a0e.html (54 words)

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