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	Inventor Felix Hoffmann Biography
		Felix Hoffmann, Felix Hoffman, aspirin, asprin, acetylsalicylic acid, John Vane, Dr. Lawrence Craven, Hippocrates, Arthur Eichengru, inventor biography, invention, history, inventor of, history of, who invented, invention of, fascinating facts.
		Felix Hoffmann was born in Ludwigsburg, Germany, in 1868, the son of an industrialist.
		Felix Hoffmann was never married and had no children.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventors/hoffmann.htm (1306 words)

	Bayer Annual Report 1998
		Felix Hoffmann's father had been suffering for many years from rheumatoid arthritis, with the chronic pain rendering him all but unable to move.
		What is certain is that Felix Hoffmann was the first to succeed in producing salicylic acid in a 100 percent chemically pure and stable form through acetylation, on August 10, 1897, according to his laboratory journal.
		Hoffmann's strength lay in the fact that he had made use of the information provided by his predecessors in literature and had learned from their mistakes.
	www.wiley.com /college/kieso/0471363049/dt/analysttool/realco/bayer/aspirin_en.html (1138 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Felix Hoffmann first made acetylsalicylic acid, better known today as aspirin, to ease his father’s arthritis.
		Scientists in the 19th century realized it was the salicylic acid in the willow that made the painkiller work, but it was hard on stomachs and had to be buffered.
		In 1899, Hoffmann rediscovered an old formula from a French chemist, and he spent time on developing and testing aspirin to promote its use.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/184.html (210 words)

	Felix Hoffmann: biography and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Felix Hoffmann (1868 - 1946) was a German (A person of German nationality) chemist (A scientist who specializes in chemistry).
		He was born in Ludwigsburg (additional info and facts about Ludwigsburg) and studied Chemistry (The science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions) in Munich (The capital and largest city of Bavaria in southeastern Germany).
		Arthur Eichengrün (additional info and facts about Arthur Eichengrün), another chemist who had worked at Bayer in 1897 and who, in 1949, claimed that Aspirin was his invention, not Hoffmann's.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fe/felix_hoffmann.htm (266 words)

	Aspirin
		Hoffmann's laboratory record of August 10,1897, the birth certificate for drug that was to conquer the world.
		Born in Ludwigsburg, Germany in 1868, Felix Hoffmann started his career as a dispensing chemist after leaving school, working in Geneva, Hamburg and Neuveville.
		When Felix Hoffmann retired in 1928, "his" Aspirin®; was known throughout the world.
	www.aspirin.com /pioneers_en.html (333 words)

	British Medical Journal: The discovery of aspirin: a reappraisal
		The discovery of aspirin is customarily said to have resulted from Felix Hoffmann's rheumatic father encouraging his son to produce a medicine devoid of the unpleasant effects of sodium salicylate.
		Hoffmann, a chemist in the pharmaceutical laboratory of the German dye manufacturer Friedrich Bayer & Co in Elberfeld, consulted the chemical literature and came across the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid and then prepared the first sample of pure acetylsalicylic acid on 10 August 1897.
		The page on which Hoffmann reported his synthesis of pure acetylsalicylic acid in 1897 is retained in the archives of Bayer AG in Leverkusen.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0999/is_7276_321/ai_69057212 (878 words)

	Intergraph Process, Power & Marine Insight Magazine - Great Minds Through Time
		Felix Hoffmann's discovery is now a medical staple across the world.
		In 1897, Dr. Felix Hoffmann was a young chemist working in his third year for a company then known as Farbenfabriken vorm.
		The elder Hoffmann was using a common pain reliever of the time, salicylic acid, to ease his pain.
	ppm.intergraph.com /insight/2-3/11-gmtt.asp (823 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Induction \| 2002 Inductees \| Aspirin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Could Felix Hoffmann, a chemist simply looking to help alleviate his father's arthritis pain, have imagined that he was developing the closest thing to a "miracle drug" in our lifetime?
		But in 1899, while at Bayer in Dusseldorf, Germany, Hoffmann rediscovered Gerhardt's formula and gave it to his father in a desperate attempt to relieve his rheumatoid arthritis.
		His boss was more interested in Hoffmann's other discovery, dia-cetylmorphine, which was called "heroine" because it made people feel heroic, and was tested on babies and sold as cough medicine.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/1_3_0_induction_aspirin.asp (535 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		According to the story, Hoffmann synthesized pure aspirin in 1897 because his father had complained of the taste of a drug then used to treat rheumatism.
		Sneader said Hoffmann was one of 10 subordinates working under Eichengruen at the time of the discovery.
		Sneader said Eichengruen was in no position to dispute Hoffmann's 1934 claim because he was struggling against a tide of anti-Semitism and hoping to save Eichengruen Chemical Works, the company he founded after leaving Bayer amicably in 1908.
	www.intelihealth.com /pcn/general/00240660.htm (568 words)

	Felix Hoffmann - Pharmaceutical Achievers
		Son of a manufacturer in the town of Ludwigsburg in Swabia, Germany, Felix Hoffmann first found employment in pharmacies in various cities and towns around Germany.
		As soon as Hoffmann succeeded in the acetylation of salicylic acid to produce acetylsalicylic acid, Heinrich Dreser, the head of Bayer's pharmaceutical laboratory, tested the substance for toxicity on himself, and then set up a series of animal experiments.
		He instructed Hoffmann to acetylate morphine with the objective of producing codeine; the result, instead, was a substance that was named "heroin." Like aspirin, heroin had already been discovered in 1874 by English chemist C.R.A. Wright, and so was unpatentable.
	www.chemheritage.org /EducationalServices/pharm/asp/fh.htm (785 words)

	To Your Health: Take two: Aspirin
		As any good son would, Felix Hoffmann hated to see his father suffering from arthritis and the severe side effects of the sodium salicylate used to treat it.
		When Felix Hoffmann began experimenting with salicylic acid in the 1890s, he started with the assumption that acidity was responsible for its gut-wrecking effects.
		Hoping to moderate this acidity, Hoffmann uncovered the long-ignored synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid in 1853 by Charles Gerhardt, who acetylated the hydroxyl group of sodium salicylate at position 1 of the benzene ring.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/mdd/v03/i08/html/10health.html (1668 words)

	Hoffman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hoffman, Hoffmann, Hofmann, or Huffman may refer to several things, such as surnames, place names which are derived from these surnames (mainly German), and other things, names of which are derived from these surnames:
		E.T.A. Hoffmann, German writer, eponym of Tales of Hoffmann
		Hofmann voltameter, a piece of chemistry apparatus sometimes used to collect hydrogen and oxygen gas created in the electrolysis of water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hoffmann (266 words)

	History 1903
		Franz Hoffmann, the original founder of today’s HOFFMANN MINERAL company, after successful studies and graduation, around 1888 joins a major Munich based builders and contractors company in a position of master builder.
		In 1979, Hoffmann sets an end to underground mining, and with this closes a whole chapter of the history of siliceous earth exploitation.
		A new change of generations is due in 1991: Manfred Hoffmann sr., who determined the company history over several decades, gradually withdraws from the daily business, and takes the chair of the newly installed Advisory Board.
	hoffmann-mineral.com /mineral-e-history/content_history1903-heute.htm (1589 words)

	The discovery of aspirin: a reappraisal -- Sneader 321 (7276): 1591 -- BMJ
		The discovery of aspirin is customarily said to have resulted from Felix Hoffmann's rheumatic father encouraging his son to
		The page on which Hoffmann reported his synthesis of pure acetylsalicylic acid in 1897 is retained in the archives of Bayer
		Hoffmann's report is that acetylsalicylic acid was already under
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/321/7276/1591 (1977 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU Movie Gallery: Aspirin Video No. 2
		It was first synthesized in 1897 by chemist, Felix Hoffmann, an employee at the Bayer® Company in Germany to relieve his father's rheumatism.
		Although sodium salicylate was widely used during the 1800s, it was very irritating to the stomach lining and caused problems for people taking it on a regular basis to treat painful conditions such as arthritis.
		This was the dilemma Felix Hoffmann's father encountered, which motivated the chemist to develop a form with less serious side effects.
	www.microscopyu.com /moviegallery/chemicalcrystals/aspirin/t1/aspirin02.html (252 words)

	The Aspirin story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		However, Hoffmann did not discover "aspirin." He "rediscovered" it after studying experiments on acetylsalicylic acid made 40 years earlier by French chemist Charles Gergardt.
		Hoffmann's breakthrough came on 10 August 1897 when he produced the first 100% chemically pure form of acetylsalicylic acid, thus without the free salicylic acid.
		Hoffmann's written evidence prevailed, and when he retired in 1928, Aspirin was known throughout the world.
	www.didyouknow.cd /aspirin.htm (724 words)

	Historian claims Jewish inventor of Aspirin was denied credit
		Conventional history of Aspirin says that its discovery resulted from Hoffmann's rheumatic father encouraging his son to produce a medicine devoid of the unpleasant effects of sodium salicylate.
		Hoffmann, a chemist in the pharmaceutical laboratory at Friedrich Bayer and Co., consulted chemical literature and came across the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid and prepared the first sample of pure acetylsalicylic acid on Aug. 10, 1897.
		Sneader said that the German is grammatically awkward and the sentence is capable of being misread to mean that the compound was about to be tested rather than it is being tested.
	www.cardiologytoday.com /200104/finalbeat.asp (916 words)

	Aspirin History - Invention of Aspirin
		aspirin, asprin, acetylsalicylic acid, Felix Hoffmann, John Vane, Dr. Lawrence Craven, Hippocrates, Arthur Eichengru, invention, history, inventor of, history of, who invented, invention of, fascinating facts.
		The effects of aspirin-like substances have been known since the ancient Romans recorded the use of the willow bark as a fever fighter.
		Sixty-five-years later a German chemist, Felix Hoffmann, was searching for something to relieve his father's arthritis.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventions/aspirin.htm (1172 words)

	Aspirin
		Felix was a young man who just happened to work for a soon-to-be world famous company - Bayer.
		Felix was in a desperate search to find a drug for his father to help alleviate the pain of his arthritis.
		Of course, Hoffmann thought he had hit paydirt and tried to convince Bayer to make this new drug.
	home.nycap.rr.com /useless/aspirin (866 words)

	Do Unto OthersProject-Church of the Science of God
		O nce upon a time in 1897, there was a young Bayer company chemist, named, Felix Hoffmann.
		Hoffmann had been seeking a pain-relieving medication for his father’s debilitating rheumatism.
		One century after Hoffmann’s discovery, aspirin continues to be the subject of extensive medical research and has gained international recognition for life-saving properties as a cardiac care regimen for millions of people.
	www.dountoothers.org /aspirin.html (691 words)

	Bayer Corporation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		August 10, 1897: Dr. Felix Hoffmann, a chemist working at Farbenfabriken vorm.
		Hoffmann developed acetylsalicylic acid with the intention of relieving rheumatic pain.
		Although the young Bayer researcher didn’t realize the significance of his achievement, in creating ASA he developed the active ingredient for the best-known and most frequently used medicine in the world: aspirin.
	www.bioanalytical.com /info/calendar/99/01bayer.htm (210 words)

	The Centenary of Aspirin
		In 1997 the world celebrated the centenary of the discovery of aspirin by Felix Hoffmann, and in 1999 we celebrate the launching of aspirin commercially by Bayer as a pain-reliever.
		1997 marks the centenary of the synthesis of the compound acetylsalicyclic acid, which came to be known as aspirin, by Felix Hoffmann at Bayer in Germany.
		This was the setting in which Felix Hoffmann (1868-1946), a young chemist working for Friedr.
	www.ul.ie /~childsp/CinA/Issue59/TOC43_Aspirin.htm (1464 words)

	Felix Hoffmann - Pharmaceutical Achievers - Teacher's Guide
		This biographical sketch of Felix Hoffmann has been reproduced from the book Pharmaceutical Achievers.
		The reading stresses that in Hoffmann's time scientists were beginning not only to build new molecules, but to attempt the design of molecules not found in nature for specific medicinal purposes.
		This can be used to illustrate the often unforeseen consequences of a discovery, and to raise questions concerning the responsibilities and ethical questions faced by scientists.
	www.chemheritage.org /EducationalServices/pharm/tg/asp/fh.htm (260 words)

	WOA 1897
		In his search for an effective and better tolerated antirheumatic for his father, Bayer chemist Dr. Felix Hoffmann synthesises acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), the active ingredient in Aspirin®;, in a chemically pure and stable form for the first time.
		A pioneer is a person who enters a new or undeveloped field: a forerunner who paves the way for others who in turn further develop the initial achievement.
		He continued to study chemistry and successfully completed his doctorate in 1903.
	www.aspirin.com /milestones/1897.htm (538 words)

	Bayer - Company history 1881 - 1914
		A scientific laboratory was built in Wuppertal-Elberfeld - which was also the company's headquarters from 1878 until 1912 - that set new standards in industrial research.
		Bayer's research efforts gave rise to numerous intermediates, dyes and pharmaceuticals, including the "drug of the century," Aspirin, which was developed by Felix Hoffmann and launched onto the market in 1899.
		The financial foundation for expansion was laid in 1881, when Bayer was transformed into a joint stock company called "Farbenfabriken vorm.
	www.bayer.com /about_bayer/history/1881_1914/page1208.htm (351 words)

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