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	Historic Naval Ships Visitors Guide - Fenian Ram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Fenian Ram is the second experimental submarine built by Irish-born inventor and educator John P. Holland.
		It was financed by the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish revolutionary movement in the United States that sought Ireland's independence from British rule.
		Fenian Ram was placed in Paterson's West Side Park in 1928 as a monument to the inventor.
	www.hnsa.org /ships/fenian.htm (217 words)

	Fenian Ram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The submarine Fenian Ram was designed by John Philip Holland for use by the Irish Republican Brotherhood against the British.
		The Ram was armed with a nine-inch pneumatic gun some eleven feet long, mounted along the boat's centerline and firing forward out of her bow.
		In 1916, Fenian Ram was exhibited in Madison Square Garden to raise funds for victims of the Easter Rising.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fenian_Ram (403 words)

	Fenian Brotherhood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fenian Brotherhood was an Irish nationalist organization based in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century.
		The Fenians under O'Neill's command crossed the Canadian frontier near Franklin, Vermont, but were dispersed by a single volley from Canadian volunteers; while O'Neill himself was promptly arrested by the United States authorities acting under the orders of President Ulysses S. Grant.
		In 1881, the submarine Fenian Ram, designed by John Philip Holland for use against the British, was launched by the Delamater Iron Company in New York.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood (1058 words)

	Fenian Brotherhood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Fenian units involved in the Buffalo crossing were the 7th Buffalo (NY), 18th Ohio, 13th Tennessee, and 17th Kentucky Fenian Regiments, and an independent Company from Indiana.
		There are a few references to the Fenian troops who crossed the Niagara River near Buffalo calling themselves the "Irish Republican Army" including a painting of the battle in the National Archives of Canada showing a green flag with the letters IRA over a gold harp.
		In 1879, John Devoy, a member of the Fenian Brotherhood, promoted a "new departure" in America, by which the "physical force party" allied itself with the "constitutional movement" under the political leadership of Charles Stewart Parnell, MP; and the political conspiracy of the Fenians was combined with the agrarian revolution inaugurated by the Land League.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/f/fe/fenian_brotherhood.html (2363 words)

	Fenian Ram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The submarine Fenian Ram was designed by John Philip Holland for use by the Fenian Brotherhood against the British.
		However, he was not making progress rapidly enough to suit his clients, and the Fenian Brotherhood stole the Ram in November 1883.
		In 1916, Fenian Ram was exhibited in Madison Square Garden to raise funds for victims of the Irish Uprising.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/f/fe/fenian_ram.html (382 words)

	Fenian Ram -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Ram was armed with a nine-inch (Click link for more info and facts about pneumatic gun) pneumatic gun some eleven feet long, mounted along the boat's centerline and firing forward out of her bow.
		However, he was not making progress rapidly enough to suit his clients, and the Fenian Brotherhood stole the Ram and the (Click link for more info and facts about Holland III) Holland III prototype in November 1883.
		In 1916, Fenian Ram was exhibited in (Click link for more info and facts about Madison Square Garden) Madison Square Garden to raise funds for victims of the (Click link for more info and facts about Easter Uprising) Easter Uprising.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fe/fenian_ram.htm (521 words)

	The Fenians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Fenian Ram was launched in 1881 and later stolen from John Holland in 1883 by the Fenians in a disagreement over money.
		It has been suggested that the threat of the Fenians was a major cause for the union of provinces into the confederation that became Canada.
		While the Fenian Brotherhoods did not actually achieve their goal of a Free Ireland, they did successfully pass the flame of liberty to the next generation.
	www.irishclans.com /articles/fenians.html (912 words)

	The Fenian Ram
		The Fenian Ram was launched in 1881 from the Delamater Iron Company in New York.
		In 1916, the Fenian Ram was taken to Madison Square Garden in New York City where she was exhibited in order to raise funds for victims of the Irish Uprising.
		The Fenian Ram remained in the park until the Paterson Museum moved into its present quarters at 2 Market Street in Paterson.
	www.geocities.com /gwmccue/Submarines/Holland_2.html (587 words)

	John Philip Holland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		He was born in, County Clare, Ireland and his brother Michael was active in the Fenian Brotherhood and introduced the inventor to the revolutionary group.
		Holland and the Fenians conceived a plan to develop a small submarine that could be sealifted on a large merchant ship to an area near an unsuspecting British warship.
		In 1881 Fenian Ram was launched, but soon after, Holland and the Fenians parted angrily.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/John_Philip_Holland (325 words)

	Military Trivia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Fenians intended to take over Canada and rename it "New Ireland." New Ireland, it was assumed, would then be used as a base to liberate old Ireland or as a bargaining chip for Eire.
		The Fenian Invasion began in April 1866 at Campobello Island, a disputed piece of land at the mouth of Saint Croix.
		The United States, concerned that the Fenians might get it involved in a new war with Britain, finally had to take notice of the raids and put an end to most of them (the last raid was in 1871).
	www.angelfire.com /tx4/bustersbattery/militrivia/MILITRIVIA34.html (428 words)

	Fenian Brotherhood : Fenians
		However, the Fenians never gained much hold on the tenant-farmers or agricultural labourers in Ireland, the movement was denounced by the Catholic Church.
		The Fenian Rising (1867)[?], a bold move on the part of the Fenian circles in Lancashire had been concerted in co-operation with the movement in Ireland.
		In 1879, John Devoy, a member of the Fenian Brotherhood, promoted a "new departure" in America, by which the "physical force party" allied itself with the "constitutional movement" under the leadership of C.S. Parnell[?]; and the political conspiracy of the Fenians was combined with the agrarian revolution inaugurated by the Land League.
	www.fastload.org /fe/Fenians.html (1482 words)

	Fenian - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Fenian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Fenian is a term used since the 1860s for an Irish nationalist who espouses violence, usually by people opposed to their aims.
		In 1865-66, following the US Civil War, Irish-Americans who were former soldiers of the Union Army launched raids into British North American territory in the Province of Canada in order to put pressure on the United Kingdom to leave Ireland.
		Fenian is also the name of the horse that won the Belmont Stakes in 1869.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Fenian.html (168 words)

	John Philip Holland Biography (1840-1914)
		The UnitedStates Navy rejected his plans in 1875, but the American Fenian Society, a group of Irish patriots who hoped to undermine England's naval power and gain independence for Ireland, commissioned Holland to build a submarine.
		Holland'sfirst model sank during testing, but the second model, the Fenian Ram, was successfully launched in 1881.
		A full-scale vessel, the Fenian Ram had many of the features we associate with modern submarines.
	www.madehow.com /inventorbios/82/John-Philip-Holland.html (507 words)

	Holland III - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Holland III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The 16-foot 1-ton model was a scaled-down version of the Fenian Ram intended for experiments to help him improve navigation.
		The Fenian Ram was tied to their boat, and the Holland III was tied to the Ram.
		The Fenians had been planning to use it to fight Britain for the independence of Ireland.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Holland-III.html (255 words)

	Irish Engineer - Submarine
		His first sub sank after someone forgot to install the screw plugs, but the Fenians were sufficiently impressed to vote further funding of a design "suitable for war".
		He soon built the Fenian Ram, which launched in 1881 and could reach speeds of nine mph surfaced and seven mph underwater.
		It was not until 1951 with the Albacore, that submarine design returned to the porpoise shape that John envisioned for his craft and then successfully managed to exceed the seven-knot underwater speed that the Holland and the Fenian Ram achieved over fifty years earlier.
	www.engology.com /articlesubmarine.htm (1001 words)

	John P Holland - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The physical force nationalism of the Fenians and the determined inventor combined in a project to build a submarine to use against the British Navy.
		The Fenian Ram, built at Delamater Iron Works, New York, was launched in May 1881.
		Although the Fenian Ram had marked an important stage in submarine development, the Fenians were no longer prepared to back Holland who severed all connections with the organization after that.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=148396 (1181 words)

	Irish Emigrant - Cormac MacConnell this week
		The only other Fenian Ram worthy of mention in the passage of history was a long ugly fl tomcat with one eye that was owned by a cousin of mine by the name of Mick McCaffery.
		Both Mick McCaffery and the Fenian Ram resided in the small Northern town of Brookeborough.
		And it happened that as The Princess Petronella passed by an imposingly weeping willow she was suddenly and totally ambushed by none other than The Fenian Ram, who had earlier been assisted over the estate's high stone wall by Mick McCaffery.
	www.emigrant.ie /cormac/9oct15.htm (1113 words)

	John Holland Father of the Modern Submarine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For his Fenian backers, he succeeded on 6 June in demonstrating a surface run at approximately 3-1/2 knots, submergence, an underwater transit at a depth of 12 feet, and a return to the surface.
		However, Holland’s steady progress in improving the Fenian Ram came to an abrupt halt in November 1883 as a result of bitter internal dissension in the Fenian Brotherhood over the Ram’s actual potential for harming the British and a consequent lawsuit over the expenditures of the Skirmishing Fund.
		The Fenian Ram’s new custodians attempted to operate the submarine in New Haven Harbor, but their ineptitude led the harbor master to declare the boat a menace to navigation, and additional trials were forbidden.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n87/usw/issue_19/holland2.htm (1203 words)

	Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia - - Fenian Ram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Work on his next project began shortly thereafter, and Fenian Ram, as it was dubbed by the New York Sun, was launched in 1881.
		One of the great deficiencies of the submarines of World War I and II was their poor speed under water.) Fenian Ram was taken to a depth of 60 feet in and around New York Harbor, and could remain submerged for as long as two and a half hours.
		Many objections were raised against her, especially by men who should have known better, but the trouble with them was almost the same as I encountered later among the staff officers of the navy, viz: they were, almost without exception, of English, Welsh, or Scotch descent, experienced in all kinds of shipbuilding.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_033900_fenianram.htm (484 words)

	Holland Submarine Exhibit, Fenian Ram and Submarine #1, Paterson Museum NJ
		The Fenian Ram is the first practical submarine, in that it was able to run on its own power using its 2 cylinder Brayton engine and dive and submerge successfully.
		At one point during the submarine's ongoing development there was a dispute about money with the Fenians, and late one night the Fenians stole the sub and towed it to Connecticut.
		The Fenians were never able to get it working themselves and Holland would not help them so from there it sat in a warehouse.
	www.williammaloney.com /Aviation/FenianRam (553 words)

	RAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Search the RAM Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the RAM Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named RAM at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/R/RAM.htm (73 words)

	Newshound: Daily Northern Ireland news catalog - Irish News article
		Meanwhile, John's brother Michael introduced him to the Fenian Movement and with their help he continued working on a submarine for use against the British Navy.
		Because of Fenian help Holland could devote more time to developing his midget submarine, which was called Fenian Ram.
		Despite this there was still scant recognition of Holland's contribution even though by 1951 submarine design returned to the shape of his prototype and reached the speed his Fenian Ram had reached 50 years previously.
	www.nuzhound.com /archive/goto.php?id=118957 (816 words)

	Fenian History
		It had its roots in both the United States and Ireland and was popularly known as The Fenian Movement, in honour of the Fianna, the ancient Irish warriors.
		The Fenian Ram was launched in 1881 and later stolen from John Holland in 1883 by the Fenians in a disagreement over money.
		While the Fenian Brotherhoods did not actually achieve their goal of a Free Ireland, they did successfully pass the flame of liberty to the next generation.
	www.fenians-nky.com /history.htm (865 words)

	John F. Holland father of submarines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		John P. Holland, shown in the hatch of one of his submarines, emigrated to America as a result of the Irish potato famine, resenting that Britain had done nothing to ease the famine.
		His second larger one was for a crew of three, that a newspaper reporter called the Fenian Ram.
		He built another similar to Fenian Ram but 53 ft 8 in long, and demonstrated it in the Patomac River for Adm. Dewey, Congressmen, reporters.
	www.yeaperson.com /Age3/subhist/Holland.html (160 words)

	This Month in Celtic History -- February 2001
		Instead it became a cat‘s paw in the factional infighting that beset the American Fenian movement in the mid-1880s.
		The Fenian Ram may be seen today on display in the Paterson Museum in New Jersey, along with an earlier one-man experimental craft built by Holland.
		Another one-man submarine of his was lost while being towed behind the Fenian Ram on the midnight cruise to New Haven, and is believed to rest somewhere beneath the footings of the Bronx Whitestone Bridge.
	www.celticleague.org /history_2-01.html (689 words)

	Submarine Pioneers-Page 3
		The Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish independence movement to which Holland's brother belonged, financed his work as a way to challenge British control of the seas.
		With Fenian funding, he built three submarines, Holland I, II (named Fenian Ram), and III.
		In November 1883, Fenians unhappy with Holland’s slow progress stole the Fenian Ram.
	www.navy.mil /navydata/cno/n87/history/pioneers3.html (2921 words)

	Leaning Towards the Dark Side: A little bit of New Jersey history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Holland I was financed by the Irish Fenian Brotherhood, who were intrigued by the possibility of using them against the Royal Navy.
		After a series of tests, Holland I was scuttled on the Passaic and the lessons learned were used to construct the Great Fenian Ram, which had a 15HP engine, reached a depth of 45 feet and successfully fired a pneumatic 9-inch gun underwater.
		After a falling out with the Fenians, John Holland designed the Holland VI, which used steam-electric propulsion and was armed with a torpedo.
	www.taintedbill.com /archives/001443.html (220 words)

	Untitled Document
		He submitted his submarine plan to the United States Navy, but the Secretary of the Navy called it a "fantastic scheme of a civilian landsman." Undaunted, Holland continued his efforts and in the late 1870's he was introduced to members of the Fenian Brotherhood who considered funding his designs.
		The Fenians were an Irish independence group that wanted to use Holland's submarines against British warships.
		Holland's Fenian Ram was launched in 1881 and reached surface speeds of nine mph and seven mph underwater.
	www.uissf.org /journal/johnholland.html (466 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - 'The Patriot's Sword': The Republic of Canada
		The Great War of Liberation as the 1866 Fenian Invasion of Canada later became known was both a success beyond the wildest dreams of it's instigators and an overall failure.
		In April 1866 an abortive raid by the Fenian Brotherhood (an Irish Nationalist organisation based in America and including a large number of Civil War veterans in its ranks) in Campobello Island, New Brunswick was thwarted by intervention from the American Goverment.
		John O'Mahony, that old Fenian of Fenian's and President of Canada since 1876 was the chief propent of this view.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=209993 (6219 words)

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