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	Ferdinand IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ferdinand IV of Castile (1289-1312, king of Castile and León from 1295)
		Ferdinand IV of Germany (1633-1654, king of the Romans from 1653, of Bohemia from 1646, of Hungary from 1647)
		Ferdinand IV of Naples (1751-1825, king 1759-1799; 1799-1806; 1815-1816) (=Ferdinand III of Sicily 1759-1816)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferdinand_IV (126 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Germany
		For Germany itself the heroic age of the medieval emperors was a period of progress in learning.
		In this the pope agreed that in Germany the election of bishops should take place according to canonical procedure in the presence of the king or his representative, and that the bishop-elect should then be invested by the king with the sceptre as a symbol of the regalia.
		Louis was excommunicated in 1346, and Charles IV of Moravia (1347-78) was, with the help of the pope, chosen German king by five of the electors under humiliating conditions.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06484b.htm (20891 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		Germany has a temperate climate; the lowlands of the N are somewhat warmer than the higher elevations in the central and S regions.
		Germany’s principal seaports are Hamburg, Bremerhaven, and Wilhelmshaven on the North Sea, and Lübeck and Rostock on the Baltic.
		The struggle in Germany was temporarily resolved at Conrad’s death by the election of his nephew Frederick, a Hohenstaufen born of a Welf mother.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/nations/germany.html (9487 words)

	GERMANY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Germany was defeated in 1945 and was divided into zones that, in 1949, became West Germany and East Germany.
		Germany is a federal republic in which the people elect their representatives by secret ballot.
		Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men, and the nation was forbidden from having an air force.
	www.gauravhira.freehomepage.com /germany.htm (12123 words)

	Ferdinand VII -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Ferdinand VII, detail of an oil painting by Francisco de Goya, 1814–15; in the Prado, Madrid.
		Ferdinand was the son of Charles IV and Maria Luisa of Parma, who placed their whole confidence in Manuel de Godoy.
		Charles ruled Spain, Naples and Sicily, the duchy of Milan, and the Netherlands and was the imperial lord of Germany as well as of the New...
	secure.britannica.com /eb/article-9034016?&query=ferdinand (724 words)

	Ferdinand IV of Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ferdinand IV (September 8, 1633 - July 9, 1654) was King of the Romans, of Hungary, and of Bohemia.
		He was born in Vienna, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife, Infanta Maria Anna of Spain (daughter of King Philip III of Spain).
		He was made King of Bohemia in 1646, King of Hungary in 1647, and was elected King of the Romans (future ruler of the Holy Roman Empire) on May 31, 1653, and crowned at Ratisbon (Regensburg) on June 18 of the same year.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/ferdinand_iv_of_germany (184 words)

	Germany, the Stem Duchies & Marches
		All these tribes in Germany were eventually subjugated by the Franks, the Alemanni in 496 and 505, the Thuringians in 531, the Bavarians at some point after 553, and then finally the Saxons, in a protracted campaign by Charlemagne himself, by 804.
		This small state was far from Germany, a fief of Burgundy, surrounded by the Papal enclave of Avignon, whose Princes recently derived from the Free Counts of Burgundy.
		Rudolf IV of Hapsburg got himself elected Emperor, the first after the Great Interregnum (1254-1273) which followed the fall of the Hohenstaufen, and used his power to obtain the Duchy of Austria, killing Ottokar II, Duke of Austria and King of Bohemia, at the Battle of Dürnkrut in 1278.
	www.friesian.com /germany.htm (10200 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Westphalia
		It is true that here, as elsewhere in Germany, a strong anti-clerical opposition had been in existence for a long time, but this antagonism did not at once join the new dogmatic opposition of Luther.
		The Counter-Reformation was begun in the Diocese of Münster by Bishop John von Hoya (1566-74), and brought to a victorious close by Ernst of Bavaria (1585-1612), and Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612-50).
		In Paderborn Henry of Lauenburg was followed by Theodore of Furstenberg (1585-1618), who defeated the Protestant opposition by the taking of Paderborn in 1604; he restored Catholicism with the aid of the Jesuits, and gave the Counter-Reformation a centre by founding the University of Paderborn in 1614.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15601b.htm (3532 words)

	Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The era from 1914 to 1990 has been tumultuous and often horrific but, at the dawn of the 21st century, Germany seems to have achieved a level of unity seldom seen previously.
		A record of the rulers of German states is an exceedingly complex undertaking, inasmuch as German feudal theory encouraged rampant subdivision of territories within various branches of governing noble families.
		These conditions created between the 12th and 18th centuries many hundreds of small or often miniscule statelets, each with a considerable degree of autonomy, each with its own peculiar traditions and customs, and each liable to be united with its neighbours - or further subdivided - depending upon genealogical accident.
	www.hostkingdom.net /germany.html (410 words)

	Germany 5 from Hospitality North, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Germany · Henry VI More ambitious even than his father, Henry VI wanted to dominate the known world.
		Germany suffered the turmoil of the Great Interregnum (1254-1273), during which foreigners claimed the crown and the princes won a six-century ascendancy.
		By undertaking to marry his grandson Ferdinand to the heiress of Hungary and Bohemia, he added those states to the inheritance.
	www3.bc.sympatico.ca /hospitalitynorth/germany4.htm (2797 words)

	RULERS OF GERMANY (DEUTSCHLAND)
		With the death of Konrad IV in 1254, the hereditary principle was discarded in favor of election.
		Between 1257 and 1272, the throne was disputed between Alfonso X of Castile and Richard of Cornwall.
		Son of Liudolf of Swabia son of Otto I of Germany brother of Heinrich I
	www-personal.umich.edu /~imladjov/GermanRulers.htm (2547 words)

	Erzherzog Josef Ferdinand von Österreich-Toskana
		Erzherzog Joseph Ferdinand attended the military Oberrealchule at Mährisch Weissenkirchen and after that the Maria Theresa military academy at Wiener Neustadt from which he was commissioned as a Leutnant in the Tirol Jäger regiment on the 18th of August 1892.
		Josef Ferdinand was to remain in command of the IV.
		Josef Ferdinand commanded the Beskid and Tarnow passes into Silesia and Hungary, but the Russians held the Gorlice and Jaslo roads, from whence a fierce assault against Neusandetz (Nowy Sacz) was launched.
	www.geocities.com /veldes1/josefferdinand.html (2585 words)

	THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Their number was formerly codified in an Imperial Bull of 1356 issued by the Emperor Karl IV (of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia).
		The Reformation was the greatest blow to Imperial power, resulting in increasing Hohenzollern domination of the northern reaches of the Empire with the acquisition by a Hohenzollern prince of the Duchy of Prussia and the conversion of Church lands into hereditary fiefs.
		The latter's brother Ferdinand acquired by marriage the Crowns of Hungary and Bohemia in 1526.
	www.chivalricorders.org /nobility/holyroman (2298 words)

	Timeline Germany to 1820 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Germany is about the size of Montana and has 83 million people.
		97CE Oct 27, To placate the Praetorians of Germany, Nerva of Rome adopted Trajan, the Spanish born governor of lower Germany.
		This event signaled the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in Germany and Protestantism in general, shattering the external structure of the medieval church and at the same time reviving the religious consciousness of Europe.
	timelines.ws /countries/GERM_TO_1820.HTML (12493 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Governor Ferdinand von Bissing on Germany's Policy of Deporting Belgians to ...
		Reproduced below is the text of a letter sent by the German Military Governor in occupied Belgium, Ferdinand von Bissing, in reply to one by the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Malines, Cardinal Desire Mercier.
		Cardinal Mercier had made repeated demands that Germany's policy of deporting unemployed Belgian citizens to Germany - where they were essentially used as forced labour - cease immediately.
		These decisions were not arbitrarily or hastily taken without sufficient consideration for the difficulties of the problem; they were the outcome of ripe reflection bearing on the circumstances and the necessity recognized as unavoidable.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/belgium_bissing1.htm (726 words)

	Germany Info: Culture & Life: History: Milestones in History
		Death of Frederick William IV accession to the throne of William I
		Germany's attack on Poland, beginning of World War II 1942 — Wannsee Conference (Nazi leadership decides to systematically eradicate European Jewry)
		Germany's parliament condemns the terrorist attacks of September 11 in the US and endorses Germany's solidarity with the US Chancellor Schröder prevails in crucial vote tying vote of confidence to the parliamentary approval of German military participation in the international war against terrorism
	www.germany-info.org /relaunch/culture/history/milestones.html (1644 words)

	Ferdinand VII -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		Napoleon soon replaced him as king with Joseph Bonaparte and held Ferdinand in France (1808–13).
		The Spanish populace rose against the French invaders in the name of Ferdinand, who became known as “the Desired.” In 1812 independent Spaniards adopted a liberal constitution, which Ferdinand overthrew on his return as king in 1813 to rule in an absolutist style.
		He abolished the Salic Law of Succession to allow his daughter (the future Isabella II) instead of his brother (Don Carlos [1788–1855]) to succeed him, which triggered the opposition movement, Carlism.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9364334 (753 words)

	Germany S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		There have been two different Saxonies; the older, located in northwestern Germany, was disrupted and the lands dispersed to local rulers in the 12th century, owing to the bitter feud between Duke Henry the Lion and the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
		The newer, located in Lusatia and Thuringia, arose from the expansion of territories in that region by successors to the elder state.
		The Duchy was broken asunder at the end of that era, and in its place arose a number of local states, most notably Baden and Wurttemberg.
	www.hostkingdom.net /gerS.html (557 words)

	Countries Ga-Gi
		Gabon - The Gambia - Georgia - Germany - Ghana - Gibraltar
		The Diet of the Confederation, as well as its College of Kings, was chaired by the former archbishop of Mayence, imperial archchancellor and elector, in his capacity as Prince-Primate (Fürstprimas).
		After the dissolution of the Rhine Confederation, there was no central authority in Germany until the creation of the German Confederation.
	www.rulers.org /rulg1.html (9036 words)

	Under Pius IV Council of Trent-Bull and Session 17
		Under Pius IV Council of Trent-Bull and Session 17
		Under the Supreme Pontiff, Pius IV, Bishop, servant of the servants of God, for a perpetual remembrance hereof given in the year of 1560
		Given at Rome at Saint Peter's on the thirtieth of November in the year 1560 of the Lord's incarnation and in the first year of our pontificate.
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/TRENT17.HTM (563 words)

	Wikinfo \| 1228
		Conrad IV of Germany becomes titular King of Jerusalem, with Frederick II as regent.
		Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276)
		Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned from 1217 to 1252)
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=1228 (256 words)

	African Timelines Part IV: Anti-Colonialism & Reconstruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Here the powers of Europe, together with the United States, defined their spheres of influence and laid down rules for future occupation on the coasts of Africa and for navigation of the Zaire and Niger rivers.
		Germany loses WWI and its African colonies to France and Great Britain, who are expected by the League of Nations to prepare the colonies for independence.
		Cameroon has also produced two novelists, Mongo Beti and Ferdinand Oyono, who have written extremely powerful and searching satire.
	web.cocc.edu /cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline4.htm (3275 words)

	RICK WAKEMAN Black Knights at the Court of Ferdinand IV reviews and MP3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Black Knights At The Court Of Ferdinand IV it's a magical mix of "Musica Napoletana" (stile Osannas "Palepoli") and new age and epic prog.
		I consider Rick Wakeman one of ten best keyboards player in the universe and this album attest my idea, because only a superior head can conceive this big ideas.
		Black Knights at the Court of Ferdinand IV
	www.progarchives.com /Progressive_rock_discography_CD.asp?cd_id=4547 (1365 words)

	Germany
		- Ferdinand Maria (in dispute with Karl I) (duke of Bavaria)
		With the demise of the imperial authority, by death or abdication, if a Roman King was in existence, he took the style of Roman Emperor-Elect, King in Germany (see above).
		Note: After the dissolution of the Rhine Confederation, there was no central authority in Germany until the creation of the German Confederation.
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Germany.html (4387 words)

	Eustache the Monk: Introduction
		John responded by confiscating the property of the clergy who obeyed the interdict.
		1212 King John forms an alliance with the Count of Boulogne, Otto IV of Germany, and Ferdinand of Portugal with the aim of fighting Philip Augustus, but the plan is abandoned due to lack of baronial support and rebellion in Wales.
		The victories are short-lived as John's coalition of forces -- Otto IV, the Counts of Flanders, Boulogne, Holland, Brabant, and Limburg, and the Duke of Lorraine -- are soundly defeated at the battle of Bouvines.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /camelot/teams/eustint.htm (2491 words)

	Panzerworld - Germany's weapons and Panzer of World War II
		Panzerworld - Germany's weapons and Panzer of World War II Germany's Panzer forces of World War II, and German World War II equipment in general
		Germany's weapons and Panzer of World War II What's new
		All contents written by Christian Ankerstjerne unless stated otherwise
	www.panzerworld.net (283 words)

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