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	Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (Belarusian language Феліск Эдмундавіч Дзяржынскі, Polish: Feliks Dzierżyński, Russian: Феликс Эдмундович Дзержинский; September 11 (August 30, O.S. July 20, 1926) was a Polish-born Russian Communist revolutionary, famous as the founder of the Bolshevik secret police, the Cheka, later known by many names.
		Dzerzhinsky was born into a noble family in Kojdanów (today: Dziarzhynovo) estate (near Ivianets and Rakau in Western Belarus which used to be part of Poland), then part of the Russian Empire.
		Symbolically, the Memorial to the Victims of the Gulag (a simple stone from Solovki) was erected beside the Iron Felix; the latter was removed in August, 1991.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Felix_Edmundovich_Dzerzhinsky (677 words)

	Pravda.RU:Towards the 125th birthday anniversary of Felix Dzerzhinsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Soviet statesman and politician Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky was born on September 11 (August 30), 1977 in the Dzerzhinovo estate of the Oshmyansky district of the Vilno province into a gentry family.
		Dzerzhinsky took an active part in the October coup: he controlled posts and the telegraph, and provided communication for Smolny.
		On Dzerzhinsky's proposal a commission for fighting counter-revolution, consisting of five members, was organised under the Military-Revolutionary Committee, and the All-Russia Extraordinary Commission (VChK) for fighting counter-revolution and sabotage was set up under the Soviet of People's Commissars on December 20, 1917.
	newsfromrussia.com /culture/2002/09/11/36374_.html (374 words)

	KGB's founder back on his plinth in Russia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Yesterday, in a potent symbol of the new Putinised Russia, a new statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky, founder of what was later to become the KGB, was erected.
		Brushing aside the fact that "Iron Felix" presided over Lenin's Red Terror and had the blood of hundreds of thousands of people on his hands, a monument to him was unveiled yesterday in the town which bears his name - Dzerzhinsky - just outside Moscow.
		Dzerzhinsky also set up the first Soviet labour camps, later to become known as the gulags, on the remote Solovetsky Islands south of the Arctic Circle.
	www.agentura.ru /english/dosie/Right?id=20040912230400 (476 words)

	Historical Gallery
		The towering statue of Dzerzhinsky was erected in the square in 1958, the depths of the Cold War.
		Dzerzhinsky is known as the architect of a campaign of mass arrests and executions called the Red Terror, which the Bolsheviks used to consolidate their power between 1917 and 1923.
		Dzerzhinsky died in 1926, but he had set the patterns that generations of Soviet secret police would follow.
	www.artukraine.com /historical/symb_terr.htm (1358 words)

	Felix Dzerzhinsky
		Dzerzhinsky was arrested in 1897 but managed to escape from Siberia two years later.
		Dzerzhinsky was arrested again and spent another nine years in Siberia until being released as a result of the political amnesty that followed the February Revolution and played an active role in the October Revolution.
		In December, 1917, Vladimir Lenin appointed Dzerzhinsky as Commissar for Internal Affairs and head of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage (Cheka).
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSDzerzhinsky.htm (1045 words)

	The Felix Dzerzhinsky School of Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Years after his death, Felix Dzerzhinsky would be placed in the KGB pantheon of heroic figures of the Russian revolution.
		Dzerzhinsky and many of his associates believed that the use of terror was not directed against individuals but against bourgeoisie as a class.
		Felix Dzerzhinsky would remain in control of the GPU until his death July 20, 1926 of a fatal heart attack.
	www.martinlindstedt.org /dzrzhnsk.html (999 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Answering critics that Dzerzhinsky was a "butcher" who killed millions of his fellow citizens, Luzhkov "downplayed" Dzerzhinsky's role in the deaths that occurred in the early years of the Russian Revolution.
		Dzerzhinsky, on Lenin's orders, set up the first communist intelligence service in 1917, predating the establishment of the Soviet Union, which came into being in December 1922.
		While press accounts generally report that Dzerzhinsky founded what later became the Russian intelligence services, and that he had a fearsome reputation, the public is left unaware of the kind of man or type of organization that still retains the admiration of Russia's professional spies.
	www.inatoday.com /felix.htm (660 words)

	Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky Biography / Biography of Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky Biography Biography
		Felix Dzerzhinsky was born in Poland of a landholding family.
		The Cheka is generally regarded as the principal instrument of "Red terror" during the course of the civil war.
		Although his opinions on policy frequently varied from those of Lenin, Dzerzhinsky's obedience to established policy seems to have been complete, and he held a large number and range of offices during the unsettled postrevolutionary days.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-felix-edmundovich-dzerzhinsky (531 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Felix Dzerzhinsky was known for his ruthlessness and for pioneering a system of repression that killed millions of people in Russia and the other former Soviet republics.
		Ramanchenka says Felix Dzerzhinsky was a symbol of the "Red Terror," not just here in Moscow, but all over the country.
		Dzerzhinsky was one of the most consistent and absolute opponents of even the idea of human rights.
	www.help-for-you.com /news/Sep2002/scripts/215ddb91.html (571 words)

	Luzhkov Wants to Resurrect Iron Felix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The 15-ton bronze statue, one of the most controversial and notorious icons of the Soviet past, was toppled from its pedestal near the former headquarters of the KGB by jubilant pro-democracy protesters after the failed coup by Communist hard-liners in August 1991.
		Dzerzhinsky, who died in 1926, was one of the ideologists and organizers of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and the first leader of the Cheka, the precursor to the KGB.
		The Dzerzhinsky statue was erected in 1958 by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich and was a landmark in Soviet times.
	www.eng.yabloko.ru /Publ/2002/papers/moscow-times-160902.html (721 words)

	Paranoia, terror cost Soviet Union dearly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A central figure in the Cheka and one fundamentally important in its operation was Felix Dzerzhinsky.
		Following a glowing tribute to himself in one of his fire-eating speeches at a plenum of the Central Committee July 20, 1926, Felix Dzerzhinsky collapsed and died of a fatal heart attack.
		Dzerzhinsky's unexpected demise came nearly at the precise moment Joseph Stalin emerged victorious from the succession struggle that followed Lenin's third stroke which left him unable to function politically.
	aia.lackland.af.mil /homepages/pa/spokesman/Apr02/heritage.cfm (1618 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Lukashenko opens monument to founder of Soviet secret police
		The memorial complex includes a museum and a bust of Dzerzhinsky, which stands not far from the foundation of the home where Dzerzhinsky was born.
		Dzerzhinsky, deeply reviled by critics of the Soviet era, helped establish the first Soviet secret service, called the Cheka, in 1917 under Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin.
		He died in 1926, and a statue of "Iron Felix" stood outside the KGB headquarters in Moscow until it was torn down during the failed hard-line coup of August 1991 that sped the collapse of the Soviet Union.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20041007-1446-belarus-ironfelix.html (358 words)

	The St. Petersburg Times - News (Duma Blocks Return of Cheka Founder's Statue) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		MOSCOW - The State Duma on Friday voted down a resolution calling for the monument to Felix Dzerzhinsky, the founding father of the Soviet secret police, to be returned to its pedestal in downtown Moscow.
		The larger-than-life statue of Dzerzhinsky - the creator of the infamous Cheka, the ruthless Soviet political police which evolved into the NKVD and later the KGB - dominated Lubyanskaya Ploshchad in front of KGB headquarters for years before being torn down by euphoric Muscovites in 1991 after the failed August coup.
		The issue of restoring Iron Felix - as Dzerzhinsky was known for his uncompromising revolutionary zeal - has come up repeatedly since the monument was torn down.
	archive.sptimes.ru /archive/times/584/news/n_duma.htm (584 words)

	Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (Belarusian language Феліск Эдмундавіч Дзяржынскі, Polish: Feliks Dzierżyński, Russian: Феликс Эдмундович Дзержинский; September 11 (August 30, O.S. July 20, 1926) was a Polish Communist revolutionary, famous as the founder of the Bolshevik secret police, the Cheka, later known by many names.
		Dzerzhinsky was born into a family of nobles in Dziarzhynovo estate (near and in Western Belarus which used to be part of Poland), then part of the Russian Empire.
		This page was last modified 22:46, 11 Jun 2005.
	bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Dzerzhinsky (608 words)

	RUSNET :: Russia KGB founder honoured (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dzerzhinsky was nicknamed Iron Felix, but this statue is actually bronze and will stand outside the town's palace of culture.
		As every Russian school child knows, Felix Dzerzhinsky played an active part in the October Revolution and founded the Cheka - or All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage - to give the body its full name.
		It was later renamed the NKVD before becoming the KGB and throughout the Communist era was the most feared arm of the Soviet apparatus, abducting, torturing and killing many thousands of people.
	www.rusnet.nl /news/2004/09/13/print/currentaffairs01.shtml (245 words)

	British Academy: Lectures, seminars, conferences and symposia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Felix Dzerzhinsky was a bundle of contradictions and the organization he created came to embody many of the paradoxical elements of his personality.
		During the Russian revolution and civil war Dzerzhinsky was a ruthless tyrant; yet he was apparently tortured by his guilty conscience, even begging Lenin et al.
		Dzerzhinsky met an untimely end – aged 48: he collapsed with heart failure after delivering a frenzied two-hour speech.
	www.britac.ac.uk /events/programmes/2004/pdfsymp/ab-lauchlan.html (350 words)

	5
		Dzerzhinsky became known as the "Champion of the Revolution." Lenin referred to him as a "Proletarian Jacobin." Under Dzerzhinsky, robbers, White terrorists, and other saboteurs were routed and disarmed by the early CheKa men, refuting the views in Russia and abroad that the Soviets had no law and order.
		The first Draconian measures the Bolsheviks employed did not rise to the level of what might be called terror against terrorists but may be identified as the confiscation of grain to avoid the starvation and famine the Whites conspired to create to overthrow the new regime.
		At the height of all this, Lenin was shot, Uritsky assassinated, and Dzerzhinsky kidnapped.
	www.geocities.com /redcomrades/chap22.html (4394 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Liberals fight return of KGB memorial
		Russian liberals began collecting signatures yesterday to block a plan to return the statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky, the founder of Russia's secret police, to its original site outside KGB headquarters.
		The statue was erected in 1958 by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich and was a landmark in Soviet times before it was lifted off its pedestal in 1991 by protestors using a crane borrowed from the US embassy.
		Dzerzhinsky set up the Cheka in December 1917 and launched the "Red Terror" the following year where thousands were executed at random.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/09/17/wkgb17.xml&secureRefresh=true&_requestid=217769 (242 words)

	History News Network
		Consider: On September 11, 2004, Russians unveiled a new statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky in the Moscow suburb that bears his name.
		Dzerzhinsky's 40-foot-tall, 14-ton bronze bust stood outside KGB headquarters until August 1991, when thousands of Russians famously cheered its toppling.
		The mayor wants the original Iron Felix statue restored to its base in Lubyanka Square, citing Dzerzhinsky's work in behalf of the homeless and support for the Russian railway system.
	hnn.us /roundup/entries/9118.html (648 words)

	Opinion - Keep Iron Felix on the Scrapheap of History - The St. Petersburg Times. General news from St.Petersburg and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Surely, Dzerzhinsky was contributing to the problem by arresting or killing hundreds of thousands of parents.
		Lubyanskaya Ploshchad may look empty without Iron Felix, but perhaps a better idea would be to erect a monument to victims of Soviet-era repression, as human rights activists have long wanted.
		However, the statue is a potent symbol of the worst aspects of that social order, and as such, certainly should not be restored to a position of any prominence on the city's skyline.
	archive.sptimes.ru /archive/times/805/opinion/o_7429.htm (494 words)

	Oscar Fricke: The Dzerzhinsky Commune: Birth of the Soviet 35 mm Camera Industry
		In June 1927, Makarenko was invited by the Ukrainian police to supervise the organization of the Dzerzhinsky Commune on the outskirts of Kharkov.
		Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (1877-1926), whose initials the camera would bear, was the founder and first leader of the Soviet secret police, or Cheka as it was originally called, from the time of its inception in late 1917.
		In a chronology written for the fifth anniversary of the Dzerzhinsky Commune (celebrated on 29th December 1932), Makarenko was considerably more specific: on 2nd June 1932, planning for the production of Leica cameras was formally begun; on 21st June, a special experimental department for the manufacture of Leicas was established at the commune [28].
	www.fedka.com /Useful_info/Commune_by_Fricke/commune_A.htm (9094 words)

	AllRefer.com - Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky, Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biographies
		Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky[fye´lyiks edmOOn´duvich dzirzhEn´skE] Pronunciation Key, 1877–1926, Russian Bolshevik leader, organizer, and first chairman (1917–21) of the Cheka (see secret police).
		Dzerzhinsky also headed the agencies that succeeded the Cheka (the OGPU and the GPU) and held other high posts.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/Dzerzhnsky.html (193 words)

	Doug Bandow on Felix Dzerzhinsky on National Review Online
		There were no flowers either; until pulled down by a mob in August 1991, a statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky, founder of the original Cheka, dominated the square.
		The Polish-born Dzerzhinsky was as cruel and hard as Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky, and the other early revolutionaries, and helped initiate decades of terror.
		Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov wants to reinstate Dzerzhinsky's statue — because it is an "excellent monument," he says, and not as "a return to the past." Human-rights groups are appalled and the Kremlin has indicated its opposition.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-bandow092402.asp (1663 words)

	Communist Icons Suffer Mixed Fates In Modern Moscow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The towering multi-ton statue of "Iron Felix" last made world news when anti-Soviet demonstrators brought in giant cranes to knock it down, in August 1991, just after the failed coup attempt that heralded the collapse later that year of the Soviet Union.
		The statue was hauled away from its pedestal in front of the former KGB headquarters, the infamous Lubyanka prison, and dumped with sundry other despised communist relics in a Moscow park.
		A member of Lenin's inner circle, Dzerzhinsky helped lead the 1917 Bolshevik revolution, and set up the communist secret police, the Cheka, which later became the KGB, responsible for the deaths of millions of Soviet citizens.
	www.eng.yabloko.ru /Publ/2002/papers/wsj-151002.html (797 words)

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