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Topic: Female gladiators

	Gladiator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gladiators (Latin gladiatores) were professional fighters in ancient Rome who fought against each other, wild animals, and slaves, sometimes to the death, for the entertainment of spectators.
		A trainer of gladiators or the manager of a team of gladiators was known as a lanista.
		Gladiators who managed to win their freedom - often by request of the audience or sponsor - were given a rudis, a symbolic wooden sword, as a memento.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gladiator (1818 words)

	Female gladiators - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is commonly accepted that Emperor Domitian was the first to employ female gladiators as a treat for those who watched the amphitheatre blood sports.
		In September 2000 the Museum of London announced that it had excavated a grave purported to be that of a female gladiator.
		Historically, a strong condemnation against female gladiators was written by Juvenal, decrying the fact female gladiators were typically from upper-class families and seeking thrill and attention.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Female_gladiators (560 words)

	Frauenals Gladiatoren (engl.)
		They include a lamp depicting a fallen gladiator, believed to indicate that the inhabitant was a female gladiator, the first archaeologists have ever known.
		Despite their popularity, female gladiators were viewed as controversial and were eventually banned in AD200 by the Emperor Septimius Severus.
		Juvenal asserts that the female gladiator adores male violence, but she would not want to be a man, since his pleasure in sex is so much less.
	www.kzu.ch /fach/as/aktuell/2000/18_gladiatoren/femglad01.htm (985 words)

	The Gladiator
		The living conditions of gladiators were harsh but, as profitable investments, they perhaps lived better than many commoners in terms of food, housing, and medical attention.
		The gladiator was often the object of female adoration.
		Gladiators were owned by a person called a lanista and were trained in the lanista’s school (ludus).
	depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu /classics/gladiatr/gladiatr.htm (1051 words)

	female gladiator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gladiators were the lowest of the low, ‘perditi homines aut barbari’, so for a high-born woman to join their ranks was a double scandal.
		Of most importance is the reference to the wearing of a heavy helmet, with plumes, as the theory has been advanced that, of all varieties of fighter, that of gladiatrix is the least likely to hide her gender by concealing the face.
		Buried with her were a dish decorated with the image of a fallen gladiator,other vessels with symbols associated with gladiators, and three lamps with images of the Egyptian jackal-headed god, Anubis, who was associated in turn with the god Mercury, who had a ritualistic representation in the arena as the conductor of souls i.e.
	www.durolitum.co.uk /femglad.htm (2273 words)

	Encyclopedia: Female gladiators
		In Greek mythology, the, Amazons were either an ancient legendary nation of female warriors or a contemporary land of women at the outer edges of the world.
		The attitude of Romans towards the gladiators was ambivalent: on the one hand they were considered as lower than (A person who is owned by someone) slaves, but on the other hand some successful gladiators rose to celebrity status.
		Gladiator fights were first outlawed by (Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)) Constantine I in (Click link for more info and facts about 325) 325 but continued sporadically until about (Click link for more info and facts about 450) 450.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Female-gladiators (1210 words)

	JCS: Female Gladiators of the Ancient Roman World: Murray
		Classicists have long known that female gladiators existed because of selected references in the ancient texts and inscriptions; the literary and epigraphical evidence is quite convincing.
		While the traditional textual and archeological sources that depict female gladiators are well known to classicists, the same sources may be unknown to the typical sport scholar who is less schooled in classical languages and ancient history.
		However, he also suggests that the argument for her being a gladiator is solid and built on the sum of all the evidence.
	ejmas.com /jcs/jcsart_murray_0703.htm (4603 words)

	Osprey - Hail Caesar! - We who about to die salute thee
		Gladiators’ faces and images appeared on cheap domestic goods sold outside the amphitheatres to eager enthusiasts wanting to see the image of their hero on everything from glass beakers to oil lamps.
		Juvenal, the satyrical poet, poured scorn on these female gladiators, not just because they disgraced their position in society, but because of what he saw as the ridiculous notion of women fighting.
		Gladiators are known to have fathered children; rumours were even put about that Commodus was the natural son of a gladiator rather than of Marcus Aurelius.
	www.ospreypublishing.com /content4.php/cid=69 (3883 words)

	Old-time female combatants (Female single combat club)
		Female combative sports became relatively mass just at the end of the XX century but this is the serious subject not for one article.
		We should note that Propertus was captivated not only by the female athletism, not only by the fact that Spartan girls participated in all imaginary sports (including wrestling, fistfighting and Pancration), not only by their strength, adroitness and grace, but also by their nudity.
		Many of female gladiators were captives from the north, able-bodied bellicose women of the sort Tacitus described in Germania.
	www.fscclub.com /history/zhened-old1-e.shtml (2516 words)

	[No title]
		Each season had two "halves;" a male winner and a female winner would be chosen for each half, and the winners from both halves would challenge each other to become the grand champion of the season.
		When the series started, there were three Gladiators of each gender: the men had Michael "Gemini" Horton, who served as the Gladiators' de facto leader until his departure in 1992; Dan Clark, aka "Nitro," a laid-back fellow who was one of the series most popular Gladiators; and Deron "Malibu" McBee.
		Other notable Gladiators include Lee "Hawk" Reherman, a blonde, flattopped, likable male Gladiator with a tendancy to show-off; he later hosted the USA Network's Cannonball Run, and Shannon "Dallas" Hall who appeared in the show's last season, and later became a female professional boxer, fighting in the heavyweight division.
	www.geocities.com /gameshowmanone/gladiators.htm (1546 words)

	Gladiators - UKGameshows
		The show is derived from the original American Gladiators which, contrary to expectations, had only a tiny fraction of the glitz, glamour and budget of the interpretations of the format in the rest of the world - and a pathetically small arena, too.
		A handful of Gladiators survived all seven series including the true beauty of the piece, the stunning Lightning (female); the lithe and lissom yet clownsome Cobra (male), the cheerful, reliable dreadlocked Saracen (fireman) and the good old-fashioned panto baddie Wolf (canine).
		The rest of the female Glads have been rather anonymous, save for original pin-up Jet, who has since plummeted into obscurity using her real name Diane Youdale, and the occasional appearance for a season or two by random jobbing Olympian medallists.
	www.ukgameshows.com /index.php/Gladiators (1552 words)

	[No title]
		In 11AD a law was passed that forbade free born females from under the age of 20 from appearing on stage or in the arena.
		But that's not to say she could not, if she had been a Gladiator, have received a fatal injury in the arena, as obviously the fragments of bone that they are working from are very small, and constitute only 20% of the full amount of bone material recovered from the grave.
		Knowing that there were definitely female gladiators, the logical assumption is that they too would have played upon their sexuality in the arena.
	www.channel4.com /community/showcards/G/Gladiator_Girl.html (1429 words)

	Ananova - Museum recreates gladitorial combat
		Female gladiators will be included in the battles, after information gleaned from recent archaeological discoveries.
		Earlier this week archaeologists at the Museum unveiled the remains of what they believe may be the first evidence in the world of the burial of a female gladiator.
		Roman authors often spoke of female gladiators, who fought other women and were usually introduced as a novelty act between other contests.
	www.ananova.com /news/story/sm_61670.html (194 words)

	TV1 - Gladiators
		When Gladiators began in '92, it was Fashanu who was the known name, but over the years was slightly eclipsed.
		A gladiator would take a contender and try to stop them in their quest - to place their atlasphere directly on the centre of a pod (releasing gas to indicate a score) for 3 points each pod.
		Gladiator and contender would try to be the first to get across a series on bendy poles using momentum.
	www.zedlandfantasies.co.uk /tv1_-_gladiators.htm (2367 words)

	BBC - History - Gladiators: Heroes of the Roman Amphitheatre
		Exotic animals might be displayed and hunted in the early part of the programme, and prisoners might be executed, by exposure to the beasts.
		The combatants (as we know from mosaics, and from surviving skeletons) aimed at the major arteries under the arm and behind the knee, and tried to batter their opponent's skull.
		The gladiator, worthless in terms of civic status, was paradoxically capable of heroism.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/ancient/romans/gladiators_05.shtml (305 words)

	Ludus Gladiatorius - Research and Study. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is the purpose of the essay to serve as an introduction to their historical existence and to give some of the evidence that supports their role within the sands of the arenas scattered throughout the Empire.
		Of all the scant information left us about female gladiators this is one of the most compelling as it shows they fought against other females fighters and were taken seriously enough to have a large stone carved in their honour.
		Whatever interpretation we place upon Juvenals thoughts here there can be little doubt that female gladiators existed in his time for him to pull a this parallel upon and they seem to have been equally trained and armed as their male counter parts.
	www.ludus.org.uk /r/essaywomen.html (1325 words)

	Amazon.com: The Gladiator: The Secret History of Rome's Warrior Slaves: Books: Alan Baker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		While there were a few famous gladiators, such as Spartacus, the majority of these warriors were unnamed slaves, criminals or prisoners of war whose lives were nasty, brutish and short.
		There are chapters on why men became gladiators (some were slaves, others prisoners of wars or common criminals, while others voluntarily participated), the development of the arenas, and even a chapter on the emperors who fought.
		The gladiators life was inevitably short and violent, but not all contests were fought to the death, it took a tremendous amount of time and money to train a fighter and their "managers" did not like to see their investment terminated.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0306811855?v=glance (2461 words)

	We Ain't Cool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nitro was one of the original gladiators; debuting in the first season in 1989, and undoubtedly one of the most popular.
		Of course, this usually meant that the Gladiators coughed up a bunch of points in that event, but at least it was fun to see one of the contestants get their block knocked off in the process.
		Ice was one of the more prominent female Gladiators, but I still maintain that her biggest claim to fame was that she looked like a man. Seriously, if Malibu and Ice had been on the show at the same time, it probably would have been hard to determine who was who.
	www.weaintcool.com /Articles/gladiators.html (2995 words)

	Female vs. Female all real action wrestling
		The two hot female warriors began the match wearing sexy short dresses that went flying in the air as their powerful sexy bodies rolled across the mats in furious battle.
		These female gladiators fought an intense and competitive battle as they discovered that their opponent was also not only big and strong, but skillful.
		Because Angel, 5',4", 160 lbs., is a world class female gladiator with years of experience across the globe in no rules fights, multiple martial arts and extensive grappling training, the Flamingo matchmakers were initially against letting the wildy aggressive and youthful Sunny, 5'4", 135 lbs.
	www.flamingowrestling.com /vidstore/fvf6.htm (2132 words)

	Nagano's Legacy: Female Gladiators
		As surely as issues of gender equity follow issues of affirmative action, a new generation of gladiator is slipping on spikes and sneakers.
		But the landscape is filling with new gladiators -- from Tennessee's undefeated, aggressive women's basketball team to the first all-female crew in the grueling Whitbread Round the World yacht race.
		But Arlene Gorton, the purist, was not amused, especially after Mounsey told a TV reporter that her coach had told her to "get in their faces," and she had.
	www.nytimes.com /specials/olympics/nagano/hkw/022298oly-hkw-legacy.html (1514 words)

	Women Warriors Throughout History, 18th Century, battles, tournaments, soldier, revolutionary, war, pirate, duel, ...
		Phoebe Hessel (1713-1821) was born in Stepney and joined the army at the age of 15 served for many years as a private soldier in the 5th Reg't of Foot (or Northumberland Fusiliers) in different parts of Europe including Montserrat and in 1745 at Fontenoy.
		She revealed that she was a woman in 1761 after she had been locked in a cell and became claustrophobic.
		In 1781 Naval seaman Margaret Thompson revealed that she was female after she had been sentenced to be flogged.
	www.lothene.demon.co.uk /others/women18.html (1711 words)

	Female Gladiators sex photos stories with Female Gladiators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gladiator for a Day Blaze and Storm are shakin in their boots...
		Producers from the show were scouring the country for 16 women and 16 men worthy of challenging the Gladiators for the upcoming season.
		On TV, the contenders and Gladiators battle it out in a series of flashy games, swatting each other with giant Q-Tips, scaling 30-foot walls and rolling around in spherical cages.
	www.musclefemale.com /opens.html (1398 words)

	The Gladiators Zone Forum - 1995 Series
		*Zodiac was the only Gladiator** to have a catch on Pursuit in Season Four - she and Vogue returned in the Quarter-Finals, but were both beaten on that occasion.
		Jackie's bout against Falcon was much more exciting and she proved herself one of the most powerful female Duellists ever - stuffing coming out of the padding and all.
		*Zodiac is described as one of the most improved Gladiators** - a statement that couldn't be truer, though she looks to struggle a bit tonight.
	www.gladiatorszone.co.uk /cgi-bin/forum/YaBB.cgi?board=series;action=display;num=1086341937 (2955 words)

	Female Gladiators? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The remains of a female gladiator were discovered in a burial found near the river Thames in London.
		Specialists at the Museum of London believe that this may be the first discovery of a woman gladiator's grave anywhere in the world.
		Archaeologists think she is a gladiator because of the artifacts discovered with the body, including several vessels decorated with images of gladiators, as well as evidence of a feast that took place at the site which marked the burial ceremony as a special event, possibly that of a gladiator's burial.
	www.digonsite.com /drdig/greece/56.html (91 words)

	The American Gladiators Domain >> Version 7.0 >> The #1 American Gladiators Fan Website Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		First of all, I would like to thank you all for continuing to visit our American Gladiators website continually, even though the AG community is nearly dead.
		Also, it seems that the American Gladiators fanbase is shrinking (as seen on the americangladiators.org fan forum), so there is not as much payoff as before, relating to putting as many updates out as possible.
		I will say this, we at the AG Domain will continue to provide the best American Gladiators experience online through these rough times, and will continue to update the site through when the new design is online.
	www.agdomain.net /aghome.htm (604 words)

	Munera Sine Missione
		Gladiator Games - A full range of types, with an emphasis on the more common heavy and medium gladiators and retiarii.
		Foundry - Very nice figures indeed, let down by peculiar marketing which means that they may or may not be available to buy at any given time, and are packaged in sets which mix useful figures with much less useful ones.
		The range includes all of the common types, as well as female gladiators and dwarves.
	www.btinternet.com /~alan.catherine/wargames/glad.htm (524 words)

	Woman gladiator found buried in London.
		Archaeologists have discovered what they believe is the first evidence of a female gladiator who lived and fought in London.
		The existence of female gladiators in Roman times has long been known to historians, but before now there has been no concrete evidence of their existence.
		The remains of the female gladiator form part of a new exhibition at the Museum of London.
	www.netlondon.com /news/2000-37/83D5ACBD3CF56F20802.html (603 words)

	A Gruesome Sport With Executions at Halftime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Emperor Domitian once organized nighttime games, in which female gladiators fought dwarfs by torchlight.
		Barley gruel was a major part of gladiators’ diet, earning them the nickname “barley-porridge-eaters.” And the Colosseum had no toilets.
		During the late republic and imperial period, tens of thousands of fans packed into sweltering amphitheaters to watch the beefy gladiators hack each other to bits.
	daily.nysun.com /Repository/getmailfiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:ArticleToMail&Type=text/html&Path=NYS/2005/12/14&ID=Ar01202 (726 words)

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