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| | Ferdinand - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22) |
 | | The four allies, attacking the Ottomans, were victorious in the first of the Balkan Wars (1912-13), but in the second Balkan War (1913) Bulgaria suffered a humiliating defeat by Serbia, Greece, Romania, and the Ottomans. |
 | | In the hope of recovering most of Macedonia, lost to Serbia and Greece by the Treaty of Bucharest (1913), Ferdinand in 1915 joined the Central Powers in World War I. In 1917 the tide of war turned against Bulgaria, and in 1918, Ferdinand was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Boris III. |
 | | Ferdinand left Bulgaria to spend most of the rest of his life at Coburg, Germany. |
| www.highbeam.com /doc/1E1:FerdiBul/Ferdinand.html?refid=ip_hf (237 words) |
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