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	Feminist Literary Criticism
		Since feminist literary criticism has re-discovered the forgotten texts, from the 17th centu-ry onwards, written by women whose contribution to the emergence of the novel genre is undeniable, and included them in the critical evalua-tions, it is quite important to present them both in a historical and liter-ary perspective.
		Feminist literary criticism became a theoretical issue with the ad-vent of the new women's movement initiated in the early 1960s.
		Feminist readings show them to be deceptive, and they attempt to refine these basic assumptions: furthermore, feminist readings direct our attention to the infinite variations of the same text in its interpretations, and point to the text's difference from its own basic assumptions as we have seen in the case of Heart of Darkness.
	members.tripod.com /~warlight/OPPERMANN.html (11793 words)

	Feminist Criticism
		Feminist critics hold that, rather than view the literary work as something which contains the world or is a world unto itself, we should view the work as contained by the world.
		This means that the critic's focus begins to include or even to center on the gender, race, nationality, and social class of the writer, the critic, the reader, or characters within a work.
		The feminist critic may bring to light aspects of a text formerly unacknowledged or misunderstood as a result of the male-dominated critical tradition.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /instruct/cinichol/271/FeministCriticism.htm (831 words)

	Feminist Readings
		These early feminist critics set out to demonstrate that the male experience as reader, writer, and critic is different from, and sometimes alien to, the female experience.
		Much of feminist criticism has focused on either biographical criticism of rediscovering female authors or on the establishment of an alternative historical criticism that ties literary events to feminist social concerns as well as to male ones.
		Feminist literary criticism should be of particular concern to those who work with youth literature because this is a form of literature through which predominately female authors, editors, teachers, librarians, and parents share cultural values with young readers.
	www.scils.rutgers.edu /~kvander/Feminist/femread.html (1307 words)

	glbtq >> literature >> Feminist Literary Theory
		Feminist literary theory is a complex, dynamic area of study that draws from a wide range of critical theories, including psychoanalysis, Marxism, cultural materialism, anthropology, and structuralism.
		Although feminist literary theory is often described simply as the use of feminist principles and techniques to analyze the textual constructions of gendered meaning, feminists' definitions of gender and of feminism have undergone a number of significant alterations since the early 1970s.
		Like feminism, which critically analyzes and attempts to transform contemporary social systems, feminist literary theory entails a twofold movement encompassing both the critique of already existing sociolinguistic structures and the invention of alternative models of reading and writing.
	www.glbtq.com /literature/feminist_lit_theory.html (648 words)

	Feminist literary criticism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Feminist literary criticism is literary criticism informed by feminist theory, or by the politics of feminism more broadly.
		In the most general and simple terms, feminist literary criticism before the 1970s -- in the first and second waves of feminism -- was concerned with the politics of women's authorship and the representation of women's condition within literature.
		Since the arrival of more complex conceptions of gender and subjectivity and third-wave feminism, feminist literary criticism has taken a variety of new routes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Feminist_literary_criticism (280 words)

	types of literary criticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Here the focus is on society as a whole, and critics assess the social factors at work in a poem, which may be everything from the attitudes a writer inherits from his social background to the markets which supported his literary efforts.
		The latter was one hope of radical theory, which undercut the varied and apparently successful criticism of the nineteen fifties and sixties by adopting the approaches of philosophy and science.
		Literary guides are replete with examples, and argument is often puerile — the dismissive sneer, the appeal to the knowledgeable, right-thinking majority, the comparison of a poor poem by the despise author with a good one by the favoured.
	www.textetc.com /criticism.html (3916 words)

	virtuaLit Fiction: Critical Approaches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Feminist criticism became a dominant force in Western literary studies in the late 1970s, when feminist theory more broadly conceived was applied to linguistic and literary matters.
		Subsequent French feminist critics writing during the 1970s acknowledged Beauvoir’s critique but focused on language as a tool of male domination, analyzing the ways in which it represents the world from the male point of view and arguing for the development of a feminine language and writing.
		Feminists of color, Third World (preferably called postcolonial) feminists, and lesbian feminists have stressed that women are not defined solely by the fact that they are female; other attributes (such as religion, class, and sexual orientation) are also important, making the problems and goals of one group of women different from those of another.
	bcs.bedfordstmartins.com /virtualit/fiction/critical.asp?e=2 (469 words)

	East and Western Feminist Literary Criticism: A Comparison
		Chinese feminist writings mainly put the woman's fate into a cultural environment of family and society, the marked point of which is not necessarily the individual consciousness of the heroine, but the collective consciousness which represents women's fate of the particular time and place.
		Chinese feminist literary criticism tends to value works from the angle of historical source, collective generalisation and social influence, instead of exploring the relation between female characterisation and female discourse from the angle of female body politics and desire-satisfaction, which French feminist critical theory has practised.
		American feminist literary critics like to express unique personal opinions by debating in small groups, while Chinese critics prefer to act independently and unilaterally (most Chinese female writers and critics still don't admit they are feminists), though their opinions are quite identical.
	www.international-relations.com /cm3-2/Feminismweb.html (3899 words)

	Definitions of Feminist Literary Criticism
		From Jennifer: "The early feminist literary critics (in the 1960's and 70's) argued that men and women had different points of view about literature, and that what had been considered as neutral about literature was really the male point of view."
		So, here goes: Feminist literary criticism is about the search for a literature that women can call their own but without segregating it to an extreme which would result in separatism.
		Feminist literary criticism encompasses not only female literary works but also male literary works, leaving men to be held accountable for their portrayal of women as well as men in their literary works."
	hubcap.clemson.edu /~sparks/flc/flitcrit.html (480 words)

	Feminist analysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Feminist analysis is the extension of feminism into theoretical, or philosophical, ground.
		It encompasses work done in a broad variety of disciplines, prominently including the approaches to women's roles and lives and feminist politics in anthropology and sociology, economics, women's and gender studies, Literary criticism, and philosophy (especially Continental philosophy).
		The goals of feminist legal theory as defined by leading theorist Claire Dalton, consist of understanding and exploring the female experience, figuring out how law and institutions oppose females, and figuring out what changes can be committed to.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Feminist_analysis (706 words)

	Literary Criticism Study Guide
		New Critics refer to the historical / biographical critic's belief that the meaning or value of a work may be determined by the author's intention as "the intentional fallacy." They believe that this approach tends to reduce art to the level of biography and make it relative (to the times) rather than universal.
		Psychological critics might see Samson's bondage as a symbol of his sexual impotency, and his destruction of the Philistine temple and the killing of himself and many others as a final orgasmic event (since death and sex are often closely associated in Freudian psychology).
		Feminist turn literary criticism into a political battlefield and overlook the merits of works they consider "patriarchal." When arguing for a distinct feminine writing style, they tend to relegate women's literature to a ghetto status; this in turn prevents female literature from being naturally included in the literary cannon.
	www.literatureclassics.com /ancientpaths/litcrit.html (4347 words)

	Feminist literary criticism Summary
		In the following essay, Boose traces the evolution of feminist criticism in Shakespeare studies from the mid-1970s to the present, particularly regarding the treatment of marriage, sex, and family.
		Discusses the feminist suggestion that women construct their identities in accordance with the female stereotypes that are presented to them in newspapers, magazines, television programmes, films and popular literature.
		Feminist criticism of the late 1960s could be classified into two divisions; The Anglo Americans who emphasized on recovering, reprinting and revaluating the work; and the French emphasis upon the feminists' literary language.
	www.bookrags.com /Feminist_literary_criticism (345 words)

	Literary Criticism and Gender
		Starting from personal experiences of feminist critics, it focuses at first on general problems of definition and methodology, and the status of the discipline itself.
		Far-reaching demands of feminist critics for revision of the canon, and a new concept of literary history which would not exclude women have been presented.
		The rise of feminist literary criticism is followed along the two main lines of its development, Anglo-American and French feminist thought, with the concepts of gynocritisicm and l’é criture fé minine as the central ones.
	www.ceu.hu /crc/Syllabi/97-98/Gender/lukic.html (1679 words)

	Feminism Feminist Women Criticism - Feminist Literary Criticism
		As a pragmatic critical endeavor, most forms of Feminist literary criticism share a fundamental assumption that the historical subjugation of women has definite and deleterious effects upon both women and men.
		The critical project of Feminist critics is thus concerned with "uncovering the contingencies of gender" as a cultural, social, and political construct and instrument of domination (Jehlen 265).
		Gender is one of a number of salient critical terms long neglected, "an additional lens, or a way of lifting the curtain to an unseen recess of the self and society" (Jehlen 265).
	www.123helpme.com /view.asp?id=10360 (546 words)

	Literary Criticism: Glossary, Shakespeare, Contemporary, Theory - LibrarySpot.com Feature
		Studying literary criticism can be a great way to learn more about an author or delve deeper into a work.
		Literary criticism describes, analyzes or interprets a literary work, usually in essay form.
		Use their search engine to look for criticism on the work or author you are studying.
	www.libraryspot.com /features/litcritfeature.htm (467 words)

	Feminist Criticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		literary criticism, arising in conjunction with sociopolitical feminism, critiques patriarchal language and literature by exposing how these reflect masculine ideology.
		Feminist criticism concern itself with stereotypical representations of genders.
		It also may trace the history of relatively unknown or undervalued women writers, potentially earning them their rightful place within the literary canon, and helps create a climate in which women's creativity may be fully realized and appreciated.
	www.wsu.edu /~delahoyd/feminist.crit.html (323 words)

	Articles and Research Guides
		Some feminist critics seek to interpret the works of male authors, with particular attention to women characters, in order to explore the moral, political and social restrictions women traditionally faced.
		Other feminist critics choose to analyze the works of women authors that have been previously overlooked by male critics.
		Subject headings to search are : feminist literary criticism, feminist criticism, feminism and literature, women authors, women in literature, English literature - women authors - history and criticism, American literature - women authors - history and criticism, women - psychology, women, sex role in literature, silence in literature, identity in literature and androgyny in literature.
	www.nypl.org /branch/features/index2.cfm?PFID=185 (539 words)

	Literary Criticism and Theory
		The databases are Contemporary Literary Criticism, Project Muse, World Shakespeare Bibliography, Biography Resource Center, MLA International Bibliography, and the Database of Award-Winning Children's Literature.
		After you have become familiar with the terms and concepts of literary criticism by reviewing the books and web guides you are now more prepared to start your research.
		To search for critical essays or journal articles on databases use subject headings or keywords with the terminology that is specific to the theory/criticism you are studying.
	www.lesley.edu /library/guides/research/litcrit.html (534 words)

	Subject Guides - Literary Criticism
		Gale's Literary Index is a master index to the major literature such as Contemporary Literary Criticism, Dictionary of Literary Biography, and Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism.
		This database includes all the literary works, reviewed critical analyses and brief plot summaries that are included in MagillOnLiterature, as well as all the biographies and author essays included in MagillOnAuthors.
		Critical Temper ; a Survey of Modern Criticism on English and American Literature from the Beginnings to the Twentieth Century.
	www.umsl.edu /services/tjl/sguides/literary_criticism.html (592 words)

	Overview--Feminist
		The Socio-Political Approach of what is sometimes termed the British school of feminist criticism focuses on a neo-Marxist exposé of the patriarchy as reflected in the delimited lives and destinies of female characters in literature.
		This type of critical discourse often takes an explicitly and aggressively ideological stance, stressing the important contribution of literature and literary criticism to a radical, even revolutionary reformation of culture.
		The Feminist Stage (1880-1920): women are historically enabled to reject the accommodating postures of femininity and to use literature to dramatize the ordeals of wronged womanhood.
	www.calstatela.edu /faculty/jgarret/441/ovr-fem.htm (914 words)

	English_826_Syllabus
		To introduce students to the broad range of critical and theoretical perspectives represented in feminist criticism in the last thirty years, providing both some sense of the development of discussions in the field and of current debates in the field.
		Choose, from work we have done thus far in the course, a critic or critical approach which you will apply as your first approach to your text.
		Students are expected to contribute regularly to the discussion in class and to listen respectfully to each other and to comment constructively on the work of their peers.
	www.users.drew.edu /~wkolmar/feminist_criticism/Syllabus.htm (1042 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 2005034535 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Feminist literary theory has deliberately transgressed traditional boundaries between literature, philosophy and the social sciences in order to understand how gender has been constructed and represented through language.
		Some of the essays demonstrate feminist critical principles at work in analysing texts, while others take a step back to trace the development of a particular feminist literary method.
		This is the most accessible guide available both for students of literature new to this developing field, and for students of gender studies and readers interested in the interactions of feminism, literary criticism and literature.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/enhancements/fy0632/2005034535-d.html (204 words)

	Feminist Literary Criticism and Theory
		Feminist Criticism of American Women Poets: An Annotated Bibliography, 1975-1993.
		Feminist Readings in Middle English Literature: The Wife of Bath and All Her Sect.
		Meese, Elizabeth A. Crossing the Double-Cross: The Practice of Feminist Criticism.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /feminism/lit.html (894 words)

	IU Research and Creative Activity Magazine
		In the book, the co-authors defined a distinctive female literary tradition and recovered, as they say in the preface, "not only a major (and neglected) female literature but a whole (neglected) female history." Madwoman, with its now-classic first sentence comparing pen and penis, was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize.
		For feminist critics, "it was a very contentious stage," she says.
		In 2006, the first two of these feminist "ailments" have subsided--"we are finding ways to deal with gender and race, gender and sexuality, gender and nationality, etc., in ways that are much more nuanced and historicized," Gubar says.
	www.iu.edu /~rcapub/v29n1/inside.shtml (2394 words)

	LITERARY CRITICISM
		Links to Critical/Theoretical Approaches: New Criticism A literary movement that started in the late 1920s and 1930s and originated in reaction to traditional criticism that new critics saw as largely concerned with matters extraneous to the text, e.g., with the biography or psychology of the author or the work's relationship to literary history
		Marxist literary criticism may be thought of as a reaction to many of the rigid theories of the New Critics
		The purpose of literary criticism, in his view, was 'to know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by in its turn making this known, to create a current of true and fresh ideas', and he has influenced a whole school of critics including new critics such as T
	digilander.libero.it /kyfaq/literary_criticism.html (1601 words)

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