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Topic: Fenian raids

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	Fenian raids - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This Fenian raid occurred in April, 1866, at Campobello Island.
		This Fenian raid occurred in July, 1866, at Pigeon Hill.
		This Fenian raid occurred in Manitoba during 1871.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fenian_raids (1459 words)

	Loyal Orange Lodge No'5 \| Keeping the Faith Well and Alive in Canada No Surrender!
		The Fenians had made little attempt at secrecy, and both American and British authorities were aware of the imminent military operation.
		O'Neill spent the first day trying to rally the local citizenry to the Fenian cause and to commandeer supplies for his mission, but his force was plagued by desertions almost from the outset.
		Fenian units involved in the battle were the 7th Buffalo (NY), 18th Ohio, 13th Tennessee, and 17th Kentucky Fenian Regiments, and an independent Company from Indiana.
	www.freewebs.com /bramptonlol5/fenianraids.htm (500 words)

	The Fenian Invasions
		Fenians retreated to Fort Erie where they were engaged by another Canadian militia force under the command of John Stoughton Dennis.
		O'Neill and the Fenians had already escaped back across the border to the US where they were given a hero's welcome.
		Speculation suggests that the Fenian raids are responsible for the creation of Canada as a country, however it is certain that the stirrings of confederation can be traced back to the time of the Fenian raids.
	www.mysteriesofcanada.com /Military/fenian_invasions.htm (749 words)

	Fenian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ultimate goal of the Fenian raids was to hold Canada hostage and therefore be in a position to ask England to give Ireland its independence.
		However, a suspected Fenian, Patrick Whelan was hanged in Ottawa for the murder of Irish-Canadian nationalist, D'Arcy McGee in 1868.
		"Fenian scum" was also one of the insults shouted at the parents of Catholic schoolgirls by Loyalist protesters in the Holy Cross dispute.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fenian (851 words)

	The Fenian Raids
		A force of 1,000 Fenians led by Bernard Doran Killian entered New Brunswick from Calais and Eastport, Maine, to seize the island of Campobello.
		All battles ceased and 5,166 Fenian troops were paroled in Buffalo by the 15th of June 1866.
		The Fenians had been used as a pawn by the American government and had terribly underestimated the strength of the British (Canadian) forces.
	www.doyle.com.au /fenian_raids.htm (1812 words)

	The Fenians - Key Terms - Canadian Confederation
		Fenian raids began in April 1866 with an attack at Campobello Island, New Brunswick.
		When other Fenian troops failed to cross into Canada, O'Neill's retreat led to the arrest of hundreds of his soldiers, many of whom were put on trial in Toronto.
		The assassination of Thomas D'Arcy McGee at Ottawa in 1868 generally is attributed to Fenian motives, but by then the movement had already influenced the course of Canadian history.
	www.collectionscanada.ca /confederation/023001-2999-e.html (251 words)

	The Last Invasion of Canada: The Fenian Raids, 1866-1870. by W.S. Neidhardt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This raid along the Maine/ New Brunswick border in the early spring of 1866 was - from a military viewpoint - almost farcical.
		While the Fenians did actually launch another raid on Canadian territory a few days after Ridgeway, their invasion of the Eastern Townships and the subsequent hostilities at Pigeon Hill were not the stuff of which great military battles are made.
		The Fenian connection with Canadian history finally ended in October 1871 when William O'Donoghue, a former member of Louis Riel's provisional government, persuaded John O'Neill to lead a handful of Fenians in a raid across the North Dakota/Manitoba border.
	www.utpjournals.com /product/chr/734/invasion14.html (818 words)

	Sources of Montreal-W
		The Fenian was mounted on a handsome horse, and was rather of a gentlemanly and refined appearance.
		Later on, informarion was received that the intended raid would not be made at the place indicated, but that all the Fenians were concentrating at Malone, a town on the north side of the State of New York and near to the frontier, and that they intended making a raid on St. Armand and Frelighsburg.
		All along the frontier at Cook's Comers, the Fenians had scattered their arms and ammunition in their hurry, and it is supposed on good authority that over a thousand men were at this time either on Canadian soil or near it in the frontier.
	www.rootsweb.com /~qcmtl-w/FenianRaids.htm (1999 words)

	Fenian movement. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		It was known variously as the Fenian Brotherhood, Fenian Society, Irish Republican Brotherhood, and Irish-American Brotherhood.
		The long-range effect of the Fenian movement was to draw the attention of the English Parliament to Irish problems.
		The Fenian movement continued until World War I, but its influence was largely drawn off into new organizations, notably Sinn Féin, founded by Arthur Griffith, a former Fenian.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fe/Fenianmo.html (565 words)

	Fenian Raids
		Fenian Soldier Fenianism was the name given to the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB).
		The Fenian Raid and Battle of Ridgeway June 1-3, 1866...
		Fenian Raids The Olive Tree Genealogy is dedicated to bringing you primary sources such as passenger lists, muster rolls, church records and more...
	www.computerrecovery.us /Data/Fenian-Raids.html (197 words)

	Lincoln and Welland Regimental Museum
		One result of the raids was a reorganization, and the 19th and 20th Battalions became the 19th "Lincoln" Battalion and the 44th "Lincoln and Welland" Battalion.
		Fenians retreated to Fort Erie where they were engaged by another Canadian milita force under the command of John Stoughton Dennis.
		The Fenians are suspected of being the assasins.
	www.lwmuseum.ca /page03/index.html (837 words)

	THE FENIAN RAIDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The medal was awarded to members of the Imperial and Canadian forces who had taken part in the suppression of the Fenian raids and Riel's first rebellion, the latter being generally referred to as the Red River expedition.
		Fenian Raid (1866) - Fenians is the name of the old Irish National Militia.
		The Fenians defeated a unit of the Canadian Militia at Ridgeway, but withdrew to the USA when a stronger force was sent to the area.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~dimcl/medal.html (367 words)

	PAPER 1
		One of the reasons for the Fenian Movement was the emigration that seemed to sweep the citizens.
		Many Fenians who at first were upset by their men joining in Civil War forces began to “praise the Civil War as a training ground for the upcoming battle in Ireland” (“Brief History”).
		The main cause of the Fenian Movement was not in their leaders, or their oppressors.
	campus.udayton.edu /~compfun/ENG102/2004/LeslieV/paper_1.htm (1706 words)

	History Behind The Irish Fenian Bond : Elusive Spondulix
		While O'Donovan Rossa and James Stephens led the Fenians in Ireland, John O'Mahoney headed up the American contingent, raising funds with the issuance and sale of Fenian bonds which would have been redeemed upon the success of a military rising against occupying English forces in Ireland.
		Fenian plans eventually led to an invasion of Canada in an effort to weaken the British Empire.
		Yet only 4,000 of the 30,000 Fenians were armed, leading to their defeat at the hands of their English military oppressors.
	www.rarecoin.com /library/fenian.html (343 words)

	Fenian Raids
		The Fenian threat from south of the border in the mid 1860s was not trivial.
		June 2 1866 in the field at Fenian Raid at Fort Erie and Port Colborne one and one half months." His land grant was for the south half of lot 8, Concession 6, Bowman Township.
		Today the medals were presented to the surviving veterans of the Fenian Raid in the Mammoth Hall of Malvern...
	www.beamccowan.com /fenian.htm (627 words)

	HISTORY OF THE TORONTO POLICE PART 3-A: FENIAN THREAT
		Many of the Fenians were recently demobilized battle-hardened Civil War veterans who had purchased back from the US government their war-issue weapons at post-war surplus prices.
		It has been said that the Fenian raids into Canada are one of the points where Irish, American and Canadian history meet.
		If indeed it is Fenians he is referring to, then Prince is ahead of the future invaders in their strategic thinking by a minimum of two months—at least by the reckoning of some historians who claim the Fenians first began to vaguely discuss the notion of invading Canada only in January 1865.
	www.russianbooks.org /crime/cph5a.htm (8856 words)

	Circa 1865-1871: Irish Revolutionary Brotherhood Attacks Canada
		Fenians retreated to Fort Eerie where they were engaged by another Canadian milita force under the command of John Stoughton Dennis.
		The Fenians are suspected of being the assassins.
		Speculation suggests that the Fenian raids were actually responsible for the creation of Canada as a country when the USA tried to hold us hostage for Irish freedom.
	www.canadianculture.com /geezer/jack72.html (1853 words)

	The Fenian Raids
		The Fenians met no soldiers, so they busied themselves by stealing chickens, pigs, or liquor from farms in the area.
		On hearing that Canadian reinforcements were approaching, the Fenians began a disorganized retreat to the U.S. The last 200 stragglers were charged by a volunteer cavalry troop who managed to capture sixteen prisoners.
		Another raid occurred in 1870 at Eccles Hill (not far from Pigeon Hill), when 400 Fenians under the command of "General" John O'Neill, President of the Fenian Brotherhood, were repulsed by a much smaller group of Canadian home-guard and militiamen who were waiting there to meet them.
	www.townshipsheritage.com /Eng/Hist/Military/fenian.html (340 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Military History \| Fenian Raids: Invasions of British-ruled Canada
		While the IRB's original ambitions were limited to Ireland itself, a militant Fenian faction, led by William Roberts, advocated extending the war of liberation to British North America, an idea that gained popularity after the IRB leadership in Ireland was infiltrated and most of its leadership, including Stephens, was captured in September 1865.
		The Fenian hierarchy had established a centralized command structure and a clandestine system of logistics, which was financed by donations from Irish-American communities.
		After that incident, the Fenian threat must have seemed considerably less formidable on the northern side of the border, but with O'Mahony discredited, Roberts was in fact left in a better position to organize the radical Fenians.
	www.historynet.com /magazines/military_history/3030166.html (1106 words)

	The American Civil War and Fenian Raids in the 1860s: Ontario During the American Civil War Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Confederate agents and escaped prisoners of war made their way to Toronto and Montreal and engaged in plots to attack the Federal authority from the north.This prompted demands for tighter security along the American side of the border, including the cancelling of the Reciprocity Treaty and the institution of passport controls on the border.
		As a veteran of the Fenian Raids, Henry Bull Wallis of Richmond Hill, Ontario received this ribbon for service in the militia at the Battle of Ridgeway, near Fort Erie, in 1866 and the medal below for service defending against another Fenian Raid in 1870.
		Long after the raids and border disturbances ended, the government sought to reward the men who had served on the militia.
	www.archives.gov.on.ca /ENGLISH/exhibits/fenians/civil_war_era.htm (916 words)

	Manitoba History: “The Storehouses of the Good God:” Aboriginal Peoples and Freshwater Fisheries in Manitoba
		The purpose of these “Fenian Raids” as they were called was not to overthrow the Canadian colonial governments, weak as they were, but to throw Canadian defenders off-balance and to engender some propaganda and Irish glory for the independence movement across the Atlantic.
		From the perspective of the Métis, the raid needs to be put into the context of the “Reign of Terror.” [77] This term refers to the period from the arrival of the Canadian troops in August 1870 to the declaration of the amnesty in 1875.
		In Fenian and Anglo-American Relations during Reconstruction, (Ithaca and London: 1969), Brian Jenkins focused on the diplomatic repercussions of the raid and dismissed the Manitoba episode with a brief reference to one of the prisoners (p.
	www.mhs.mb.ca /docs/mb_history/39/unequaljustice.shtml (12578 words)

	Fenian Raids Scrapbook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Fenian Raids were a result of the Irish-American movement.
		There was another raid in June of 1866 led by Roberts who defeated the militia at Ridgeway near Niagara.
		This item is a scrapbook of newspaper clippings describing the Fenian Raids made on the borders of Canada West, Canada East and the United States in 1866.
	www.trentu.ca /library/archives/70-1000.htm (290 words)

	Malone history: Fenian raid asides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Although Ireland is the home of a large number of Catholics, the Catholic Church refused to aid the Fenians and was opposed to the Fenian movement.
		Seized guns addressed to Dennis F. Mannix, and believed to be headed to Fenian Capt. Edward J. Mannix of Malone, were said to have been given to Capt. Mannix after the raids were over.
		In Gertrude Dudley’s research on the raids, she tells the story of a man named Clinton Cady, who lived on Park Street in Malone in 1924.
	www.pressrepublican.com /Archive/2002/07_2002/070320025a.htm (498 words)

	Loading and Firing the Snider Enfield Rifle of the British Army , 1867
		To do this, the Fenians devised a loose plan to in essence capture Canada and trade it for Ireland's freedom.
		In 1866 the Fenians made a number of raids along the border whcih sent the Canadian colonial government into to state of alarm.
		Once in North America the Snider Enfield saw extensive service in the Fenian Raids of 1870, the Red River Rebellion, and the North West Rebellion of 1885.
	www.militaryheritage.com /snider.htm (1187 words)

	oxha009.html
		They were members of the Fenian Brotherhood Society that from 1866 to 1870 made a series of raids into Canada.
		To over-simplify matters, the Fenian leaders believed that much of the English garrison in Canada was Irish, and would therefore not fight for England if the Fenians invaded Canada to free it from English rule and make it a republic.
		That no Fenian was punished was a clever move that worked to end the affair without any U.S. politician losing the Irish vote.
	www.execulink.com /~ocbogs/hist/oxhquiz/oxha009.html (435 words)

	The town’s timeline is a long, winding road (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Trout River is also remembered by historians for its strategic location during the Fenian Raids in 1866.
		The skirmish, which was to have taken place all along the international border, was meant to overrun and possess Canada and free Ireland from British oppression.
		A second attempt in 1870 was fought off by the Canadians, and the Fenian raiders retreated hastily through Trout River to Malone, most without fighting at all.
	www.pressrepublican.com /Archive/2005/03_2005/030420057.htm (441 words)

	Fenian.newsvine.com - Fenian
		The raids took place in Germany, Austria, Holland, Poland and the Czech Republic.
		The scientists, from Trinity College Dublin, have discovered that as many as one in twelve Irish men and three million worldwide could be descended from Niall of the Nine Hostages, a 5th-century warlord who was head of the most powerful dynasty in ancient Ireland.
		Fenian has not voted for any articles yet.
	fenian.newsvine.com (337 words)

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