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	Fell mountain railway system
		The Fell mountain railway system or Fell incline railway system is a type of Mountain railway system that employs a raised centre rail between the two main rails to provide extra traction and braking needed for steep grade sections.
		The Mont Cenis Pass Railway on the borders of France and Italy was 48 miles long and ran from 1868 until superseded by the tunnel under the pass in 1871.
		The Snaefell Mountain Railway on the Isle of Man was opened in 1895 and is still in use.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/f/fe/fell_mountain_railway_system.html (423 words)

	Mountain
		Cascade Mountain (Alberta) Cascade Mountain is a waterfall or cascade on the southern flanks of the peak.
		Fell mountain railway system A Fell mountain railway is a type of Mountain railway system that employs a raised centre r...
		Purple Mountain Observatory Purple Mountain Observatory is an astronomical pinyin, "Purple Mountain" is "Zĭj...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/mountain.html (4514 words)

	The Railways of Canada Archives -- A Legislative History of Nova Scotia Railways
		In 1865 (c.13), railways from Truro to New Brunswick (slow to proceed because of the barrier posed by the Cobequid Mountains) and from Windsor to Annapolis (with the province bearing the high cost of the necessary bridge across the Avon River at Windsor) were authorized.
		The authorized railway was in the streets of Liverpool and Milton, and the highway between them, "thence by the west side of the Mersey River [referenced to as the Liverpool River in the Milton Tramway charter] to the premises of the Milton Pulp company, limited, and thence across the river to the pulp mill".
		Since the railway crossed a good many streets in the then-unincorporated town of Shelburne, some of which were unopened, and had graded the road thought the town, the municipality had to be given authority to close the streets to public use to avoid an excessive number of crossings (c.122).
	www.trainweb.org /canadianrailways/articles/LegislativeHistoryOfNSRailways.html (17267 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Rack railway
		A cog railway, rack-and-pinion railway or rack railway is a railway with a special toothed rack rail or rack mounted on the railroad ties (sleepers), usually between the running rails.
		The Riggenbach rack system, invented by Niklaus Riggenbach, is the oldest form of rack railway and uses a ladder rack, formed of steel plates or channels connected by round or square rods at regular intervals.
		The Von Roll rack system, by the von Roll company, is similar to the Abt system, except that the teeth in the single blade are cut to suit the gear geometry of either the Riggenbach system cog or the Strub system cog (or gear) wheels.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Rack_railway (1454 words)

	Island Railways
		The 3 ft. gauge was adopted because of the mountainous character of the island, and all railway construction involved sharp curves.
		But the most striking island railway system in Europe is that of Corsica, which is worked by the Departmental Railways Company of France, and has a route mileage of 184, the gauge being one metre (3 ft. 3-3/8 in.).
		The principal system is that of the United Railways of the Havana, with a route mileage of 1,367.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r008.html (4841 words)

	Rimutaka Incline: Wellington's historic heritage
		The Rimutaka Railway was built as part of an ambitious 1871 Government policy to construct a national railway network to attract immigrants and to help improve New Zealand’s economic base.
		Railway technology continued to evolve swiftly, and within a few decades the innovative Fell system became old technology.
		The railway captured the attention of the community as a scenic mountain journey...
	www.doc.govt.nz /templates/page.aspx?id=34150 (617 words)

	Nilgiri Mountain Railway
		This railway, which starts at Mettupalayam at the foot of the Nilgiris and terminates at Ootacamund, covering a distance of about 45 kms, takes its course through a rugged and densely wooded mountainous terrian, most frightful and forbidding in certain places.
		The earthwork in the construction of this railway line was done by the old 61st and 64th Pioneer, later known as Sappers and Miners of the Madras Army.
		The mountain railway was completed only upto Coonoor from Mettupalayam by June 1899 by the Madras Railway Company a British firm under an agreement with the Government of Madras.
	www.geocities.com /ootysenthil/nil_rail.htm (953 words)

	Railways as World Heritage Sites
		Railways were not the only technology to further the process of imperialism: the steamship, the telegraph, and new medicines such as quinine were also important.
		Railway companies frequently came to own canals, while the transfer of technologies between the different modes occurred regularly, especially during the construction phase: railway lines were built by teams of men known in Britain and elsewhere as ‘navvies’ — derived from the name ‘navigator’ that groups of labourers acquired while building inland waterways.
		Railway construction on the plains between 1858 and 1878, partly by the broad-gauge Eastern Bengal Railway (EBR) and partly by the metre-gauge state-owned Northern Bengal Railway (NBR), connected Calcutta with Siliguri, at the foot of the Himalaya.
	www.icomos.org /studies/railways.htm (14146 words)

	ooty.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In India, Nilgiri Mountain Railway is the only mountain rail line of metre gauge system that is fitted with the unique rack and pinion arrangement for the train to negotiate an average gradient of I in 12.28 of Coonoor ghat section.
		Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) of the Southern Railway connects Mettupalayam of Coimbatore plains with Ootacamund that crowns the mountains of the Nilgiris.
		Riggenbach, the inventor of the famous Rigi system of mountain railways came forward with his proposal of using rack rail system at an estimated cost of 1,32,000 pounds.
	www.ooty.org /railway.html (2283 words)

	Fell \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		For the railway system, see Fell mountain railway system.
		Fell (from the Old Norse fjall, 'mountain') is a word used to refer to mountains, or certain types of mountainous landscape, in parts of England and Scandinavia.
		be born, used chiefly of lambs; "The lambs fell in the afternoon"
	www.babylon.com /definition/Fell (1089 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Grayrigg Forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Peak bagging (also hill bagging, mountain bagging, or among enthusiasts, just bagging) is a popular activity for hillwalkers and mountaineers in which they attempt to reach the summit of each peak in a region above some height, or having a particular feature.
		The WCML at Rugby The West Coast Main Line (WCML) is one of the most important intercity railway lines in the United Kingdom, part of the British railway system.
		From near the summit, there are impressive views down into the gorge of the Lune valley, where road, West Coast Main Line railway, M6 motorway and River Lune crowd between the outliers of the Lake District and the Howgill Fells.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Grayrigg-Forest (746 words)

	History of the Rimutaka Incline Railway
		The railway reached the summit of the Rimutaka Range by conventional means, but such a route could not be found to descend to the Wairarapa valley.
		The patented Fell centre-rail system was employed to enable specially-fitted locomotives to negotiate the steep grade safely while hauling larger loads than otherwise would have been possible.
		The Fell system had been patented after first use in France, providing temporary traversal of mountainous terrain whilst time-consuming tunnel boring was carried out.
	www.rimutaka-incline-railway.org.nz /history/index.html (859 words)

	MATTERandMOTION [Ch-1] - J.Clerk Maxwell {1882}
		When a material system is considered with respect to the relative position of its parts, the assemblage of relative positions is called the Configuration of the system.
		Thus, when we speak of the configuration of a system, the image which we form in our minds is that of a diagram, which completely represents the configuration, but which has none of the other properties of the material system.
		This system of vectors determines the configuration of the whole system; for if we wish to know the position of any point B with respect to any other point A, it may be found from the vectors OA and OB by the equation AB = OB - OA.
	www.mountainman.com.au /maxwell1.html (2765 words)

	John Barraclough Fell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He was both a civil and a mechanical engineer, inventor of the 'Fell centre rail' still in use of the Snaefell Moutain Railway in the Isle of Man. In 1835 he moved with his parents to the Lake District.
		In 1852 went to Italy where for several years and was associated with the firm of Brassey, Jackson, Fell and Jopling in the construction of several early Italian railways.
		Mark Smithers (Railways South East, 3, 152) described his portable monrail system which ran on portable trestles, and for which patented locomotives were constructed.
	www.steamindex.com /people/fell.htm (255 words)

	The Railways of Canada Archives -- Canadian National's Halifax and Southwestern Railway
		The railway servicing the for-mentioned area was one of the Canadian Northern roads, namely, the Halifax and Southwestern, before C.N.R. amalgamation in the 1920's.
		The Halifax and Southwestern Railway did not retain its identity after its takeover by Canadian National as its Canadian Pacific owned cousin, Dominion Atlantic did, but it is interesting to note that the Halifax and Southwestern did exist on paper well into the 1950's.
		Although the railway was once a thriving enterprise in Bridgewater, its activity steadily declined from the 1930's onward.
	www.trainweb.org /canadianrailways/articles/HalifaxAndSouthwestern.html (5123 words)

	Fell mountain railway system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A Fell mountain railway is a type of Mountain railway system that employs a raised centre rail between the two main rails to provide extra traction needed for steep grade sections.
		Trains are pulled by a specially designed Fell engine that has wheels pressing horizontally on to the centre rail for traction, as well as the standard vertical wheels.
		The Rimutaka Incline, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (closed 1955) is the only commercially operated Fell railway that survived into the 20th century.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/fell_mountain_railway_system (226 words)

	Railways in the United Kingdom
		The early history of railways in Northern Ireland is closely tied up with that of the Republic of Ireland.
		There are no railways on the island today, but there was once a standard gauge railway (not narrow gauge as suggested by some sources) running for some 22 miles (35km) along the length of the island chain from Somerset to St George.
		There are no railways in the territory, but the Spanish railway line to Algeciras was built in the late 19th Century by a British company to serve the needs of the garrison.
	www.sinfin.net /railways/world/uk.html (923 words)

	Dates in Canadian Railway History
		One of the conditions of Confederation was the building of a railway by the newly constituted Dominion Government to connect Halifax with the St. Lawrence at or near Quebec.
		The railway lay idle from late 1910 until July 25, 1911 when it was bought by the Canadian Northern Railway as part of its new Montreal to Ottawa line.
		Lawrence and Hudson Railway is formed by merging the CP Rail routes in southern Ontario and Quebec with its Delaware and Hudson subsidiary in northern USA.
	www.railways.incanada.net /candate/candate.htm (10587 words)

	Fell Incline section, Rimutaka Incline Railway
		An average grade of 1 in 15 was used to descend a three-mile section of track between Summit and Cross Creek on the Wairarapa side of the range.
		Traffic continued to grow, boosted by connection to the Napier-New Plymouth railway in 1897, later relieved to some extent by redirection to the route of the former Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company, purchased by the government in 1908.
		Two carriages that were propelled ahead of the Fell locomotive were blown off the line by a gale force gust of wind.
	www.rimutaka-incline-railway.org.nz /route/incline-section.html (833 words)

	Fort Collins Municipal Railway History
		The fare for this three-day operation was five cents per ride, the same basic fare that would stick with the system throughout its life.
		In January 1919, an election was held to decide whether citizens wanted to purchase the system and would agree to pay $100,000 to revitalize it.
		After running the system in the red for four years, the end came on June 30, 1951.
	www.fortnet.org /trolley/history.php (1390 words)

	Indian railway photographs stock photos railroads
		The Swiss engineer Riggenbach (who invented the Rigi system of mountain railway) arrived in 1882 to undertake the project, but for some reason the deal fell through.
		The starting point of the Mountain Railway is Mettupalayam in the foothills, elevation 330 metres (1070 feet) above sea level.
		After nine years with Coonoor as its terminus, the extension was finally completed and commissioned in 1908, and Ootacamund at 2200 metres (7228 feet) became the final terminus of the Nilgiri Mountain Railway.
	www.livingpictures.org /Nilgiri-railway2.htm (616 words)

	Twelveheads; Mont Cenis Fell Railway
		This is the quite remarkable story of how a group of British entrepreneurs put a railway over an Alpine pass nearly 7,000 feet high in the 1860s, to provide the first rail link between France and Italy.
		They used the central rail system which the ingenious British engineer John Barraclough Fell developed for the Mont Cenis Railway to climb 1 in 12 gradients, and when the railway was opened in 1868 it was the world's first mountain railway.
		Nevertheless it strongly influenced mountain railway development, and itself was so soundly built that there are still many traces to be found of it.
	www.twelveheads.com /tmcr.htm (452 words)

	Climbing the Alps on Mountainzone.com
		Preferring isolation and solitude to the convenience of using an extensive system of mountain huts, we had arrived with our usual kit— tent, sleeping bags, stove and fuel, etc., much of which filled a large locker at the train station once we discovered the basic protocol for climbing in the Alps: Climb light.
		Two days prior to our arrival in Zermatt a rope team of three on the Matterhorn slipped on the ice and fell to their deaths in a crevasse.
		The rockfall on the Matterhorn was blamed, to a great extent, on the intense and ongoing heat wave plaguing Europe that summer (2003).
	climb.mountainzone.com /2005/story/alps (892 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: While some rivers recede, others still on the rise
		Gus Melonas, BNSF Railway spokesman, said that while Amtrak passenger trains are having widespread weather-related shut downs, freight service is almost back on schedule after massive delays Monday.
		Railway crews are currently replacing rock and expect to be back on track tonight, Melonas said.
		Tuesday, 7.57 inches of rain fell at the airport, according to the National Weather Service —a figure that breaks the five-day record of 6.69 set in 1979.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/2003359926_webflood07.html (2699 words)

	Thai Burma Railway
		Hintok was the base of a jungle covered mountain, so was called the ‘mountain camp’.
		This was mainly an Australian camp, the Aussies had a good water system here and even had a shower.
		Pack of cards bridge was about 2kms from HP and fell down about 6 times; some beaten and pushed off the bridge by the IJA guards.
	www.discoverythailand.com /thaiburmarailway_p4.asp (476 words)

	Bulgaria - property for sale in Bulgaria
		Religion: Orthodox Christianity, Islam Relief: The lowlands occupy 31%, the plains and the hilly terrains 41%, and the mountains 28% of the country.s territory.
		The larger mountain ranges are the Balkan mountains (with its highest peak Botev - 2376 m), the Rhodopes (highest peak - Goliam Perrelick - 2191 m), Rila (highest peak - Moussala - 2925 m), Pirin (highest peak - Vihren - 2914m), Vitosha (highest peak - Cherni Vruh -2290 m).
		The climate in Bulgaria is moderate continental with four yearly seasons and average annual temperature of 10.5 degrees centigrade.
	www.bg-properties.co.uk /bulgaria.html (1004 words)

	Rimutaka Rail Trail: Wairarapa tracks and walks
		A rail route established in 1878 between the Hutt Valley and Featherston carried passengers up the steep incline from the Rimutaka summit to Featherston until the opening of the Rimutaka rail tunnel in 1955.
		The innovative Fell mountain railway system pulled trains up the steep slope of the Rimutaka Incline.
		DOC manages the Incline section from the Summit to Cross Creek carpark in the Rimutaka Forest Park, and Greater Wellington Regional Council manages the section from Kaitoke to the Summit in the Pakuratahi Forest.
	www.conservation.govt.nz /templates/trackandwalk.aspx?id=43589 (443 words)

	mda Railway Object Name Thesaurus: Alphabetical list - R
		A braking system which enables an electric locomotive or train to reduce its energy consumption by feeding back the traction supply power generated by the motion of the train when it is descending a gradient.
		A railway vehicle dedicated to the carriage of rerailing equipment required during recovery of derailed locomotives or vehicles.
		A railway vehicle designed to support the first vehicle in a train of road/rail trailers where the front end of each subsequent trailer is supported by the one in front.
	www.mda.org.uk /railway/railobjr.htm (3538 words)

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