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Topic: Fentanyl

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	Fentanyl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic, first synthesized in Belgium in the late 1950s, with an analgesic potency of about 80 times that of morphine.
		Fentanyl is frequently given intrathecally as part of spinal anesthesia or epidurally for epidural anesthesia and analgesia.
		The biological effects of the fentanyls are indistinguishable from those of heroin, with the exception that the fentanyls may be hundreds of times more potent - in some places, it is sold as heroin, often leading to many overdoses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fentanyl (750 words)

	Drugs and Chemicals of Concern - Fentanyl (Trade Name: Actiq®, Duragesic®) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Fentanyl is used extensively as an anesthetic for out-patient operative procedures and is gaining popularity for use in pain management.
		Fentanyl pharmaceuticals are currently available in the dosage forms of oral transmucosal lozenges, commonly referred to as the fentanyl "lollipops" (Actiq®), transdermal patches (Duragesic®) and injectable formulations.
		Fentanyl citrate injections are administered intravenously or intramuscularly for potent narcotic analgesia.
	www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov /drugs_concern/fentanyl.htm (726 words)

	Fentanyl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Fentanyl is in category C of the pregnancy of the FDA.
		The topical remiendos of fentanyl are not approved for the use of the children youngest of 12 years of the age or by the children youngest of 18 years of the age that weigh less than 50 kilograms (110 pounds).
		Fentanyl topical can increase the effects of other drugs that cause somnolencia, including antidepressants, the alcohol, the antihistamine ones, the sedatives (used to treat insomnia), other mitigadores of the pain, medicines of the anxiety, and relajantes of the muscle.
	fentanyl.sonideros.net (1655 words)

	Fentanyl Patch
		Fentanyl is a narcotic, a member of the same group of drugs to which opium and morphine belong.
		Fentanyl is not felt to be a sedative in the cat but in the dog some sedation may be observed.
		Fentanyl should be used with caution in combination with medications that have sedating properties.
	www.marvistavet.com /html/body_fentanyl.html (603 words)

	Duragesic Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Fentanyl Transdermal - RxList Monographs
		Schedule II opioid substances which include fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, and oxymorphone have the highest potential for abuse and associated risk of fatal overdose due to respiratory depression.
		The high content of fentanyl in the patches (DURAGESIC®;) may be a particular target for abuse and diversion.
		Since the peak fentanyl levels occur between 24 and 72 hours of treatment, prescribers should be aware that serious or life threatening hypoventilation may occur, even in opioidtolerant patients, during the initial application period.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic2/fentanyl.htm (920 words)

	Fentanyl
		Fentanyl acts upon specific receptors in your brain and spinal cord to decrease the feeling of pain and to reduce your emotional response to pain.
		Fentanyl is often used when your other pain medicines no longer work, when you prefer a patch instead of a pill, or when you have difficulty swallowing.
		Fentanyl should be used with caution by older adults and by people who have lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma.
	www.webmd.com /hw/pain_management/tv7342.asp?src=RSS_BLOGGER (685 words)

	Dear Administrator - Fentanyl Alert
		Fentanyl is most often diverted by those healthcare professionals directly responsible for its administration and safeguarding.
		Fentanyl transdermal patches are often stolen from ward stocks or, in some instances, actually removed from the skin of patients.
		Each time a fentanyl patch is newly applied to a patient's skin, a pen or magic marker should be used to write the date, time, and initials of the medication nurse on the patch.
	www.health.state.ny.us /professionals/nursing_home_administrator/fentanyl_ltr.htm (713 words)

	fentanyl topical Information on Healthline
		Fentanyl topical patches are used to treat chronic pain that cannot be controlled by less potent pain relievers.
		Fentanyl is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether fentanyl will harm an unborn baby.
		Fentanyl topical patches are not approved for use by children younger than 12 years of age or by children younger than 18 years of age who weigh less than 50 kg (110 lbs).
	www.healthline.com /drugs/actiq-duragesic-sublimaze/D00233A1.htm (635 words)

	DEA Briefs & Background, Drugs and Drug Abuse, Drug Descriptions, Fentanyl
		First synthesized in Belgium in the late 1950s, fentanyl, with an analgesic potency of about 80 times that of morphine, was introduced into medical practice in the 1960s as an intravenous anesthetic under the trade name of Sublimaze®.
		Thereafter; two other fentanyl analogues were introduced; alfentanil (Alfenta®), an ultra-short (5-10 minutes) acting analgesic, and sufentanil (Sufenta®), an exceptionally potent analgesic (5 to 10 times more potent than fentanyl) for use in heart surgery.
		Duragesic®;, for example, is a fentanyl transdermal patch used in chronic pain management, and Actiq® is a solid formulation of fentanyl citrate on a stick that dissolves slowly in the mouth for transmucosal absorption.
	www.usdoj.gov /dea/concern/fentanyl.html (256 words)

	Fentanyl Transdermal System (marketed as Duragesic): Patient Information Sheet
		Fentanyl Transdermal System (skin patch) is a prescription medicine that is a federally controlled substance (CII) because it is a strong pain medicine that can be abused by people who abuse prescription medicines or street drugs.
		The fentanyl skin patch is only for patients with chronic (around the clock) pain that is moderate to severe and expected to last for weeks or longer.
		The fentanyl skin patch is only for opioid tolerant children 2 years of age or older who are already using other opioid narcotic pain medicines.
	www.fda.gov /cder/drug/InfoSheets/patient/fentanylPIS.htm (1220 words)

	Technorati Tag: fentanyl
		Fentanyl laced heroin has now reached Delaware: "In both cases the residue substances in packets found field-tested positive for cocaine," police...
		With a lethal mix of heroin and fentanyl killing dozens of people across the Midwest in just a few weeks, now would be a great time to "recall" the...
		Fentanyl overdose deaths were noticed in Detroit beginning last September -- totaling about 100 deaths, but it didn't become a "crisis" until recently...
	technorati.com /tag/fentanyl (369 words)

	Cats and Kittens Magazine Fentanyl Patch Information
		Although the fentanyl patch has not been approved for use with animals, veterinarians are free to employ any medication they believe to be in the best interest of their patients.
		Coincident with the small but growing use of fentanyl by veterinarians is a new study of the effects of the patch on cats.
		Fentanyl patches are currently available in four strengths (and sizes) that release either 25, 50, 75 and 100 micrograms of fentanyl per hour.
	www.petpublishing.com /catkit/articles/fentanyl.shtml (1840 words)

	Deaths Seen With Fentanyl Narcotic Pain Patch
		Fentanyl skin patches should not be used to treat short-term pain, pain that is not constant, or for pain after an operation.
		Fentanyl skin patches should only be used by patients who are already taking other narcotic painkillers and who have chronic pain that is not well controlled with shorter-acting painkillers.
		Patients who use the fentanyl skin patch should be aware of the signs of fentanyl overdose: trouble breathing or shallow breathing; tiredness, extreme sleepiness, or sedation; inability to think, talk, or walk normally; and feeling faint, dizzy, or confused.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/108/109047?src=rss_rxlist (455 words)

	Evelyn Pringle: Fentanyl Deaths - Severe Math Problems At FDA
		Describing fentanyl as a "very strong narcotic," on July 15, 2005, the FDA issued a Public Health Advisory regarding the safe use of transdermal fentanyl patches in response to reports of 120 deaths in patients using the patch for pain management, stating that some patients and doctors might not be fully aware of its dangers.
		Fentanyl gained international notoriety in 2002, when authorities in Moscow, ended a hostage crisis at a theater by pumping an aerosol version of drug into the building, intended to put the nearly 800 hostages and their captors to sleep.
		She was wearing two fentanyl pain patches and had 3 times the lethal dose in her body at the time of her death.
	www.sierratimes.com /06/03/29/70_224_203_111_77425.htm (2054 words)

	Duragesic - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest
		Fentanyl patches are commonly used to treat pain associated with cancer.
		Rarely, fentanyl may cause you to have hallucinations (to see things that are not really there) or cause your legs or arms to "jerk" or have spasms.
		Fentanyl patches can cause injury or death in adults and children who are not already taking fentanyl to relieve chronic pain.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,258\|Duragesic,00.html (1391 words)

	fentanyl transdermal system - Chronic Pain: health and medical information concerning chronic pain management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A 100 µg dose of fentanyl is approximately equal to 10 mg of morphine.
		Fentanyl stimulates receptors on nerves in the brain to increase the threshold to pain (the amount of discomfort that a person must feel in order to be considered painful) and reduce the perception of pain (the perceived importance of the pain).
		Fentanyl is available in transdermal (for application to the skin), transmucosal (for application to mucus membranes) and parenteral (injectable) forms.
	www.medicinenet.com /fentanyl_transdermal_system/article.htm (762 words)

	Fentanyl Transdermal System (marketed as Duragesic): Alert for Healthcare Professionals
		Fentanyl transdermal patches should not be used to treat short-term pain, pain that is not constant, or pain after an operation.
		Fentanyl transdermal patches should only be used by opiod tolerant patients who are already taking other narcotic analgesics, and who have chronic pain that is not well controlled with shorter-acting analgesics.
		Fentanyl transdermal patches should be stored in a safe place and kept out of the reach of children.
	www.fda.gov /cder/drug/InfoSheets/HCP/fentanylHCP.htm (621 words)

	Fentanyl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Fentanyl is used in surgery as a general anesthetic and is available in a patch form to treat severe, chronic
		Drinking alcoholic beverages while using fentanyl patches increases the likelihood of side effect, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and poor coordination.
		Further research is needed to determine whether chronic alcohol consumption increases the amount of fentanyl needed to relieve pain.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Drug/Fentanyl.htm (427 words)

	Texas Medicaid Vendor Drug Program, Hydrocodone Bitartrate
		Fentanyl buccal lozenges are indicated for use in breakthrough cancer pain in patients with malignancies receiving and tolerant to opiate therapy.
		Fentanyl has the potential for serotonin reuptake blocking effects as well, since this compound is structurally similar to meperidine, which has been shown to block the neuronal reuptake of serotonin.
		Fentanyl has the potential for serotonin reuptake blocking effects, as this compound is structurally similar to meperidine, which has been shown to block the neuronal reuptake of serotonin.
	www.hhsc.state.tx.us /HCF/vdp/Criteria/actiq.html (1122 words)

	Drug Abuse Help: Fentanyl
		Duragesic is a fentanyl transdermal patch used in chronic pain management, and Actiq is a solid formulation of fentanyl citrate on a stick (like a lollipop) that dissolves slowly in the mouth for transmucosal absorption.
		Fentanyl depresses the respiratory centers and the cough reflex and constricts the pupils.
		Fentanyl has the potential for abuse, often leading to physical and psychological dependence, but may be a necessary evil to control chronic pain.
	drugabusehelp.com /drugs/fentanyl (1624 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Fentanyl (Transdermal-Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The transdermal system (skin patch) form of fentanyl is used to treat chronic pain (pain that continues for a long time).
		However, buprenorphine, dezocine, nalbuphine, and pentazocine sometimes decrease the effects of fentanyl, so that fentanyl might be less effective in relieving pain.
		Fentanyl may cause some people to become drowsy, dizzy, or lightheaded, or to feel a false sense of well-being.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202702.html (3264 words)

	Fentanyl Patches
		Fentanyl appeared to be less sedating than morphine both in the daytime and night.
		Significantly more patients indicated that the fentanyl patches had caused less interruption to their daily activities and the activities of family and carers, and had been more convenient to take than morphine tablets.
		Notes (1) Fentanyl is excreted in the urine and the dose may need to be reduced if there is increasing dehydration or renal failure.
	www.medicineau.net.au /clinical/palliative/palliative1.html (6438 words)

	Fentanyl Drug Information
		The transmucosal form of fentanyl is used to treat breakthrough cancer pain.
		Children-Studies with transmucosal fentanyl have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information comparing use of transmucosal fentanyl in children with use in other age groups.
		Transmucosal fentanyl may cause some people to become drowsy, dizzy, or lightheaded, or to feel a false sense of well-being.
	www.drugs.com /cons/Fentanyl.html (2308 words)

	ITheoretical Study of Acyclic FENTANYL ANALOGS With Analgesic Activity: Diampromide and seco-Fentanyl
		The great influence of stereochemistry of the fentanyl class of compounds upon their analgesic activities is very well known.
		The theoretical studies of the active analogs of fentanyl [11] led to the proposal of some elements of pharmacophore necessary for optimum interaction with the receptor.
		The overlap of the postulated receptor recognized conformation of 2 (E= 12.76 kcal/mol), and 3 (E= 16.84 kcal/mol) with fentanyl is presented in Fig.5 and Fig.6, respectively.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /ectoc/echet98/pub/028 (880 words)

	Fentanyl Patches - Update
		Fentanyl patches (Duragesic) will be available on the PBS from this August.
		Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid and is about 30 times more potent than parenteral morphine.
		It should be noted that there is wide variation in morphine to Fentanyl conversion, therefore it is safer to underestimate the size of patch required.
	www.medicineau.net.au /clinical/palliative/palliative2.html (3810 words)

	Information on Fentanyl from Palo Alto Medical Foundation
		Fentanyls are used as a patch for chronic pain management, and are effective in treating pain in cancer patients.
		Fentanyl is most commonly injected, but can also be smoked or snorted.
		Fentanyl may be hundreds of times more potent than heroin.
	www.pamf.org /teen/risk/drugs/daterape/fentanyl.html (291 words)

	Fentanyl Lollipop
		Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) is a novel, noninvasive dosage form of fentanyl used to provide children and adults with sedation, anxiolysis, and analgesia.
		In order to determine the bioavailability and absorption of fentanyl from OTFC, 12 volunteers were given intravenous fentanyl citrate or OTFC 15 micrograms/kg on each of two occasions.
		After intravenous (iv) administration of fentanyl, clearance (mean +/- standard deviation) was 0.67 +/- 0.15 l/min; volume of distribution at steady state was 287 +/- 79 l; and the terminal elimination half-life was 425 +/- 102 min.
	www.csen.com /anesthesia/lollipop.htm (1319 words)

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