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Topic: Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor

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	Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		She was the youngest daughter of Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria.
		In 1651, Ferdinand III married Eleonora of Mantua (Gonzaga).
		Ferdinand Josef, Archduke of Austria (1657 - 1658).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (473 words)

	Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1686 the league of Augsburg was formed by the emperor and the imperial princes, to preserve the terms of the treaties of Westphalia and of Nijmegen.
		Under the guidance of William III a powerful league, the grand alliance, was formed against France; of this the emperor was a prominent member, and in 1703 he transferred his claim on the Spanish monarchy to his second son, the Archduke of Austria, also known as Charles III of Hungary.
		Ferdinand Wenzel, Archduke of Austria (1667 - 1668).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1582 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806.
		The title of "emperor" was considered to have passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom when, in AD 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor in exchange for the protection of the church.
		Until 1508, the King of the Romans, who was elected by a group of princes later known as electors, became emperor when he was crowned by the pope in Rome, after which he remained king (a title with functions in feudal law).
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Holy_Roman_Emperor (542 words)

	Ferdinand
		Ferdinand I of Austria - 1793-1875; became emperor 1835.
		Ferdinand IV, Archduke of Austria, duke of Modena.
		Ferdinand of Austria, Cardinal-Infante of Spain[?] - 1618-1641
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fe/Ferdinand.html (241 words)

	Holy Roman Empire - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE [Holy Roman Empire] designation for the political entity that originated at the coronation as emperor (962) of the German king Otto I and endured until the renunciation (1806) of the imperial title by Francis II.
		Some countries (e.g., Hungary) were ruled by the emperor or imperial prince but were outside the empire, while others (e.g., Flanders, Pomerania, Schleswig, and Holstein) were part of the empire but were ruled by foreign princes who held their lands in fief from the emperor and took part in the imperial diet.
		In 1804, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II took the title Francis I, emperor of Austria, and after the establishment (1806) of the Confederation of the Rhine under Napoleon I, Francis renounced his title as Holy Roman Emperor.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/H/HolyRoma.asp (1939 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ferdinand II, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Ferdinand II 1578–1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), king of Bohemia (1617–37) and of Hungary (1618–37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias.
		Grandson of Ferdinand I, son of Archduke Charles of Styria, Ferdinand was educated by the Jesuits and supported the Counter Reformation.
		Ferdinand in 1630 had dismissed Wallenstein under pressure from the princes of the empire, who felt the general was becoming too powerful.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Ferdi2HRE.html (486 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Ferdinand III 1608–57, Holy Roman emperor (1637–57), king of Hungary (1626–57) and of Bohemia (1627–57), son and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II.
		After the dismissal and assassination (1634) of the imperial commander Wallenstein, Ferdinand became nominal leader of the imperial forces in the Thirty Years War, but it was the imperial general Gallas who was responsible for the successes that culminated in the victory of NOrdlingen (1634).
		Although anxious for peace, Ferdinand rejected the early peace proposals, but in 1648 he had to assent to the treaties negotiated at MUnster and OsnabrUck (see Westphalia, Peace of), which virtually ended the central power of the Holy Roman Empire.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FerdiHRE.html (309 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Holy Roman emperor Leopold I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Leopold I LEOPOLD I [Leopold I] 1640-1705, Holy Roman emperor (1658-1705), king of Bohemia (1656-1705) and of Hungary (1655-1705), second son and successor of Ferdinand III.
		Joseph I JOSEPH I [Joseph I] 1678-1711, Holy Roman emperor (1705-11), king of Hungary (1687-1711) and of Bohemia (1705-11), son and successor of Leopold I. Joseph became Holy Roman emperor in the midst of the War of the Spanish Succession and died before it ended.
		Francis I FRANCIS I [Francis I] 1708-65, Holy Roman emperor (1745-65), duke of Lorraine (1729-37) as Francis Stephen, grand duke of Tuscany (1737-65), husband of Archduchess Maria Theresa.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Holy+Roman+emperor+Leopold+I (663 words)

	Worldroots.com
		(son of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia, Pss of Hungary)
		Ferdinand III, Archduke of Austria+GD of Tuscany 1769-1824
		Ferdinand IV, Archduke of Austria, GD of Tuscany 1835-1908
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/habs-f.htm (652 words)

	Ferdinand V and Isabella I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ferdinand had hoped by this alliance to obtain the Castilian crown for himself, but his high-spirited and politically astute wife firmly retained sovereign authority in her own realm.
		The political philosophies of the two rulers were almost identical, however, and their reign was inaugurated with the promulgation of energetic and sweeping measures designed to strengthen the royal authority and to curb the power of the nobles, who had usurped many privileges and functions of the Crown.
		In 1469 Princess Isabella married Ferdinand of Aragón, known also as Ferdinand V, The Catholic, and on the death of her brother, Henry IV, Isabella and Ferdinand jointly succeeded (1474) to the throne of Castile and León.
	www.sonhex.dk /fandi.htm (617 words)

	Ferdinand III, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1608–57, Holy Roman emperor (1637–57), king of Hungary (1626–57) and of Bohemia (1627–57), son and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II.
		After the dismissal and assassination (1634) of the imperial commander Wallenstein, Ferdinand became nominal leader of the imperial forces in the Thirty Years War, but it was the imperial general Gallas who was responsible for the successes that culminated in the victory of Nördlingen (1634).
		Although anxious for peace, Ferdinand rejected the early peace proposals, but in 1648 he had to assent to the treaties negotiated at Münster and Osnabrück (see Westphalia, Peace of), which virtually ended the central power of the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fe/FerdiHRE.html (228 words)

	BookRags: Ferdinand, III Biography
		Ferdinand III (1608-1657) reigned as Holy Roman emperor from 1637 to 1657.
		Ferdinand of Hapsburg was born in Graz in Styria on July 13, 1608, son of the later emperor Ferdinand II and Maria Anna of Bavaria.
		Ferdinand III shared his father's deep piety relying constantly on the advice of his Jesuit confessors.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/ferdinand-iii (459 words)

	Henry II (Holy Roman Empire) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Henry II (Holy Roman Empire), called Henry The Saint (973-1024), German king and Holy Roman Emperor (1002-1024), last of the Saxon rulers, born in...
		Henry VI (Holy Roman Empire) (1165-1197), Holy Roman emperor (1191-1197) and king of Sicily (1194-1197), born in Nijmegen (in present-day...
		Born in Lesi, Italy, on December 26, 1194, Frederick was the son of Henry VI and grandson of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Henry_II_(Holy_Roman_Empire).html (181 words)

	Ferdinand II (Holy Roman Empire) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ferdinand II (Holy Roman Empire) (1578-1637), Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637), King of Bohemia (1617-1619), and King of Hungary (1621-1625).
		Ferdinand III (Holy Roman Empire) (1608-1657), Holy Roman Emperor (1637-1657), King of Hungary (1625-1657), and King of Bohemia (1627-1657), born in...
		Charles II (Holy Roman Empire), called The Bald (823-877), Holy Roman Emperor (875-877), and, as Charles I, King of France, born in Frankfurt am...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Ferdinand_II_(Holy_Roman_Empire).html (133 words)

	Timeline Holy Roman Empire
		1036-1056 Henry III ruled the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from Hamburg and Bremen in the north to the instep of Italy to the south, Burgundy in the west, and Hungary and Poland to the east.
		The Catholic heir to the Hapsburg dynasty, Charles V, was elected Holy Roman Emperor, combining the crowns of Spain, Burgundy (with the Netherlands), Austria and Germany.
		1640 Jun 9, Leopold I, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1658-1705), was born.
	timelines.ws /countries/HOLY_ROMAN_EMP.HTML (2979 words)

	Ferdinand III af Det tysk-romerske Rige
		Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria.
		Ferdinand married three times - first to his cousin, the Infanta Maria Anna of Spain, by whom he had two surviving sons - Ferdinand IV, his eldest, who predeceased him, and Leopold, who ultimately succeeded him.
		She died in 1649, and Ferdinand married a third time, to Eleonora Gonzaga, daughter of the Duke of Mantua.
	www.futura-dtp.dk /SLAG/Personer/NavneF/Ferdinand3TR.htm (271 words)

	Ferdinand V
		Ferdinand V, called The Catholic (14521516), king of Castile (14741504); as Ferdinand II he was also king of Sicily (14681516) and of Aragon (14791516); as Ferdinand III, king of Naples (15041516).
		The union of the Spanish kingdoms of Aragon and Castile was effected in 1469 by Ferdinand's marriage to his cousin Isabella I, queen of Castile.
		Ferdinand had hoped by this alliance to obtain the Castilian crown for himself, but his highspirited and politically astute wife firmly retained sovereign authority in her own realm.
	www.blackstudies.ucsb.edu /antillians/ferdinand.html (482 words)

	The Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Holy Roman Empire was the medieval state that embraced most of central Europe and Italy under the rule of the German kings from 962 to 1806.
		The churchmen who crowned the emperors, and thus actually sustained the Empire, considered it to be the church's secular arm, sharing responsibility for the welfare and spread of the Christian faith and duty-bound to protect the Papacy.
		The emperors were unable to restrain the German nobles or to resist French encroachments on the western frontiers of the empire, and the Slavic rulers in the east rejected all imperial overlordship.
	serendipity.nofadz.com /twz/hre.html (1519 words)

	August 28: Ferdinand II becomes Holy Roman Emperor
		The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor.
		Furthermore, it was clear that Ferdinand hoped to make himself master of all the territories that now lay at his feet, removing or reducing their local leaders.
		They must be dependent on the emperor, not the emperor on them." However, Ferdinand needed the electors' votes if his son, Ferdinand III, was to be made King of Rome, a step that would put him in line to become the next emperor.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2002/08/daily-08-28-2002.shtml (756 words)

	Holy Roman Empire: Emperors
		Ferdinand II, Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), king of Bohemia (1617–37) and of Hungary (1618–37)
		, Holy Roman emperor (1742–45) and, as Charles Albert, elector of Bavaria (1726–45)
		Ferdinand III, Holy Roman emperor - Ferdinand III, 1608–57, Holy Roman emperor (1637–57), king of Hungary (1626–57)...
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0775517.html (556 words)

	Courtly Lives - The Holy Roman Empire
		The Holy Roman Empire was the name used to describe the German countries of Europe.
		"Holy" was because the countries were all united (in the beginning) in the Roman Catholic Church with the Pope as their spiritual head.
		In 1273, Rudoph of Habsburg was elected emperor, and from that point on, most of the emperors were Habsburgs.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/HRE.html (293 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ferdinand IV King of Castile and León (1295-1312), conquered Gibraltar (1309) from the Moors with the help of Aragon, but he failed in his attempt to take Algeciras.
		But when he was restored to the throne (1814), Ferdinand proved to be a thorough reactionary; he abolished the new constitution but was forced to reinstate it by a revolution (1820).
		Ferdinand's death caused no less trouble than his reign: he had excluded his brother, Don Carlos, from the throne and thus brought on the Carlist wars.
	www.siue.edu /~jbueno/COURSES/FL111C/AIDS/Topical_Index/ferdinands.htm (377 words)

	Register of Barlow Family Collection of Manuscripts - MSS 0019
		Materials include letters signed by King Louis XV of France, King Philip IV of Spain, two queens of Spain (Mariana de Austria and Marie d'Orleans), Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, Charles, Duc d'Orleans, and Spanish writer Francisco de Quevedo in his capacity as an official of the Spanish court.
		Cardinal Zapata recommended Crescencio to King Phillip III as an architect for the Royal Pantheon in El Escorial monastary, a project that was completed under Phillip IV around 1650.
		Crescencio was a favorite of the Spanish minister the Duke of Olivares, and he received many titles, including Marquis de la Torre, Knight of the Order of Santiago, and minister of the Junta de Obras y Bosques (an institution responsible for the preservation of the Royal estates).
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /speccoll/testing/html/mss0019a.html (1177 words)

	Holy Roman Empire
		The (second) medieval revival of the Western Roman Empire was referred to as The Holy Roman Empire which lasted from 962 AD to 1806.
		Usually, the king of Germany became emperor -considered by Europeans the title of most prestige- as soon as he was crowned by the pope.
		The on-going struggle between these families and the intervention of the papacy drastically weakened the empire, culminating in the "Age of the Princes" in Germany and the "Great Interregnum" in the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/HolyRomanEmpire.htm (387 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg39 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Edward III King Of ENGLAND was born on 13 Nov 1312.
		Eleanor Princess Of ENGLAND was born on 8 Jun 1318 in Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England.
		Edward III King Of ENGLAND [Parents] was born on 13 Nov 1312 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg39.htm (1629 words)

	The Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This covers the various phases of the Roman Empire: the original, the Western, the Eastern (Byzantine), and the Holy Roman Empire.
		Aëtius was the son of a Roman mother and a Scythian father.
		Ironically, the last dynasty (Vaudemont) had been transplanted from Lorraine into Tuscany, and the last Emperor of all (Francis II) was a serious, capable, and studious fellow with a very Roman sense of gravitas, who was born in and spent his youth amidst the sunny hills of central Italy.
	www.hostkingdom.net /empire.html (1774 words)

	Ferdinand III, Holy Roman emperor
		The moral menace of Roman law and the making of commerce: some Dutch evidence.
		Alexander I, the Holy Alliance and Clemens Metternich: a reappraisal.
		Gustav III of Sweden: the forgotten despot of the age of enlightenment: A.D. Harvey recalls the career of the Swedish king whose assassination......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0818463.html (274 words)

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