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Topic: Femur

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	II. Osteology. 6c. 3. The Femur. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The other two borders of the femur are only slightly marked: the lateral border extends from the antero-inferior angle of the greater trochanter to the anterior extremity of the lateral condyle; the medial border from the intertrochanteric line, at a point opposite the lesser trochanter, to the anterior extremity of the medial condyle.
		When, however, the femur is in its natural oblique position the lower surfaces of the two condyles lie practically in the same horizontal plane.
		The trabeculæ of the upper femur, as shown in frontal sections, are arranged in two general systems, compressive and tensile, which correspond in position with the lines of maximum and minimum stresses in the femur determined by the mathematical analysis of the femur as a mechanical structure.
	www.bartleby.com /107/59.html (5194 words)

	Femur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The femur consists of a head and a neck proximally, a diaphysis (or shaft), and two condyles (medial and lateral) distally.
		Posteriorly the gluteal tuberosity is a rough surface that gluteus maximus attaches to.
		Femur fractures, on occasion, are liable to cause permanent disability because the thigh muscles pull the fragments so they overlap, and the fragments re-unite incorrectly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Femur (511 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Brightfield Gallery - Mammalian Femur
		Of the long bones of the mammalian body, the femur or thighbone is the longest, extending from the hip socket to the knee.
		When the human femur is accidentally broken, the most common treatment involves the application of traction, in which a weight is utilized to place tension on the broken bone to maintain its alignment during healing.
		The gigantic femur of the extinct dinosaur, Tyrannosaurus rex, is estimated to have had a strength indicator of "only" 7.5 to 9 square meters per giganewton, where a giganewton is the force needed to move 112,000 tons one meter.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/brightfield/mammalfemur1.html (304 words)

	Unit VII
		On the posterior aspect of the distal femur is the intercondylar fossa.
		The tibia is the larger of the two bones and articulates with the femur to form the primary component of the knee joint.
		The Q angle is the angular measurement between the line of the thigh as is passes down from the hip to the knee and the angle of the lower leg passing down through the midline of the tibia.
	www.courses.vcu.edu /DANC291-003/unit_7.htm (3716 words)

	Femur
		The thigh is the region of the femur.
		The femur is a long bone whose axis of movement is well outside of its substance for most of its length.
		Even the relative valgus of the tibia to the femur is not unlike the "carrying angle" of the ulna to the humerus.
	www.pediatric-orthopedics.com /Topics/Bones/Femur/femur.html (633 words)

	Femur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The "femur" is the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body.
		The upper end is rounded into a ball (or "head" of the femur) that fits into a socket in the pelvis to form the hip joint.
		The neck of the femur gives the hip joint a wide range of movement, but it is a point of weakness and a common site of fracture.
	www.innerbody.com /text/skel25.html (144 words)

	BioMedical Engineering OnLine \| Full text \| Compression or tension? The stress distribution in the proximal femur
		Consequences of this model are that it predicts a state of zero stress along the front and rear of the femur, a bending moment which must be resisted by the knee joint, and a large downwards deflection of the femoral head [2].
		This model of the femur was adapted by Pauwels [3] by including an abductor muscle force to analyse, in the coronal plane, the one-legged stance phase during gait.
		The geometry of the proximal femur was taken as the average shape derived from a series of anterior-posterior radiographs of healthy women [25].
	www.biomedical-engineering-online.com /content/5/1/12 (4138 words)

	Femoral Shaft Fracture Menu - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Injuries to the knee ligaments with fractures of the femur.
		Fractures of the femur treated by intramedullary nailing using the fluted rod.
		Reconstruction of skeletal defects in the femur with 'two-strut' free vascularized fibular grafts.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/femoral_shaft_fracture (641 words)

	Femur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The femur is the longest bone likely to be broken by repeatedly jumping off of a bell frame for 35 years.
		Femur fractures are perhaps the most horrifying fracture the eye can see.
		Although it used to be customary to treat femur fractures via traction, it has become evident that it is preferable for the leg to bear weight as soon as possible.
	www.cathedral.org /wrs/quilla/femur.htm (1198 words)

	Femur 1
		This image shows the proximal ends of the femurs (indicated by red arrows) as they are attached to the coxal bones of the pelvic girdle.
		The ball (the head of the femur) articulates in the socket (the acetabulum) of the coxal bone.
		The neck of the femur separates the head from the large, rough greater trochanter.
	bioweb.uwlax.edu /aplab/Table_of_Contents/Lab_04/Femur_1/femur_1.html (240 words)

	Sports Medicine Advisor 2005.4: Femur Fracture
		Femur fractures, except for stress fractures, are caused by events that involve a lot of force.
		Because the femur is a very large bone it takes a lot of force to cause a fracture.
		Examples of accidents that might break the femur are falling from a height or having a high-speed collision, such as while skiing or snowmobiling.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/sma/sma_femurfra_sma.htm (901 words)

	PATELLA (CHONDROMALACIA)
		The knee joint is composed of three bones - the femur (or thigh bone), the tibia (or shin bone), and the patella (or kneecap).
		The parts of the knee joint are subdivided into the tibio-femoral joint which refers to the joint space between the tibia and the femur; and the patello-femoral joint which is the joint space between the patella and the femur.
		As the knee moves, the patella glides across the front of the knee joint in a shallow groove on the front of the femur which is known as the trochlear groove of the femur.
	www.arthroscopy.com /sp05032.htm (1099 words)

	Chapter 30 On the Femur
		Everyone whose femur is changed from its original shape and made straighter than is useful for a human, is rendered uneven and lame in the knee.
		Deservedly, therefore, the overall shape of the femur is curved and convex in its exterior [lateral] region and slightly concave in the interior [medial].
		To an equal and still greater degree, the posterior part of the femur appears flat and concave and its anterior convex, because this course of the femur is well suited to seated positions and to the many tasks we undertake while sitting, when for example we put one femur upon the other.
	vesalius.northwestern.edu /chapters/FA.1.30.html (2913 words)

	VRO
		The hip joint is of two halves, the pelvic socket and the ball of the femur.
		Even if the femur neck angle is proper, a steeper varus angle causes muscles to pull less vertically toward the socket top edge but rather more horizontally toward the socket center.
		The disadvantage is that this femur surgery shortens the leg, makes it strangely wide at the hip, and causes the leg to track oddly between sitting posture to standing.
	www.pediatric-orthopedics.com /Treatments/Hips/VRO/vro.html (476 words)

	Orthoseek \| Orthopedic Topics \| (Legg-Calve) Perthes' Disease
		It is characterized by loss of circulation to the head of the femur (the ball of the hip) in a growing child resulting in avascular necrosis (death of bone cells in the head of the femur).
		During the period of revascularization, the bone is soft and liable to fracture under pressure, causing collapse of the head of the femur.
		We know that in cases of fracture of the neck of the femur where the circulation to the head is cut off, the head of the femur undergoes avascular necrosis, changes similar to those seen in Perthes’ disease.
	www.orthoseek.com /articles/perthes.html (1161 words)

	Fetal femur length (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The measurement is also consider inaccurate when the femur image is at an angle of over 30 degrees to the horizontal.
		There is no evidence to suggest that the length of the femur does not shrink as much as the diameter of the head in case of fetal growth retardation.
		Remember the lateral surface of the femur is always straight and the medial surface is always curved.
	www.ob-ultrasound.net /xfl.html (227 words)

	Pediatric Femur Fractures - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Residual bone-mineral density and muscle strength after fractures of the tibia or femur in children.
		Ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia in children and adolescents.
		Fractures of the head and neck of the femur in children.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/pediatric_femur_fractures (818 words)

	Planning and evaluation of reorienting osteotomies of the proximal femur in cases of SCFE using virtual ...
		To hold the femur in the acetabulum, we simulate a force to the femur towards the acetabulum.
		The portion of the femur that is distal to the intertrochanteral cut is shown in a darker shade.
		The proximal femur was repositioned by 20° of flexion, 25° of derotation and 5° of adduction.
	splweb.bwh.harvard.edu:8000 /pages/papers/jens/MICCAI98/hipsim.html (2862 words)

	What Is Hip Replacement? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In THR, the head of the femur (the bone that extends from the hip to the knee) is removed along with the surface layer of the socket in the pelvis (the two large bones that rest on the lower limbs and support the spinal column).
		The head of the femur, which is situated within the pelvis socket, is replaced with a metal ball and stem.
		The head of the femur or "ball" of the hip joint articulates or moves within the cup-like "socket" called the acetabulum of the pelvic bone.
	www.ehealthmd.com /library/totalhipreplacement/THR_whatis.html (563 words)

	femur
		The femur is described as having a proximal end or head, the middle portion or shaft (diaphysis), and a distal portion.
		The head of the femur narrows as it approaches the shaft; this part is called the neck.
		On the distal end, it is found where the femur articulates with the tibia and with the patella, (as opposed to the coxal bone on the proximal end).
	www.uchsc.edu /sm/chs/ngi/assets/asset_femur.html (1486 words)

	Fractures of the Proximal Femur (hip)
		Fractures of the hip include fractures of the proximal femur and pelvic ring and may be classified as pathologic or nonpathologic.
		Subtrochanteric fractures occur between the lesser trochanter and the isthmus of the diaphysis of the femur (Figure 1).
		Broken necks of the femur in a psychogeriatric hospital.
	www.orthoassociates.com /hipfx.htm (4432 words)

	Femur
		The femur consists of a head and a neck proximally, a diaphysis (or shaft), and two condyles distally.
		It articulates with the acetabulum, the articular cup on the pelvis (hipbone), superiorly, and with the tibia and patella inferiorly.
		Without a traction splint, a femur fracture is 80% fatal.
	www.mrsci.com /Lower-Limb-Anatomy/Femur.php (252 words)

	Head of Femur Interview - One on One
		Head of Femur, hailing from Chicago (by way of Nebraska), have put their stamp on the music scene with their inventive and bold music.
		Head of Femur: When the record industry dumped the rich vinyl format in favor of little pieces of digitally encoded tin, they played into the hand of technological trendiness, and now they're paying the price: millions of MP3s, swarming around the record industry like locusts.
		Head of Femur: Being able to live comfortably near one of the nation's urban centers on a secret wooded compound where we work on music and entertain friends and loved ones.
	www.concertlivewire.com /interviews/femur.htm (1204 words)

	Bone mineral and geometric changes through the femur with immobilization due to spinal cord injury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Proximal femur bone mass was measured by standard methodology, which involves placement of a 15-mm region of interest on the femoral neck.
		An explanation for this discrepancy is that the greater bone loss in the distal femur may represent a greater degree of unloading of the knee than of the hip: that is, the proximal femur may be somewhat protected by residual loading by the upper body during wheelchair sitting.
		Skeletal adaptation to disuse: longitudinal and cross-sectional study of the response of the femur and spine to immobilization (paralysis).
	www.vard.org /jour/00/37/2/kiratli.htm (4716 words)

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