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Topic: Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions

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National Labor Union

American Federation of Labor

Samuel Gompers

Knights of Labor

United Auto Workers

History of Detroit, Michigan

1924

Detroit, Michigan

	Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions represented a transition stage of Labor unions in the United States; it was the immediate predecessor of the American Federation of Labor.
		Founded in 1881 at a convention attended by representatives of a number of labor unions and chapters of the Knights of Labor, its original goals were to encourage the formation of trade unions and to obtain legislation, such as prohibition of child labor, a national eight hour day, and exclusion of foreign contract workers.
		Samuel Gompers of the Cigar Makers Union was chosen as the chairman of its Committee on Organization and as a member of its Legislative Committee.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federation_of_Organized_Trades_and_Labor_Unions (324 words)

	American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Opposed to the socialistic and political ideals of the Knights of Labor, the AFL was, instead, a decentralized organization recognizing the autonomy of each of its member national craft unions.
		Opposed to the idea of a labor party, the AFL was a relatively conservative political force within the labor movement of the late 19th and early 20th cent.
		During the entire period of the alienation of the CIO from the AFL, the idea of merger was being considered by elements in both federations, and labor’s concern over the apparent antiunion policies of President Eisenhower’s administration (the first Republican administration in 20 years) gave new impetus to the movement for labor unity.
	www.bartleby.com /65/am/AmerFL-CIO.html (1282 words)

	Historical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Organizing unions, winning the right to representation, using the collective bargaining process as the core of their activities, struggling against bias and discrimination, the working men and women of America have built a trade union movement of formidable proportions.
		American labor's responsibility in its second century is to adjust to the new conditions, so that it may achieve optimum ability to represent its members and contribute to the evolutionary progress of the American democratic society.
		The National Trades' Union, formed in 1834 by workers in five cities, was an early attempt at countrywide federation-but the financial panic of 1837 put an end to its efforts.
	www.laborvote.com /historical.htm (7694 words)

	Union History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Trade Unions in the United States, the various labor organizations in the United States, each of which serves to consolidate, represent, and protect the rights of workers in a specific occupation or trade.
		One of the worst setbacks for the trade union movement was the failure of the strike of iron and steel workers in 1919.
		Unions took advantage, however, of the high rate of employment, the relative scarcity of labor, and the tremendous industrial expansion during the war years to increase their ranks.
	www.uawtmmk.com /UnionHis.htm (4578 words)

	Federation of Organized Trades & Labor Unions
		The Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions was a good deal less than a strongly effective organization.
		"The various trades have been affected by the introduction of machinery, the subdivision of labor, the use of women's and children's labor and the lack of an apprentice system-so that the skilled trades were rapidly sinking to the level of pauper labor," the AFL declared.
		The leadership of the early labor movement showed a keen awareness that the unions could not succeed with a "men only" philosophy, even though men were then the clearly dominant element in the labor force. In 1882 the Federation extended to "all women's labor organizations representation.
	www.geocities.com /ironworkers373/history4.html (397 words)

	IAM - HISTORY - LOCAL 933 - TUCSON, ARIZONA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Organizing and growth in the labor movement was stimulated by the decision of a Massachusetts court in 1842 (Commonwealth v.
		In December 1886, The Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada and The Knights of Labor merged together and formed the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
		During the 1920's the trade union movement was on the decline, due largely to the depressions of the 20's and 30's.
	www.iam933.org /history.htm (805 words)

	Samuel Gompers (1850 - 1924)
		Samuel Gompers was the first and longest-serving president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL); it is to him, as much as to anyone else, that the American labor movement owes its structure and characteristic strategies.
		When the FOTLU re-organized in 1886 as the American Federation of Labor, Gompers was elected its first president, a position he held for nearly 40 years.
		Labor union membership soared by the end of the war, reaching into the millions.
	www.aflcio.org /aboutaflcio/history/history/gompers.cfm (1071 words)

	History Now. The Historians Perspective
		Today, Labor Day marks the unofficial end of summer and a chance for a final bit of vacation as much as it commemorates the toils and achievements of workers and their organizations.
		New labor organizations sprung up and old ones expanded in a wave of militancy and activism that peaked in 1886 in the “great uprising of labor,” when union membership reached a new high, huge strikes shook the nation, and independent labor political parties surfaced in community after community.
		While individual unions and ethnic associations often sponsored similar events, the heterogeneity of the picnic crowd was unusual, manifesting the desire of the CLU to represent the interests and needs of the entire working class, rather than the particular concerns of one group of workers or another.
	www.historynow.org /06_2005/historian4.html (1968 words)

	Guide Introduction: Minutes of the Executive Council of the American Federation of
		At this point, several of the smaller building trades' unions blocked their reentry, arguing that the method of apportioning representation in the department be changed to reduce the power of large unions like the carpenters.
		The struggle of labor to restrain employers and their congressional allies from using the war emergency as a pretext to dilute union standards and also enact antilabor legislation can be followed in the discussions of the Executive Council.
		Among the restrictions it placed on labor were the prohibition of the closed shop in federal jurisdictions, a ban on the organization of supervisors, a ban on union political contributions, and a restoration of the government's power to use injunctions against unions.
	www.lexisnexis.com /academic/guides/labor_studies/afl/afla.asp (10243 words)

	Eight-Hour Movement
		Trying to eliminate that option, Chicago labor called for a citywide strike that began on May 1, 1867, and practically shut down the city's economy for a week.
		In 1884, the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions—predecessor of the American Federation of Labor—urged American workers to observe an eight-hour day beginning May 1, 1886.
		Chicago anarchists, trade unionists, and the Knights of Labor, despite the coolness of their national organizations, actively promoted and profited from the movement, and made Chicago its national center.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/417.html (386 words)

	CWA Local 4401 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A new kind of "growth industry"-consultants to management skilled in the use of every legal loophole that can frustrate union organizing, the winning of representation elections, or the negotiation of a fair and equitable collective bargaining agreement- as mushroomed in recent years, and threatens the stability of labor-management relationships.
		American labor's responsibility in its second century is to adjust to the new conditions, so that it may achieve optimum ability to represent its members and contribute to the revolutionary progress of the American democratic society.
		With workers recognizing the power of their employers, the number of local union organizations increased steadily during the mid-19th century.
	www.cwa4401.com /history.shtml (7713 words)

	Mayday 1886 The Eight Hour Movement
		The 1884 convention of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions (forerunner of the American Federation of Labor) resolved that eight hours "shall constitute a day's work from and after May 1, 1886." People in most trades worked ten hours, and those in factories longer.
		The employers reacted ferociously to the labor unrest.
		Laboring men who had heretofore considered themselves as scarcely more than serfs, without rights or privileges, fearing to organize, or failing to do so because of the hopelessness of their condition, seemed to be inspired with a new spirit.
	www.ilwu19.com /history/mayday.htm (592 words)

	AFL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The American Federation of Labor, the first successful national alliance of trade unions, was established in 1886 to strengthen ties between trade unionists and to organize the industrial work force.
		The direct descendent of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, the AFL concentrated on developing labor's economic power and then using that power to achieve shorter hours, higher wages, safe and sanitary working conditions, and labor's right to organize, strike, and bargain collectively with employers.
		Throughout its history, the AFL championed trade autonomy, which meant that the Federation did not interfere with national and international union affairs.
	www.history.umd.edu /Gompers/AFL.htm (240 words)

	Why Do We Get Labor Day Off? - Raise a glass to the desperate politicking of Grover Cleveland. By Brendan I. Koerner
		A parade was organized by the city's Central Labor Union, a branch of the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor, a secretive labor union founded in 1869 by a clique of Philadelphia tailors.
		In 1884, the American Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions declared that, by May 1, 1886, the eight-hour workday should be in effect across the land.
		When legislators and employers failed to comply in time, the result was a general strike and the bloody Haymarket Riot in Chicago, which caused the deaths of eight police officers and led to the hangings of four labor activists.
	www.slate.com /id/2106168?GT1=6900 (673 words)

	Commentary: Labor Day and Peter McGuire
		Labor Day differs in every essential from the other holidays of the year of any country.
		Twenty-one years ago, the granddaughter of Matthew Maguire came forward to claim her grandfather was the real "Father of Labor Day." Maguire, a machinist and one-time secretary of the Machinists Union, had also been part of the Central Labor Union of New York City in 1882.
		The Carpenters Union, of which he was secretary, presented a resolution to the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in 1884, which stated, "eight hours shall constitute a legal day’s work from and after May 1, 1886." The resolution passed.
	cf.alpa.org /internet/alp/2001/sept01p5.htm (1073 words)

	Samuel Gompers
		It was reorganized in 1886 and became the American Federation of Labor, of which Gompers was first president and of which he remained president, except for the year 1895, until his death.
		During World War I, he organized and headed the War Committee on Labor; and as a member of the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense, he helped to hold organized labor loyal to the government program.
		Labor Unions - How unions fought to honor the American worker by Ricco Villanueva Siasoco In the 1930s, strikes...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0821230.html (336 words)

	Today in History: September 5
		After marching from City Hall to Union Square, the workers and their families gathered in Reservoir Park for a picnic, concert, and speeches.
		This first Labor Day celebration was initiated by Peter J. McGuire, a carpenter and labor union leader who a year earlier cofounded the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, a precursor of the American Federation of Labor.
		For many decades, Labor Day was used by workers not only to celebrate their accomplishments, but also to air their grievances and discuss strategies for securing better working conditions and salaries.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/sep05.html (762 words)

	Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		From: Report of the Second Annual Session of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada, Held in Cleveland Ohio.
		RESOLVED By this Convention of Trade and Labor Unions, assembled in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, representing 300,000 workingmen, that we believe that the provisions of National Eight-hour Law are so plain and equivocal that on further legislation is necessary to interpretation of this law.
		Mackenzie moved that a Committee of Five on Organization be appointed to devise some plan for for the selection of organizers sanctioned by the Federation.
	www.marxists.org /subject/mayday/articles/afl2.html (227 words)

	ASP.NET Resources - This Day in History: May 1st
		The May 1st date is used because in 1884 the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions demanded an eight-hour workday in the United States, to come in effect as of May 1, 1886.
		In the 20th century, the holiday received the official endorsement of the Soviet Union; celebrations in communist countries during the Cold War era often consisted of large military parades and shows of common people in support of the government.
		Founded in 1881 […;] its original goals were to encourage the formation of trade unions and to obtain legislation, such as prohibition of child labor, a national eight hour day, and exclusion of foreign contract workers.
	aspnetresources.com /blog/may_1_labor_day.aspx (625 words)

	George Meany Memorial Archives - Questions and Answers: Frequently Asked Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On August 2, 1881, 21 trade unionists met in Terre Haute, Indiana, to discuss the possibilities of a new national federation of labor.
		Out of that meeting came a call for an international trades union congress to be held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on November 15, 1881.
		That meeting resulted in the founding of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada (FOTLU).
	www.georgemeany.org /archives/faq.html (152 words)

	Local Lodge 733 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The trade union movement in the United States originated during the early years of the republic.Skilled workers were the first to organize and form unions.
		They elected Samuel Gompers, then president of the Cigarmakers International Union and of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, as its first president.
		The depression in the early 1890's and a few disasteraous strikes stunted the growth of the union as well.
	www.ll733iam.com /733_history.php (748 words)

	The story of May Day
		THE HISTORY of U.S. labor struggles shows that the bosses are willing to use any weapon in their arsenal--from the courts to police billy clubs to the gallows.
		Chicago was a key center of the battle--and the heart of the left wing of the movement.
		The government used the incident as an excuse to crack down on the entire labor movement in a reign of terror that lasted for days.
	www.socialistworker.org /2001/367/367_13_MayDay.shtml (886 words)

	San Francisco Building and Construction Trades Council - Organized Labor: The Real May Day
		The movement was launched in 1886 by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, then one of the country's major labor organizations.
		The federation called for workers to negotiate with their employers for an eight-hour workday and, if that failed, to strike on May 1 in support of the demand.
		But the movement was an extremely effective organizing tool for the country's unions, and in 1890 Gompers was able to call for "an International Labor Day" in favor of the eight-hour workday.
	www.sfbctc.org /mayday52801.htm (686 words)

	American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations: History
		, the AFL was, instead, a decentralized organization recognizing the autonomy of each of its member national craft unions.
		But the union did help secure for its members higher wages, shorter hours, workmen's compensation, laws against child labor, an 8-hr day for government employees, and the exemption of labor from antitrust legislation (see
		, the AFL became the largest labor federation in the United States, with a membership of over 10 million at the time of its merger with the CIO in 1955.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/bus/A0856583.html (895 words)

	AFofL, Gompers, Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		But the union did help secure for its members higher wages, shorter hours, workmen's compensation, laws against child labor, an 8-hr day for government employees, and the exemption of labor from antitrust legislation.
		He worked as a cigar maker (a "skilled laborer") and in 1864 joined his local union, serving as its president from 1874 to 1881, when he helped to found the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions.
		He directed the successful battle with the Knights of Labor for supremacy, kept the union free from political entanglements in the early days, and refused to entertain various cooperative business plans, socialistic ideas, and radical programs, maintaining that more wages, shorter hours, and greater freedom were the just aims of labor.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~mwfriedm/terms/linds_16.html (944 words)

	May Day Weekend Greetings
		In 1884 the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada–the lineal ancestor of the American Federation of Labor–passed a resolution, introduced by George Edmonston, founder of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, calling for stepped-up militant action to achieve the standard of an eight-hour work day: "Resolved...
		But, as the mainstream leadership of American unions shifted from their class struggle roots to a class collaborationist perspective, international solidarity withered and the celebration of May Day in the United States declined.
		But the official Labor Day in September has become a lot like the traditional English Boxing Day when the grateful aristocracy would give their servants a day off in Christian appreciation of their labor on Christmas.
	www.kclabor.org /may_day_weekend_greetings.htm (889 words)

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