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Topic: Female suffrage

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	Women's Suffrage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The philosophy underlying women's suffrage was the belief in "natural rights." Woman suffrage claimed for women the right to govern themselves and choose their own representatives.
		John Stuart Mill, a philosopher and the husband of Harriet Taylor Mill, was elected to Parliament on a platform of woman's suffrage in 1865.
		Female voter turnout matched that of men in Japan, Britain, and Finland in the 1960s, Sweden and Canada in the 1970s, and the United States in the 1980s.
	teacher.scholastic.com /activities/suffrage/history.htm (0 words)

	The Famous Five - Female Suffrage
		Nevertheless, the suffrage movement in Canada, with its emphasis on the virtues of motherhood and its general interest in strengthening the family—and thereby improving society—appealed to the larger reform movement within the young Dominion.
		Female suffrage was largely seen as a means to an end, not an end in itself.
		To farm and labour groups, female suffrage was a means of increasing their political clout, and to politicians, adopting the suffrage cause was seen as a means of obtaining or maintaining political power.
	www.abheritage.ca /famous5/achievements/female_suffrage.html (0 words)

	Women's suffrage
		The Movement for Women's suffrage or female suffrage was a social, economic and political movement aimed at extending equal suffrage (the right to vote according to the one-man-one-vote principle) to women.
		The territory of Wyoming was the first modern place where equal suffrage was extended to women.
		In many countries women's suffrage was granted before universal suffrage, so women (and men) from certain races were still unable to vote.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fe/Female_suffrage.html (0 words)

	[No title]
		Suffrage activists and their campaigning or organizational activities are the mechanisms through which full women’s suffrage diffused.
		First, regional suffrage is coded as the percent of states in the same regional as an individual state that have passed full suffrage in a given year (coded as 0, 20, 25, 50, or 100), updated every year (lagged one year).
		During the time of the women’s suffrage movement, because party agendas were set up with local interests and leaders in mind, women suffragists never secured the long-term endorsement of a major party (at least not for a significant period of time), and, as a result, suffrage legislation was rarely able to receive bloc support.
	www.yale.edu /scr/Schiffmanp.doc (0 words)

	Female Suffrage (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		"Female Suffrage," is thus of considerable biographic importance, throwing important light on her views of God, of society, and of American culture.
		The abuses inflicted on woman by legislation, the want of sufficient protection for her interests when confided to man, are generally asserted by the advocates of female suffrage as the chief motives for a change in the laws which withhold from her the power of voting.
		We are gravely told that to grant the suffrage to woman would be a step inevitably beneficial and elevating to the whole sex, and, through their influence, to the entire race, and that, on this ground alone, the proposed change in the constitution should be made.
	external.oneonta.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /cooper/susan/suffrage.html (0 words)

	Women's suffrage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The suffrage movement was led by suffragists, defined as anyone, man or woman, who supports the extension of suffrage to women, and by suffragettes, the feminine form of the title given only to women who campaigned for the right of suffrage.
		The early suffrage movement advocated equal suffrage (abolition of graded votes) rather than universal suffrage (abolition of all discrimination, for example, due to race), which was considered too radical at the time.
		Political movement towards women's suffrage began during the war and in 1918, the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed an act granting the vote to: women over the age of 30 who were householders, the wives of householders, occupiers of property with an annual rent of £5, and graduates of British universities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Female_suffrage (5684 words)

	Obstacles to Overcome - (Women in World History Curriculum)
		Suffrage became only one part of the process of social change which recognized the need first to address women’s problems associated with their health and work.
		Feminist and suffrage supporters in non-western regions tended to be accused of blindly imitating Western women, who were perceived as aggressive and shameless.
		In 1934, General Lázaro Cárdenas drafted a bill to implement female suffrage, which was passed by both the Senate and Chamber of Deputies, was ratified by the states, and only needed formal declaration to be made into law.
	www.womeninworldhistory.com /essay-06-04.html (0 words)

	Lang - why did the Women's Suffrage movement fail?
		The standard version of the story of the fight for female suffrage sees it as a straight contest between the suffragettes and a chauvinistic male establishment, headed - not to say embodied - by the prime minister, Asquith, and encompassing blinkered politicians, burly policemen and brutal prison warders.
		The whole question of female suffrage was bound to be controversial and divisive, but many of the suffragette tactics seemed deliberately geared to aggravate these divisions.
		Asquith had been quite prepared to look at the issue of female suffrage [but] suffragette violence not only repulsed him personally but made it virtually impossible for him to bend on the issue even had he wished to, since it would make it appear as if he were giving in to threats.
	www.johndclare.net /Women2_Lang_WhyFailed.htm (0 words)

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		Female suffrage is now one of the grave social questions of the day.
		That is certainly more than opponents of female suffrage are willing to concede; but I am ready and willing to concede it, but T am not only willing to concede it, but also ready to maintain it.
		To object to suffrage for women on the ground that they are not qualified, and that it will change the natural relations of the sexes, only weakens the cause of those who oppose it.
	home.swbell.net /bobbiev/suffrage.html (0 words)

	The Case for Suffrage - (Women in World History Curriculum)
		In Canada, the federal government used female suffrage as a political tool, enfranchising army nurses and female relatives of soldiers serving overseas in order to secure an election victory.
		The push for female political power sometimes occurred when it was clear that without political power little would change for women, even with the passage of substantive reforms.
		Obstacles to Overcome: Female suffrage was a divisive issue and perceived by some to be too revolutionary.
	www.womeninworldhistory.com /essay-06-03.html (0 words)

	Calgary & Southern Alberta - The Reform Movement and Suffrage
		The organised efforts of women resulted in the passing of female suffrage by the Alberta legislature in 1916.
		Alberta’s suffrage campaign was neither long nor arduous; it began in 1902 and ended on April 19, 1916 when Alberta became the third province to grant women the vote (Manitoba assented to equal suffrage in January and Saskatchewan followed in March).
		When the public endorsed prohibition in 1916, female suffrage took on an air of inevitability and was passed on April 19, 1916.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/calgary/suffrage.html (0 words)

	Woman Suffrage in Colorado, 1877-1893, Introduction
		The suffrage bill that eventually became law in 1893 was written according to this provision (see documents 13 and 26).
		In the end, Republicans divided over woman suffrage (see documents 13 and 23), and it was the Populists who provided a forum for suffragists within their ranks (see document 11), introduced the 1893 suffrage bill in the Colorado legislature (see document 13), and proclaimed it law (see document 26).
		Moreover, the failure in 1877 cannot be disentangled from the end of Reconstruction and weariness over the issue of Black male suffrage at the national level (see documents 1 and 5), and success in 1893 occurred within the context of the nation’s worst economic crisis to that date and subsequent political changes.
	womhist.binghamton.edu /colosuff/intro.htm (0 words)

	The Road to Women's Suffrage
		Prior to 1916, apart from certain municipalities, which allowed women to vote, suffrage was reserved for male British subjects (this being before the Statute of Westminster, 1931) of 21 years of age.
		The biggest obstacle for female suffrage, especially in the East, was strong conservatism and in Quebec, Catholicism.
		In 1922, Prince Edward Island awarded voting and representing rights to women, leaving Quebec the only Canadian province to lack female suffrage, but the anti-suffrage movement was strong in Quebec, where nearly 50,000 women signed a petition against the vote.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/life_in_canada/90071 (0 words)

	SkyMinds.Net (British Politics : More electoral inequalities)
		Arguments against franchise for women : women were disqualified by their sex ; franchise was based on property qualification ; women were thought to be too emotional ; most women did not need the vote (they were surrounded by men who often would have it).
		Susan Kingsley Kent (in Sex and Suffrage in Britain 1860-1914) describes the middle-class suffragist movement : she claims that far too many historians assumed it was exclusively political.
		For her, it was more than that : the vote was the symbol of the sexually autonomous woman - female suffrage therefore meant opening the way to a transformation of the condition of women.
	www.skyminds.net /politics/gb_04_more_electoral_inequalities.php (0 words)

	John Stuart Mill, Punch, and the Debate Surrounding Female Suffrage, March-May, 1867
		Punch's female counterpart--occurs in June 1, 1867 issue of Punch the last to deal with this phase of female suffrage efforts.
		These faces are the most attractive and female readers (or male readers thinking about their wives, sisters and daughters) would probably read themselves into these less active characters.
		One theme alluded to throughout both the written and pictorial pieces in Punch which deal with the issue of female suffrage, is the question of whether it is appropriate to label women "persons." It was criticized by pro-suffrage women, like Sophonisba Smith, as well as more upright and articulate women like the anti-suffrage Judy.
	projects.vassar.edu /punch/lockwoodpaper.html (0 words)

	MNHS.ORG \| Library \| History Topics \| Women's Suffrage
		Women began campaigning for suffrage — the right to vote — in the United States in the mid-1800s, in marches, rallies, speeches, and appeals to legislatures and the Congress.
		In 1920, the passage and ratification of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which granted women the right to vote, brought success to their long 75-year campaign to be accorded equal citizenship rights.
		Female Empowerment: A History of the Minnesota Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1900 to 1910, by Kathleen Edith Kerr.
	www.mnhs.org /library/tips/history_topics/107suffrage.html (0 words)

	Male Support of Female Suffrage Discussion
		Re: Men's Leagues for Woman Suffrage in the U.S., Max Eastman--editor of _The Masses_ chaired one for the Wisconsin referendum in 1912 at the request of Crystal Eastman, his sister, who was a campaign manager.
		They are part of the Equal Suffrage League Collection, Accession 22002, that was given to the library in 1942 by Ida M. Thompson, a clerk with the W.P.A. Historical Records Survey and former office secretary for the Virginia Equal Suffrage League and the League of Women Voters.
		The Men's Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was formed by a group of Richmond businessmen at the prompting of Equal Suffrage League president Lila Meade Valentine.
	www.h-net.org /~women/threads/disc-malesupport.html (0 words)

	Women's Rights Movement in the U.S.: Timeline
		The primary goal of the organization is to achieve voting rights for women by means of a Congressional amendment to the Constitution.
		Margaret Sanger opens the first U.S. birth-control clinic in Brooklyn, N.Y. Although the clinic is shut down 10 days later and Sanger is arrested, she eventually wins support through the courts and opens another clinic in New York City in 1923.
		The federal woman suffrage amendment, originally written by Susan B. Anthony and introduced in Congress in 1878, is passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/womenstimeline1.html (0 words)

	[Regents Prep U.S. History] Reform: Suffrage
		During the early 1800s, the property requirement was lifted as the government became obligated to offer suffrage to veterans fighting for the United States.
		The early Women's Suffrage Movement and the Abolitionist Movement merged in order to achieve their common aims.
		However, after the Civil War, it soon became clear that while voting would be opened to all men, regardless of color, it would still be denied to women.
	regentsprep.org /regents/ushisgov/themes/reform/suffrage.htm (0 words)

	The Emma Goldman Papers Curriculum: Excerpt from "Woman Suffrage"
		The reward that he receives is stringent labor laws prohibiting the right of boycott, of picketing, in fact, of everything, except the right to be robbed of the fruits of his labor.
		Needless to say, I am not opposed to woman suffrage on the conventional ground that she is not equal to it.
		Thus Susan B. Anthony, no doubt an exceptional type of woman, was not only indifferent but antagonistic to labor; nor did she hesitate to manifest her antagonism when, in 1869, she advised women to take the places of striking printers in New York.
	sunsite.berkeley.edu /Goldman/Curricula/WomensRights/suffrage.html (0 words)

	Hawaiian Kingdom - Suffrage of Female Subjects
		On March 12, 1997, at a public meeting held at the Queen Lili`uokalani Children Center at Halona, it was brought to the attention of this office by a female subject of the Kingdom, that there is no provision in the law that bars female subjects from voting in the election for Representatives of the Kingdom.
		On the contrary, the Constitution repels the conclusion of excluding the female gender from participating in the Legislative body, when that Constitution specifically provided for certain women to serve in the government, namely, Kekauluohi as Premier, and Hoapiliwahine, Kekau`onohi, Konia, and Keohokalole as members of the House of Nobles.
		Careful examination of the Organic laws and Statutes which affect the Representative body of the Kingdom fails to disclose any provision precluding the female gender from participating in the electoral process, except for insane or idiotic persons or persons convicted of an infamous crime without a pardon by the Monarch.
	www.hawaiiankingdom.org /info-suffrage.shtml (0 words)

	black women and suffrage
		During Reconstruction, suffrage was a subject on everybody's mind, and in 1866, Congress passed the
		earlier commitment to female suffrage, and was now saying that, while the ballot was "desirable" for
		suffrage because of the sex of a human being, I should at least be consistent enough to never
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~elk/suffrageblackwomen.html (0 words)

	Female Suffrage eBooks - Susan Fenimore Cooper - Visit eBookMall Today!
		Female Suffrage eBooks - Susan Fenimore Cooper - Visit eBookMall Today!
		eBooks - Miscellaneous - Miscellaneous - Susan Fenimore Cooper - Female Suffrage
		There are three conclusive reasons why we should expect it to continue so for the future.
	www.ebookmall.com /ebooks/female-suffrage-cooper-ebooks.htm (0 words)

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