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Topic: Feebleminded

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	DHM: Library - Two Immigrants Out Of Five Feebleminded (Document)
		The most favorable interpretation of their results is that two out of every five of the immigrants studied were feebleminded.
		Three of the 30 were found to be normal according to the Binet-Simon scale, 2 were classified as borderline and the remainder, 25, or 83 per cent, were feebleminded.
		He, therefore, selects those questions that were passed by 75 per cent of the immigrants and by means of these constructs a new scale with which to measure the individuals in terms of their own group standards.
	www.disabilitymuseum.org /lib/docs/1781.htm (787 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Hollingworth (1922) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This is the municipal institution for the detention of the feebleminded.
		Data showing the social-economic status of feebleminded women have been gathered and presented elsewhere,[15] and are in harmony with the tabulation here made.
		Feebleminded girls will doubtless continue to drift with the regular classes, unless selection for special classes is made in a rigidly objective manner.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Hollingworth/Differential (4328 words)

	[No title]
		For unknown reasons, Michigan state representatives deemed her unable to care for her children, and they were taken to a state mental institution and left there.
		Nevertheless, the "feebleminded" label stuck, and when Aslin turned 18 he was told that he would be sterilized.
		In the committee's 1918 report to the governor, it defined "mental defective" as including the insane, epileptics and the "feebleminded." It claimed that mental defects were "transmitted from parent to offspring." It also classified three grades of "feeblemindedness": idiot, imbecile and moron.
	www.angelfire.com /nv/homeless2/news7 (682 words)

	Eugenics Survey of Vermont: Glossary
		Founded in 1834 in Brattleboro, Vermont through a private endowment for the care of “the insane poor,” the “Vermont Asylum for the Insane” was subsidized by the state and renamed Brattleboro Retreat in 1898.
		feebleminded, feeblemindedness = clinical term of the nineteenth and early twentieth century for mental retardation or developmental delay.
		In the 1920s, “borderline” “dull” and “feebleminded” were defined by ranges of I.Q. scores below the norm, where an I.Q. below 70 was considered “feebleminded.” The term “mental deficiency” eventually replaced “feeblemindedness” in the 1930s, followed by “mental retardation” in the 1950s.
	www.uvm.edu /~eugenics/glossary.html (988 words)

	E. H. Sutherland: Social Attitudes: "Mental Deficiency and Crime" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Some diagnose as feebleminded only those with low intelligence scores who are not found, in a complete physical and psychiatric examination, to be psychotic, epileptic, neurotic, psychopathic personalities, deteriorated by drugs or alcohol, or in other ways mentally or nervously abnormal, while others distribute the entire sample on a unilinear curve of intelligence.
		These statistics show that 52 per cent of those who entered the institution from 1921 to 1926 were diagnosed feebleminded, and that 51 per cent of those who were punished for institutional delinquencies were feebleminded, that is, that the feebleminded were punished with almost exactly the same frequency as the total population.
		On the other hand, feebleminded prisoners are generally not paroled as soon as those of normal intelligence, and consequently on any one day the proportion of feebleminded prisoners would be greater than the proportion entering the institution during a year.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Young/1931/15_Sutherland.html (5404 words)

	Social Origins of Eugenics
		The law encompassed the "feebleminded, insane, criminalistic, epileptic, inebriate, diseased, blind, deaf; deformed; and dependent" – including "orphans, ne'er-do-wells, tramps, the homeless and paupers." By the time the Model Law was published in 1914, twelve states had enacted sterilization laws.
		Her mother Emma was already a resident at an asylum, the Virginia Colony for the Epileptic and the Feebleminded.
		School records also prove that Vivian was not "feebleminded." Her 1st grade report card showed that Vivian was a solid "B" student, received an "A" in deportment, and had been on the honor roll.
	www.eugenicsarchive.org /html/eugenics/essay8text.html (935 words)

	Boston.com / Your Life / Health & Fitness / Mental Health / New book delves into Fernald's cruel past
		Needing a new home for him, state social workers said the shy boy should be institutionalized, based on an IQ test showing he was "feebleminded." Without a word from the child, a judge in Boston committed him to a home for people with...
		Needing a new home for him, state social workers said the shy boy should be institutionalized, based on an IQ test showing he was "feebleminded." Without a word from the child, a judge in Boston committed him to a home for people with mental retardation, dooming Boyce to a childhood of taunts, loneliness, and anger.
		Boyce, now 63, is one of hundreds of people of normal intelligence who were locked away as children for years at the Fernald State School because they did poorly on an intelligence test once widely used as a measure of ability to live independently, according to a book due out next week.
	www.boston.com /yourlife/health/mental/articles/2004/05/01/new_book_delves_into_fernalds_cruel_past?pg=full (1476 words)

	Do Liberals Owe An Apology to the Victims of Sterilization? The Case of Margaret Sanger
		The Eugenicists, however, were less concerned with the benefits enjoyed by those sterilized than the assurance that the delinquents and feebleminded would not reproduce themselves--a matter of grave concern as this new science began to document the insatiable lust and the resulting fecundity of the feebleminded and the insane.
		In Lynchburg, Emma Buck had been institutionalized as feebleminded for a number of years at the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded, when her daughter, Carrie Buck, gave birth at seventeen years of age to an illegitimate daughter, Vivian.
		Accepting the science of the time that claimed sterilization saved the feebleminded, who were not capable of parenting, from themselves and from a life of institutional confinement, it seemed only common sense to Margaret Sanger to approve an operation that had no effects on the individual's life other than to prevent conception.
	hnn.us /articles/1662.html (1219 words)

	Welcome to The New Hampshire Challenge
		The solution for these problems, then, was the segregation of feebleminded people and the creation of measures which would prevent such people from having children.
		So there were two schools of thought about feebleminded people: they could be taught, and they should be segregated and prevented from reproducing in order to protect society.
		The quotas were instituted to prevent an influx of feebleminded people from abroad, with a heavy emphasis on people from eastern and southern Europe.
	www.nhchallenge.org /article.asp?ID=31 (4420 words)

	Educational Forum, The: Echoes of a forgotten past: Eugenics, testing, and education reform
		Vineland served as a sort of holding center for children and adolescents who had been deemed "feebleminded." This term was a popular eugenic catch phrase for anyone thought to be mentally deficient.
		The feebleminded were considered hereditarily prone to crime, poverty, and a host of moral improprieties.
		For example, feebleminded girls were believed to be at risk for prostitution (Kevles 1995).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4013/is_200201/ai_n9062193 (1394 words)

	EN World - Morrus' D&D / d20 News & Reviews Site - feebleminded one of the characters! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Last night the party was attacked in their keep by a group of githyanki who were trying to recover a silver sword that the party had taken several gaming sessions earlier.
		Basically he was thinking that a more realistic feeblemind would be the lowering of all mental stats to 3(3 int, 3 wis, 3 chr) instead of 1 int, as the spell is now.
		His argument was that with a 1 int, the character would not be able to have an alignment(other than neutral) and would not be able to gain level(xp) because the character would not have a sufficent int to learn.
	www.enworld.org /archive/index.php/t-45750.html (381 words)

	History Department at Binghamton University
		In September of 1924, at the age of eighteen, Carrie Buck, an illegitimate daughter of an allegedly feebleminded woman, was admitted to the Virginia's State Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded.
		In other words, a feebleminded individual who had not as yet been sterilized, did not have any liberty as a sexual being because of the fear of producing children who would be mentally deficient.
		Conversely, the case of Skinner was brought to the court at a very low point in the American eugenics movement around the time of the atrocities committed by Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany during 1942, and not surprisingly the law was repealed.
	www.binghamton.edu /history/resources/bjoh/BuckvsBell.htm (3256 words)

	Quizzical graffiti: Fencing with the feebleminded
		If this is the work of a superior intellect who questions everything religious, he or she is making it too easy.
		It is interesting, this persistent notion that if someone believes in God in what we call a fundamental manner, and goes to church and follows the rules (OK, maybe not all of them), then that person must suffer from some mental deficiency or moral cowardice.
		We would not want to be accused of picking on the feebleminded who believe what they believe without asking the hard questions - and having what it takes to find and accept the answers.
	www.aculink.net /~nelson/quizzical.html (803 words)

	a screenplay about the endurance of the human spirit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		An intelligent boy is abandoned at a state run institution for the "feebleminded" during a time when these hospitals were virtually unregulated and conducting sterilization and eugenics experiments on their mentally handicapped residents.
		While the Lacey School for the Feebleminded is a fictional institution, the examples of abuse, manual labor, gruesome research and sterilization, incarceration of intelligent children, public hearings, and lawsuits are not exaggerations, but are similar to documented events in schools during the 1940’s.
		Reluctantly accepted by the Lacey School as a temporary resident, Nathan is thrown into an environment where he is forced to care for mentally handicapped children who are neglected by the immature, poorly trained, and abusive staff.
	www.feebleminds.net (510 words)

	To what extent was eugenic science implemented in state medical and health polices during the twentieth century? ...
		A court heard the claims that a woman should not be sterilized, only to trace back her hereditary and to deem her 'feebleminded' and conduct a sterilization.
		Again the humanitarianism and charity of the nineteenth century was criticised for allowing the paupers and feebleminded to exist in society.
		The Mental Deficiency Act allowed for the voluntary sterilization of the feebleminded and allowed the segregation of social misfits on the certificates of two doctors however it did not go as far as criminalizing procreation or marriage between the feebleminded as had been desired.
	www.coursework.info /i/46813.html (902 words)

	Postgraduate Study in History
		The subject of my research is the emergence of ‘feebleminded’ children and youth, and the systems of education and care developed for them in late-19
		It explores the historical emergence of the knowledge used to identify and diagnose ‘feebleminded’ children and youth and it aims to devise methodological strategies for evaluating their impact.
		Understanding the processes which led to the categorisation of ‘normal’ and ‘feebleminded’ allows the researcher to examine the assumptions that underpin current practice.
	www.history.bham.ac.uk /research/brown.htm (287 words)

	Institutions/Howe
		He was, in fact, too successful: Once the "feebleminded" were removed from the streets and the community, they found they were not welcome to return at the end of their schooling.
		It was a segregated institution at its worst: "pupils" were forbidden by law to leave; runaways were apprehended by the police and returned to the school.
		Most states have at least partially emptied their state institutions, but the community residences into which the inmates were moved are nothing more than state institutions writ small.
	www.ragged-edge-mag.com /0103/0103ft2.html (800 words)

	History
		In 1889, the Committee on Colonies for Segregation of Defectives reported to the National Conference on Charities and Corrections that custodians of the mentally ill had persuaded the American people that the mentally ill were dangerous and were getting lots of money for public institutions to segregate them.
		The Committee recommended the Conference launch a campaign on all fronts to persuade the American people that the feebleminded, epileptic, idiotic and palsied were likewise dangerous, so they could get the money too.
		The Menace of the Feebleminded* in Pennsylvania (1913)
	www.etsu.edu /idea/history.html (1027 words)

	Adoption History: Charlotte Lowe, "Intelligence and Social Background of the Unmarried Mother," 1927
		The facts seem to show also that so far as learning from age is concerned, the feebleminded remain forever young and therefore in constant need of supervision and protection.
		Secondly, a large number of those who are dependent the first four years of their lives are not adoptive and remain charges all their lives in one institution or another.
		Second, that the ones found to be feebleminded be prevented, if possible, either by segregation, close supervision, or sterilization, from having any more children.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~adoption/archive/LoweISBUM.htm (909 words)

	Research
		Beneath a large skylight that funneled sun into the middle of the room, doctors at the old Virginia Colony for the Epileptic and Feebleminded performed vasectomies or cut the fallopian tubes of thousands of people, mostly teen-agers, in the belief that stopping the transfer of supposedly bad genes produced superior human beings.
		Virtually anyone in authority could label someone "feebleminded," a catchall term for a number of real and imagined mental disabilities, and pack them off to an institution.
		But the eugenicists cast their net wide, targeting virtually any human shortcoming they believed was a hereditary disease that could be stamped out by surgical sterilization, including criminal behavior, alcoholism, syphilis and immorality.
	www.contac.org /contaclibrary/research60.htm (1930 words)

	NADD - National Association for the Dually Diagnosed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The feebleminded portion was often viewed as immoral and in need of close supervision, especially the women who were easy prey for men who might impregnate them.
		The feebleminded, whose increasing number had begun to be viewed as a “burden”, were described in very degrading ways by eugenicists.
		His widespread use of the recently developed Stanford-Binet intelligence test led to the “finding” that 40-50% of immigrants were feebleminded, and his faulty inspection of the lineage of the “Kallikak” family led to the conclusion that the feebleminded were hopelessly and incurably inferior.
	www.thenadd.org /content/bulletins/v4n2a3.shtml (2671 words)

	Searching the Criminal Body: Art/Science/Prejudice - Nicole Hahn Rafter's Essay
		Even before this, however, American eugenicists had begun advancing a new biological theory according to which the worst or born criminals are feebleminded (mentally retarded) and “the feebleminded” (persons with mental retardation) are by nature criminalistic.
		At the same time, officials at institutions for the feebleminded proclaimed that nearly all of their charges were inclined to criminal behavior.
		One result of this theory was a rapid expansion of the system of training schools for the feebleminded and their transformation into custodial institutions where people with mental retardation could be held for life.
	www.albany.edu /museum/wwwmuseum/criminal/curator/nicole.html (2209 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Maryland is the first state to pass a law authorizing guardians for "feebleminded" children.
		Edward Seguin opens his school for the mentally handicapped, introducing the concept of "Moral Education" of the feebleminded, wherein a holistic approach is used, including the principle of treating the mentally handicapped with "dignity, warmth and kindness".
		The first permanent institution for the mentally handicapped is founded: The Massachusetts School for Idiotic and Feebleminded Youth, was opened as a result of Dr. Howes work in 1848, when he placed 10 mentally challenged children in a wing of the Perkins Institute for training and education.
	www.geocities.com /mental_retardation_information/HISTORY.html (1613 words)

	Eugenical Sterilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The state claimed that Carrie was unfit to reproduce because she was "feebleminded," a trait she shared with her mother, and promiscuous.
		The worst part of the story is that recent research shows that Carrie was not promiscuous, "feebleminded," or the mother of a "below average" baby.
		As for being "feebleminded"; Carries 1st grade report card showed her to be a "B" student.
	iml.jou.ufl.edu /projects/spring02/holland/Sterlization.htm (652 words)

	Untitled
		A few months later, she was taken to the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded and surgically sterilized.
		The twins were "taken away from me by the court and (the court) said I wasn't fit to take care of them because I was feebleminded.
		Eleven years later, she was discharged from the colony so she could help care for her grandmother, who had raised her after her mother died.
	extras.journalnow.com /againsttheirwill/background/storybody2.html (280 words)

	What is Eugenics?: Eugenics Project: A Documentary History, UVM
		In 1921 town listers were required by law to submit names and ages of feebleminded children in their towns.
		He served as assistant physician at the Vermont State Hospital for the Insane and Instructor of Mental Diseases at the UVM College of Medicine prior to his appointment at Brandon.
		In 1925, a colony for feebleminded women was started in Rutland, where women received training as domestics and were hired out to local families to help make the institution self-supporting.
	www.uvm.edu /~eugenics/vssf.html (424 words)

	The Knife in the Closet
		Although nearly all of the sterilizations were officially recorded as "voluntary," the victims were ordered to sign permission slips as a condition for release from institutions, or to keep their children and various welfare benefits.
		During this period, however, superintendents of various state mental institutions were, without benefit of law, secretly sterilizing (generally by castration) some of the feebleminded and idiot inmates in their care.
		Carrie Buck, an 18-year-old feebleminded woman in Virginia's State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded, was the daughter of a feebleminded mother in the same institution, and the mother of an illegitimate feebleminded daughter.
	www.pop.org /main.cfm?id=160&r1=1.00&r2=3.00&r3=100.00&r4=.06&level=4&eid=310 (1908 words)

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