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Topic: Ferdinand VII of Spain

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	Ferdinand VII of Spain
		Ferdinand VII (October 14, 1784 - September 29, 1833) was King of Spain from 1813 to 1833.
		Ferdinand soon found that while Spain was fighting for independence in his name and while in his name juntas had governed in Spanish America, a new world had been born of foreign invasion and domestic revolution.
		Ferdinand had restored the Jesuits upon his return; now the Society had become identified with repression and absolutism among the liberals, who attacked them: twenty-five Jesuits were slain in Madrid in 1822.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain (1149 words)

	Maria Christina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Maria Christina, Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Queen of Spain (Maria Cristina Ferdinanda of the Two Sicilies branch of the Royal House of Bourbon) (April 27, 1806–August 22, 1878) was Queen Consort of Spain (1829 to 1833) and Queen Regent of Spain (1833 to 1840).
		Maria Christina was the fourth wife of King Ferdinand VII of Spain (Fernando in Spanish) (1783-1833, king 1813-1833) and mother of and regent for Queen Isabella II of Spain (Isabel in Spanish) (1830-1904, queen 1833-1868).
		As the widow of Ferdinand VII and the mother of Isabella II, Maria Christina was buried in the royal crypt of the El Escorial monastery (El Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo del Escorial, the Royal Monastery of Saint Lawrence of Escorial).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maria_Christina_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies (997 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ferdinand VII, king of Spain (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Ferdinand VII 1784–1833, king of Spain (1808–33), son of Charles IV and MarIa Luisa.
		Excluded from a role in the government, he became the center of intrigues against the chief minister Godoy and attempted to win the support of Napoleon I. In 1807 he was arrested by his father, who accused him of plotting his overthrow and the murder of his mother and Godoy.
		Ferdinand was soon persuaded to cross the French border and meet Napoleon at Bayonne.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Ferdi7Sp.html (561 words)

	king of Spain FERDINAND VII. - LoveToKnow Article on king of Spain FERDINAND VII. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		, king of Spain (1784-1833), the eldest son of Charles IV., king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, was born at the palace of San Ildefonso near Balsam in the Somosierra hills, on the 14th of October 1784.
		Then he spent years as the prisoner of Napoleon, and returned in 1814 to find that while Spain was fighting for independence in his name a new world had been born of foreign invasion and domestic revolution.
		It had been a frequent saying with the more zealous royalists of Spain that a king must be wiser than his ministers, for he was placed on the throne and directed by God.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FE/FERDINAND_VII_king_of_Spain.htm (1002 words)

	Spanish Inquisition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 15th century, Spain was not a single state but a confederation of realms, each with their own administrations, such as the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile, ruled by Ferdinand and Isabella, respectively.
		Ferdinand was an astute politician, and developed close ties with St. Peter's in Rome as part of his political manoeuvering, aimed at consolidating the independent realms (joined by his marriage to Isabella) into a single state to be left to his heir.
		Ferdinand had won everything he sought: the Inquisition was under his sole control, but had the blessing of the Pope, and the royal coffers were swelling with the loot of the Jewish and Moorish victims.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_inquisition (2293 words)

	Ferdinand VII of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In October 1807, Ferdinand was arrested for his complicity in the conspiracy of the Escorial in which liberal reformers aimed at securing the help of the emperor Napoleon.
		The change in the order of succession established by his dynasty in Spain angered a large part of the nation and made civil war, the Carlist Wars, inevitable.
		His wife was mistress by his death-bed and she could put the words she chose into the mouth of a dead man and could move the dead hand at her will.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain (1242 words)

	Carlist Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Carlist Wars in Spain were the last major European civil wars in which pretenders fought to establish their claim to a throne.
		When Ferdinand VII of Spain died in 1833, his fourth wife Maria Cristina became Queen regent on behalf of their infant daughter Isabella II.
		The Carlists were the supporters of Carlos, a pretender to the throne and brother of the deceased Ferdinand VII, who denied the validity of the Pragmatic Sanction that abolished the Salic Law.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Carlist_Wars (329 words)

	Ferdinand VII of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The eldest son of Charles IV, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, he was born in El Escorial - Madrid.
		Then he spent almost seven years at Chateau Valençay in the town of Valençay, France as the prisoner of Napoleon, and returned in 1814 to find that while Spain was fighting for independence in his name a new world had been born of foreign invasion and domestic revolution.
		When his father's abdication was extorted by a popular riot at Aranjuez in March 1808, he ascended the throne - not to lead his people manfully, but to throw himself into the hands of Napoleon, in the fatuous hope that the emperor would support him.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/ferdinand_vii_of_spain (1062 words)

	King Ferdinand VII of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ferdinand was born in 1784 to Charles IV and María Luisa.
		In 1808, a palace revolution at Aranjuez made Ferdinand acceed to the throne and become King Ferdinand VII of Spain.
		Ferdinand going to meet Napoleon at Bayonne, France, but he was forced to abdicate and his throne was given to Joseph Bonaparte.
	goofy313g.free.fr /calisota_online/exist/ferdinandVII.html (274 words)

	EIGHTH GENERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		King CHARLES IV of Spain was born in 1748.
		Infanta Marie Louise of Spain was born in 1782.
		Duke Charles of Molina was born in 1788.
	www.royalgenealogy.com /d762.htm (44 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg182 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Ferdinand VII of Spain DE BOURBON King of Spain [Parents] was born 14 Oct 1784 in San Ildefonso.
		Ferdinand II of Sicily DE BOURBON King [Parents] was born 12 Jan 1810 in Palermo, Sicily.
		Ferdinand of Molina DE BOURBON was born 19 Oct 1824.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg182.htm (745 words)

	Ferdinand VII of Spain biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When his father's abdication was extorted by a popular riot at Aranjuez in March 1808, he ascended the throne but turned again to Napoleon, in the fatuous hope that the emperor would support him.
		He was in his turn forced to make an abdication and imprisoned in France for almost seven years at the Chateau of Valençay in the town of Valençay, while Spain, with the help of Great Britain, fought for its independence.
		In 1820 his misrule provoked a revolt in favor of the Constitution of 1812, which began with a mutiny of the troops under Col. Rafael Riego and the king was quickly made prisoner.
	www.biography.ms /Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain.html (1082 words)

	Isabella II of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		She was born in Madrid, and was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand VII, king of Spain, and of his fourth wife, Maria Christina, a Neapolitan Bourbon and also the niece of Marie Antoinette.
		Queen Isabella succeeded to the throne because Ferdinand VII induced the Cortes to assist him in setting aside the Salic law, which the Bourbons had introduced in the beginning of the 18th century, and to re-establish the older succession law of Spain.
		Isabella was induced to abdicate in Paris on June 25 1870 in favour of her son, Alfonso XII, and the cause of the restoration was thus much furthered.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Isabella_II_of_Spain (749 words)

	british monarchy - mong62 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ferdinand VII King of Spain [Parents] was born in 1784.
		Ferdinand married Mary Christina of Sicily in 1829.
		Isabella II Queen of Spain was born in 1830 and died in 1904.
	freepages.history.rootsweb.com /~wakefield/monarchy/mong62.htm (502 words)

	Independence in Latin America
		New Spain extended from Panama in the south to the territories of Alto California, Nuevo Mexico and Texas in the north (Nuevo Mexico including territory between Texas and Alto California as far north as what eventually would be called Wyoming).
		New Spain had a population of around 1.2 million whites, 2 million mestizos (part Indian, part white), 4 million Indians (about a million more than a century and a half earlier but down from 15 million at the time of Cortez), and there were some fls on the Caribbean coast.
		Since 1823 Ferdinand VII had been back in power in Spain again, and his ministers were watching the instability in Mexico and believed that the time was ripe to reconquer Mexico.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h39-la.html (7473 words)

	Ferdinand VII, King of Spain - Olga's Gallery
		Ferdinand VII (1784-1833) king of Spain, the eldest son of Charles IV and Queen Maria Luisa.
		For six years Ferdinand lived in exile on the estate of the French foreign minister, Talleyrand, at Valençay, where the treaty (1813) was signed with Napoleon that restored Ferdinand to the throne.
		The revolution of 1820 forced Ferdinand to recognize the 1812 constitution, but three years later with the aid of the French troops he restored the absolutism.
	www.abcgallery.com /bio/ferdinand7.html (158 words)

	Ferdinand
		Ferdinand IV, Archduke of Austria, duke of Modena.
		Ferdinand IV of Castile and Leon[?] - 1285-1312; became king 1295.
		Ferdinand of Austria, Cardinal-Infante of Spain[?] - 1618-1641
	www.fastload.org /fe/Ferdinand.html (280 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg180 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Ferdinand II of Sicily DE BOURBON King was born 12 Jan 1810 and died 22 May 1859.
		Ferdinand IV of Naples DE BOURBON [Parents] was born 12 Jan 1751 in Naples.
		Ferdinand IV of Naples DE BOURBON was born 12 Jan 1751 and died 4 Jan 1825.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg180.htm (1122 words)

	Written biography of Ferdinand, VII \| Life of Ferdinand, VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The reign of Ferdinand VII (1784-1833) was one of the most complex and important in the history of Spain.
		It was characterized by a popular war against French occupation and by the struggle of liberal groups to establish a constitutional monarchy.On Oct. 14, 1784, Ferdinand was born in San Lorenzo del Escorial to the timid Charles, heir to the throne of Spain, and the domineering Maria Luisa of Parma.
		Ferdinand VII has been praised by conservative Spanish historians as a capable and popular king who struggled to preserve the traditional Spanish way of life.
	www.newessay.com /biographies/Ferdinand_VII-29088.html (275 words)

	Ferdinand VII of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Charles IV, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, was born at the palace of San Ildefonso near Balsam in the Somosierra hills, on October 14 1784.">
		Ferdinand VII, king of Spain (1784-1833), the eldest son of IV of Spain">Charles IV, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, was born at the palace of San Ildefonso near Balsam in the Somosierra hills, on October 14 1784.
		When his father's abdication was extorted by a popular riot at Aranjuez in March 1808, he ascended the throne--not to lead his people manfully, but to throw himself into the hands of Napoleon, in the fatuous hope that the emperor would support him.
	www.termsdefined.net /fe/ferdinand-vii-of-spain.html (1244 words)

	Ferdinand VII de España (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ferdinand VII (de octubre el 14 de 1784 - de septiembre el 29 de 1833) era rey de España a partir de 1813 a 1833.
		Ferdinand pronto encontró que de mientras que España luchaba para la independencia en su nombre y de mientras que en sus juntas conocidas había gobernado en América española, un mundo nuevo había sido nato la invasión extranjera y revolución doméstica.
		Ferdinand había restaurado a jesuits sobre su vuelta; ahora la sociedad se había identificado con la represión y absolutismo entre los liberales, que los atacaron: mataron a veinticinco jesuits en Madrid en 1822.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/fe/Ferdinand%20VII%20de%20Espa%F1a.htm (1177 words)

	Charles IV of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He thought it very important to seem a very powerful monarch, although his kingdom was treated as a mere dependency by France and his throne was dominated by the queen and her lover.
		Spain allied with France and supported the Continental Blockade, but withdrew after the Battle of Trafalgar.
		When he was told that his son Ferdinand was appealing to the emperor Napoleon against Godoy, he took the side of the favourite.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Charles-IV-of-Spain.htm (742 words)

	Ferdinand VII -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Ferdinand VII, detail of an oil painting by Francisco de Goya, 1814–15; in the Prado, Madrid.
		Ferdinand was the son of Charles IV and Maria Luisa of Parma, who placed their whole confidence in Manuel de Godoy.
		Charles ruled Spain, Naples and Sicily, the duchy of Milan, and the Netherlands and was the imperial lord of Germany as well as of the New...
	secure.britannica.com /eb/article-9034016?&query=ferdinand (764 words)

	boys clothing: Spanish royalty -- Ferdinand VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ferdinand VII (1784-1833) was the son of King Charles IV and Queen María Luisa of Parma.
		Ferdinand was convinced that his army could not effectively resist the French and that an arrangent was necessay with Napoleon.
		Ferdinand VII was the son of King Charles IV (1748-1819) and Queen María Luisa of Parma.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/spa/rs-f7.htm (1878 words)

	Charles IV of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He was the father of, amongst others, king Ferdinand VII of Spain and Carlota Joaquina, Princess of SpainCarlota Joaquina, consort of king João VI of Portugal/.
		During his father's lifetime he was led by her into court intrigues which aimed at driving the king's favourite minister, Floridablanca, from office, and replacing him by Pedro Pablo ArandaAranda/, the chief of the "Aragonese" party.
		Ferdinand took the throne but was distrusted by Napoleon, who had 100,000 soldiers in Spain by that time.
	www.infothis.com /find/Charles_IV_of_Spain (709 words)

	Jose Francisco Barreto y Cardenas petition to King Ferdinand VII - UF Special and Area Studies Collections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1810, Jose Francisco Barreto (a Creole or Cuban born Spanish noble) successfully opposed the establishment of a Junta Superior to govern Cuba during Ferdinand's captivity and the French occupation of most of Spain.
		In this explanation of his actions in the Cuban colony, Barreto writes that his enemies are now blocking him from holding the Countship of Mopox with the status of grandee of Spain attached to same due to the death of his brother, the Field Marshal Count of Mopox and French captivity of his nephew.
		He recalls the heroic actions of his grandfather during the British occupation of Havana (1762-1764) in opposing oaths of allegiance forced on Havana officials and mentions General Count of Albemarle, leader of the British occupation of Havana.
	web.uflib.ufl.edu /spec/manuscript/guides/barreto.htm (346 words)

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