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Topic: Felids

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	Exotic Cat Standards
		Felids are inquisitive, exploratory and in the wild are particularly active at night, dawn and dusk.
		Some felids may dig underneath a fence line so for these cats that are individually prone to digging the enclosure perimeters shall have either a concrete footing, horizontal protective mat around the entire enclosure or chain link fence that is buried at a depth sufficient to prevent escape given the composition of the natural substrate.
		Feeding large felids carcasses obtained from road kills or donations is not recommended because of the potential for contamination; and use of feed animals selected from such sources shall be inspected by the attending veterinarian to insure they are free of disease.
	www.bigcatrescue.org /exoticcatstandards.htm (2745 words)

	ADW: Felidae: Information
		Felids are perhaps the most specialized hunters of the carnivores, relying almost exclusively on prey that they have killed themselves.
		Felids use a diversity of habitats, from desert to forest to mountain.
		Dentition is reduced in felids; shortening the jaw results in increased force at the bite point.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Felidae.html (0 words)

	[No title]
		In comparison to other carnivores, felids have a relatively short muzzle and generally a broader, rounded head (the exceptions are the lion, with a relatively longer face and smaller brain case, and the cheetah who possesses a rather high skull).
		With the lion being an exception, the fur of felids is soft and generally marked with spots or stripes.
		This sucking on human digits is apparently enjoyable for both the felid and its human companion as this practice has been frequently observed with adult cats and their handlers.
	members.tripod.com /kitty27017/id3_m.htm (3212 words)

	ZOO STANDARDS FOR KEEPING LARGE FELIDS IN CAPTIVITY
		Other large felids, leopards, jaguars, pumas, clouded leopards and snow leopards, are also territorial but highly arboreal and their enclosures should include climbing structures such as live or dead trees and artificial snags or ledges for elevated resting and long distance visibility.
		It is recommended that large felids be offered edible (or other) items on an ongoing but random schedule in order to combat stereotypic behaviors such as pacing, hair pulling or self mutilation as well as to add more interest to their daily lives.
		Medium-sized felids are generally ready to be transfer at one year of age, the female losing tolerance of the young when about 12 months old.
	www.felidtag.org /pages/Reports/Protocol/zoo_standards_for_keeping_large_.htm (0 words)

	Were There Pack-Hunting Canids in the Tertiary, and How Can We Know? - Science - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mustelids and felids were expected to have the strongest bites and canids the weakest.
		Overall, felids were found to have a high degree of mobility in the elbow and the wrist, reflecting their use of the forelimbs during hunting (Gonyea 1978).
		The habit of felids to use primarily their forelimbs to capture prey is supported by the anatomy and function of their retractile claws (Gonyea and Ashworth 1975).
	www.redorbit.com /news/display/?id=120519 (8598 words)

	Research: Management of Captive Tigers, Chapter 4
		Unique nutritional requirements of felids must be recognized in feeding captive tigers, including the need for high protein and fat diets, inclusion of dietary vitamin A (as retinol), arachadonic acid, taurine, and niacin.
		Recent studies with zoo felids have reported excesses of vitamin A and phytoestrogens, and deficiencies of taurine in various commercial preparations.
		Felids feeding on such carcasses may show varying signs from mild ataxia to general anesthesia that may last for days.
	www.tigerlink.org /husbandry/husman4.htm (1901 words)

	Felidae - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The cats' closest relatives are thought to be the other families in their branch of the carnivore evolutionary tree: the civets, hyenas, and mongooses.
		The first felids emerged during the Eocene, about 40 million years ago.
		The most familiar feline is the domestic cat, which first became associated with humans between 7000 and 4000 years ago.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Felid (391 words)

	Enrichment of Captive Felids through Feeding Programs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Felids are obligatory carnivores with a natural desire to hunt that, when denied, may be expressed through pacing and other undesirable stereotypic behaviors.
		Reintroduced felids must be able to locate, capture and kill prey (Ings et al., 1997).
		For example, meat scraps and eggs were placed in a brush pile for ocelots when the animals had settled down for their afternoon sleep (Law, 1993, Law et al., 1990); this encouraged increased public viewing time without considering the ocelots' natural daily routines.
	home.earthlink.net /~challehudson/writing/felid_enrichment.htm (3765 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The canine teeth in the felids are generally wedge-shaped and contain large numbers of pressure sensing nerve endings.
		Unlike most carnivores, felids have retractable claws which are extended to help grasp and slash prey, and when not in use are retracted into protective sheaths.
		This sucking on fingers and thumbs is apparently enjoyable for the felids, as it is for the humans, and the process is often observed with adult cats and their handlers.
	home.globalcrossing.net /~brendel/felidae.html (1860 words)

	moreaus
		A blend of human and feline, felid moreaus tend to be quick, agile and attractive.
		Many felid moreaus were engineered for use in espionage and infiltration, though large numbers were also bred and trained as pleasure slaves.
		Felids have no special bonuses or penalties due to their size.
	www.sover.net /~ravnwolf/AoS/moreaus.html (604 words)

	felids (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The felid phenotypes include big cats such as lions, tigers, leopards, cheetahs, and pumas, and smaller cats such as bobcats, caracals, wildcats, and even domestic cats.
		Though very empathic with others around them, especially with those who are hurting emotionally and physically, felid werecreatures are often very aloof, setting out to make a path all their own.
		The felid types can be very imposing when in their presence, or they can be almost "invisible" psychically.
	www.geocities.com /khai_pardus/felids.html (224 words)

	Zoo Guidelines (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Larger felids, tigers, lions, leopards, etc., also procure substantially sized prey and typically eat only once in several days; many smaller species take rodents and small birds and must hunt and eat several times per day.
		Quarantine - Small felids are especially susceptible to diseases of the domestic cat and all newly arrived felids should be quarantined at least 30 days prior to entering the collection area.
		Felids are also susceptible to non-specific diseases such as tuberculosis.
	www.csew.com /felidtag/pages/Reports/small_felids.htm (1946 words)

	Brazilian Journal of Microbiology - Isolation of Microsporum gypseum from the haircoat of health wild felids kept in ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The occurrence of dermatophytes in the haircoat of healthy wild felids, maintained in captivity, confirms their status as asymptomatic carriers and characterizes them as sources of infection for other animals and for humans.
		Given the considerable zoonotic and zoopathogenic potential of dermatophytes, it is important to research and identify these fungi in the resident and/or transitory microbiota of the haircoat of healthy wild felids, to determine possible infection sources in asymptomatic carriers.
		The existence of dermatophytes on the haircoat of healthy wild felids, not only elevates the risk that these animals eventually become ill, but also inserts them in the category of asymptomatic carriers, like their relatives the domestic cat, characterizing them as sources of fungal infection both for other animals and for human beings.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822006000200010 (2657 words)

	Hand-Rearing of Small Felids
		In larger cats it is felt that a single kitten often is unable to stimulate enough milk let down to produce an amount adequate for its own survival or for the mother to retain her interest in nursing.
		Most felids actually do better in a captive environment where some degree of human interaction is involved, regardless of the age at which it begins.
		Although KMR is formulated to most closely meet the felid requirements for a diet high in carbohydrates and protein and low in fat, some neonates have demonstrated an inability to absorb this well, resulting in excessive diarrhea.
	www.exoticcatz.com /carehandrearingsmallfelids.html (0 words)

	ANOMALOUS FELIDS
		American Black Panthers (Central North America) are described as pantherine felids distinct from both puma and lynx; they may be a northern population of jaguarundi or fl jaguar, released fl leopards or a puma whose fur has been darkened by rain or soil.
		It was described as the height of a wolf, of a yellow colour with a blunt muzzle, round ears and a long, smooth tail.
		It is described as a very sizeable felid that is yellow or tan in colour, short-tailed and having a ruff around its neck.
	www.messybeast.com /genetics/anomalous-bigcats.html (0 words)

	Irish Exotic Cats
		The Leopard is a highly agile felid that can climb trees, especially in order to stash prey so that other predators in their countries of origin (Africa/Asia) are unable to feast on the kill they have made.
		Such felids live for around fifteen years in the wild, and are solitary hunters, but up to four young can be produced.
		Felids were often ground down to produce fertiliser.
	www.mysteryanimalsofireland.com /IrishExoticCats.htm (5796 words)

	The Roper Report - Section 2 - Wlko Physiology
		The animals commonly "sit on their haunches", like quadrupedal felids, as well as lie down, either sphinx-like or, quite often, prop themselves up on their elbows with their legs out to one side.
		Sec.2.3 Skeleton and bone structure: felid pattern, except for the strongly ligamentous shoulder girdle and stout clavicular bracing structures typical of anthropomorphs; spine somewhat altered for habitually erect posture, but still very limber, as is the pelvic articulation of the hind legs.
		Wlko follow the felid pattern of extensive grooming by licking, both themselves and others, and like most felids give the impression that out of habit, in the words of Higgins, they will lick anything furry within reach.
	www.furry.org.au /badger/wlko/roper-04.htm (2448 words)

	Lioncrusher's Domain -- Canidae
		Generally, canids tend to be less vibrantly colored than felids, and they do not have the flashy spots, rosettes, stripes and tabby markings of their felid cousins.
		Canid whiskers are also less-developed than felids, since they do not do a lot of hunting in areas that are cramped or dark.
		The larger canids are usually highly social, while smaller canids, such as foxes, tend to be more solitary in their habits.
	www.lioncrusher.com /family.asp?family=Canidae (0 words)

	Felids and Friends,Inc. cats, tigers, cougars, panthers, mammals
		See how Felids and Friends and the Babcock Preservation Partnership is working to save 140 square miles of habitat in Southwest Florida.
		President of Felids and Friends accepts Lee County Florida Resolution in support of the Gathering of Artists.
		Felids and Friends interviewed again on television about Pet First Aid for Dogs and Cats.
	www.felid.org /menu_n.htm (0 words)

	[No title]
		Or, as I prefer to think, it could be an unknown form of felid that has paralleled sabretooths in form, like a pantherid or something.
		A cave painting of one such creature preparing to attack a hippopotamus is known to exist.
		In my opinion, this is not a felid, but rather a large sabretoothed otter species (or genus).
	www.angelfire.com /bc2/cryptodominion/felids.html (2097 words)

	Great Cats and Rare Canids Act of 2004
		H. To assist in the conservation of rare felids and rare canids by supporting and providing financial resources for the conservation programs of nations within the range of rare felid and rare canid populations and projects of persons with demonstrated expertise in the conservation of rare felid and rare canid populations.
		To assist in the conservation of rare felids and rare canids by supporting and providing financial resources for the conservation programs of nations within the range of rare felid and rare canid populations and projects of persons with demonstrated expertise in the conservation of rare felid and rare canid populations.
		(1) Many wild populations of felids and canids, once considered common, are in decline, and many have declined to the point that their long-term survival in the wild is in serious jeopardy.
	www.theorator.com /bills108/hr4826.html (2270 words)

	Faith Beverly (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ungulate populations are subject to predation by both canids and felids, and these predators often vary in body size and style of hunting (Mech 1970; Packer et al.
		Most felids are solitary hunters where as the canids tend to hunt in packs.
		The tendency of felids in choosing specimens is to go a little bit larger than 50% of its own body weight.
	www.whozoo.org /Intro2000/faithbev/articlereport.htm (1426 words)

	PCF/AZA Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The general consensus of this working group is that the private sector views the AZA as exclusionary, yet appreciates that they are a valuable resource of information and recognizes that the private sector and the AZA share a number common goals, objectives, and values.
		However, there was general agreement that the question is not so much whether non-domestic felids make good pets, but whether an individual is a responsible care giver committed to sound husbandry practices.
		The Felid TAG has indicated that the private sector could be a valuable for providing cage space.
	www.wildaboutcats.org /pcf.htm (600 words)

	GGCP Graduate Student Profile (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Breeding and management programs for captive endangered nondomestic felid species also need effective, safe contraception—It may be undesirable to have a particular animal reproduce each year, but its genes may be important enough that it may be desirable for it to reproduce later, making reversibility key.
		Additionally, free-ranging animal populations may also need to be controlled (e.g., feral cats, pigs, deer, etc.) Progestin-based contraceptives are among the most reliable and effective used in felids, domestic and nondomestic; however, they have been associated with side effects.
		The fact that administration of synthetic progestins is associated with mammary hyperplasia in domestic cats, including males, and that administration of antiprogestins to cats reverses hyperplasia suggests a role for progestins in the process.
	www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu /pmi/comppath/profiles/moresco.html (895 words)

	Avian Influenza in Tigers and Leopards \| CDC EID
		The mutation glutamic acid to lysine at position 627 of PB2, which was responsible for the high virulence of A/Hong Kong/483/97 and was also found in fatal human cases of H7N7 infection in the Netherlands, was observed in the virus isolate obtained from the leopard, but not from the tiger (9,10).
		Lung samples from all four felids tested negative for canine distemper virus by RT-PCR (11), while those of three of four felids tested positive for a vaccine strain of feline panleukopenia virus (12), administered 2 weeks before death.
		Second, if the higher pathogenicity of H5N1 virus for felids also means longer excretion of more virus, the role of felids in avian influenza epidemiology, both in humans and in poultry, needs to be reevaluated.
	www.cdc.gov /Ncidod/eid/vol10no12/04-0759.htm (0 words)

	[No title]
		It is often argued that wild canids and felids eat the stomach and stomach contents of their prey, thus obtaining vegetable matter.
		Wild canids and felids are completely dependent upon their environment providing what they need to keep them in good health.
		The Carnivore Connection's goal is to provide your domestic felid or canid with a food source that matches its physical needs in harmony with nature.
	pages.cfu.net /~trainyourdog/wild.html (929 words)

	azastd
		Felids are also susceptible to non-specific diseases such as tuberculosis.
		Felids also are susceptible to non-specific diseases like tuberculosis.
		felids, they are much lighter in build and weigh only 77 - 125 lb (35 - 57 kg).
	greenfield.fortunecity.com /hunters/93/azastd.htm (3726 words)

	Genital Tract Smooth Muscle Tumors Are Common in Zoo Felids but Are Not Associated with Melengestrol Acetate ...
		Age distribution of zoo felids with leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas.
		leiomyomas, whereas 30 felids (63.8%) had multiple leiomyomas.
		spontaneous neoplasm in the female genital tract of zoo felids.
	www.vetpathology.org /cgi/content/full/39/3/379 (0 words)

	AZA Taxon Advisory Group Profile: Felids
		The Felid TAG was founded in 1991 under the umbrella of the AZA.
		Collection Plans are based upon a conservation rank assigned to each species based upon their level of endangerment in the wild, the relative genetic and demographic health of the captive population, and the potential for acquiring additional zoo-born individuals from other areas in the world.
		As with the puma, the Felid TAG discourages North American zoos from breeding lynx and bobcat.
	www.umich.edu /~esupdate/library/97.03-04/mellen.html (1321 words)

	Cryptozoology.com
		In felids, this is often mistaken to result in a completely fl individual.
		The described length of this animal would mark it as a mid-sized to large felid however, the reported height seems to be more in character with that of a smaller felid (such as the Bobcat or Lynx).
		The last theory is the one of an as-yet-unknown felid being native to North America.
	www.cryptozoology.com /articles/bigcats.php (0 words)

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