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Topic: Ferdinand de Saussure

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	Ferdinand de Saussure (Ferdinand de Saussure Hakkında) - MsXLabs
		Leipzig şanslı bir seçim oldu, çünkü genç dil tarihçileri okulunun Junggrammatiker ya da 'Yeni Dil Bilgiciler'in merkeziydi; Saussure, ilk kez kendi zekâsını gününün en yaratıcı dilcileri ile karşılaştırabiliyordu.
		Saussure, Berlin'deki on sekiz aylık bir ara dışında dört yıl boyunca Leipzig'de kaldı ve 1878 Aralık ayında yirmi bir yaşındayken, bir dilcinin 'şimdiye dek yazılımş en yetkin karşılaştırmalı filoloji yapıtı' dediği Mémoire sur le sytème primitif des voyelles dans le langues indo-européennes (Hint-Avrupa Dillerindeki Ünlülerin İlk Dizgesi Üstüne İnceleme)sini yayımladı.
		Saussure, Berlin Leipzig'e döndüğünde, bir profesör ona İnceleme'nin yazarı, İsviçleril büyük dil bilimci Saussure ile uzak yakın bir akrabalığı olup olmadığını sordu.
	www.msxlabs.org /forum/bilim-ww/18502-ferdinand-de-saussure-ferdinand-de-saussure-hakkinda-mesaj437247.html (972 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure Encyclopedia
		Ferdinand de Saussure (pronounced [fɛʁdi'nɑ̃ də so'syʁ]) (November 26, 1857 – February 22, 1913) was a Geneva-born Swiss linguist whose ideas laid the foundation for many of the significant developments in linguistics in the 20th century.
		Saussure's most influential work, Course in General Linguistics (Cours de linguistique générale), was published posthumously in 1916 by former students Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye on the basis of notes taken from Saussure's lectures at the University of Geneva.
		Cardinale Infante Ferdinand of Austria as Hunter Cardinale Infante Ferdinand of Austria as a hunter (1609/1610)
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Ferdinand_de_Saussure.html (1168 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure
		Ferdinand de Saussure (November 26, 1857 - February 22, 1913) was a Swiss linguist, considered by many to be the father of structuralism.
		Jakobson recognized the value of Saussure's theories to Russian language because of the application of Marxism and the worth accorded to literature in Russian society as a means of moral and social criticism.
		Benveniste, E. Lettre de Ferdinand de Saussure a Antoine Meillet.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/f/fe/ferdinand_de_saussure.html (2832 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		De Saussure came from a family of noted intellectuals.
		His father, Henri de Saussure, was a well known biologist and his grandfather, Horace-Benedict, was a geologist who advanced the science of tectonics, as well as being the first person to climb to the summit of Mont-Blanc (1787).
		De Saussure is known as the "Father of Modern Linguistics" Because of his work with Indo-European languages.
	home.earthlink.net /~potterama/Michele/projects/hyper/desaussure.html (204 words)

	Ferdinand De Saussure
		Saussure rejects a theory of language as "a naming-process only--a list of words, each corresponding to the thing that it names." He does so because such a theory "assumes that ready-made ideas exist before words; it does not tell us whether a name is vocal or psychological in nature.
		Saussure has two basic, and famous, principles: 1) The arbitrary nature of the sign; and 2) The linear nature of the signifier.
		Saussure also distinguishes between what he calls langue--the system of a language, the language as a system of forms--and parole--actual speech, the speech acts that are made possible by the language.
	www.brysons.net /academic/saussure.html (466 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure's Course in General Linguistics
		Ferdinand de Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics (1916) is a summary of his lectures at the University of Geneva from 1906 to 1911.
		Saussure defines linguistics as the study of language, and as the study of the manifestations of human speech.
		Saussure views language as having an inner duality, which is manifested by the interaction of the synchronic and diachronic, the syntagmatic and associative, the signifier and signified.
	www.angelfire.com /md2/timewarp/saussure.html (928 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Ferdinand de Saussure
		Ferdinand de Saussure (November 26, 1857 - February 22, 1913) was a Swiss linguist.
		De Saussure emphasized a synchronic view of linguistics in contrast to the diachronic (historical study) view of the 19th century.
		De Saussure made an important discovery in Indo-European philology which is now known as the laryngeal theory.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/fe/Ferdinand_de_Saussure (251 words)

	CSI: Thi1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Saussure's perception of the problem has proved substantially correct: it is only in the past few decades that linguistics has begun to pay serious attention to spoken language, to analyse the substantial differences between speech and writing, and to show the relationships between them.
		Saussure's 'photographic' metaphor recognizes, if only implicitly, that the written word is a cultural technology which transforms and recontextualizes the spoken word on analogy with the way that a photograph transform and recontextualizes the human face of which the former is an image.
		Saussure's point is that it is only by virtue of the fact that such a stable spoken language system exists that acoustic images may in turn be 'translated' into visual images in and through the resources of the written language system.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /epc/srb/cyber/thi1.html (11782 words)

	Amazon.com: Course In General Linguistics: Books: Ferdinand de Saussure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ferdinand de Saussure and his students in Geneva at the turn of the century articulated in notes, critical insight attributed to Saussure in that "The sole object of study in linguistics is the normal, regular existence of a language already established." A tall order no doubt.
		Saussure takes language, "considered in itself and for its own sake", to be the "only true object of study in linguistics." Okay, then the linguistic sign is a helpful device in explaning language, but it does not represent the wholeness of language, which is the object of study.
		Saussure distinguished synchronic linguistics (studying language at a given moment) from diachronic linguistics (studying the changing state of a language over time); he further opposed what he named langue (the state of a language at a certain time) to parole (the speech of an individual).
	www.amazon.com /Course-General-Linguistics-Ferdinand-Saussure/dp/0070165246 (1864 words)

	Saussure
		Saussure is generally regarded as the founder of modern linguistics.
		Saussure’s theory of signs recognizes the systemic codes and socialized conventions that characterize languages and the manner in which they are internalized by members of a given culture.
		According to Jonathan Culler, Saussure’s postulation of the “phoneme” provides us with a means for comprehending the social significance of objects and actions and for registering the judgments and perceptions that a given speaker evinces, often unconsciously, when using a given language in a given historical instance (1981, 81).
	www.boisestate.edu /english/chughes/Saussure.html (870 words)

	Semiotics for Beginners: Introduction
		Note that Saussure's term, 'semiology' is sometimes used to refer to the Saussurean tradition, whilst 'semiotics' sometimes refers to the Peircean tradition, but that nowadays the term 'semiotics' is more likely to be used as an umbrella term to embrace the whole field (Nöth 1990, 14).
		Whilst for the linguist Saussure, 'semiology' was 'a science which studies the role of signs as part of social life', for the philosopher Charles Peirce 'semiotic' was the 'formal doctrine of signs' which was closely related to Logic (Peirce 1931-58, 2.227).
		Saussure argued that 'nothing is more appropriate than the study of languages to bring out the nature of the semiological problem' (Saussure 1983, 16; Saussure 1974, 16).
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/S4B/sem01.html (4891 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ferdinand de Saussure (Language And Linguistics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		One of the founders of modern linguistics, he established the structural study of language, emphasizing the arbitrary relationship of the linguistic sign to that which it signifies.
		Saussure distinguished synchronic linguistics (studying language at a given moment) from diachronic linguistics (studying the changing state of a language over time); he further opposed what he named langue (the state of a language at a certain time) to parole (the speech of an individual).
		Saussure's most influential work is the Course in General Linguistics (1916), a compilation of notes on his lectures.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SaussureF.html (228 words)

	Semiotics and UID: Saussurean Semiotics
		Saussure thought of both the signifier and the signified as purely psychological phenomena, with any connections to the physical world presumably mediated through the sensorimotor system of the interpreter.
		The nature of Saussure's signified as a mental concept, not a thing in the world, points to another important distinction, between what a user thinks a sign means and what the designer intended it to mean.
		Structuralism is the tradition, beginning with Saussure, of viewing signs as functioning within systems, and analyzing the structure of these systems by identifying their constituent parts and the relations among them.
	www-cse.ucsd.edu /~goguen/courses/271/tutorial/saussure.php (846 words)

	SAUSSURE.LEC
		Saussure says this is a pretty naive or elementary view of language, but a useful one, because it gets across the idea that the basic linguistic unit has two parts.
		Saussure discusses whether symbols, such as the use of scales for the idea of justice, are innate or arbitrary, and decides that these too are arbitrary, or based on community agreement.
		Saussure (and other structuralist and post-structuralist theorists) talk about the system of language as a whole as LANGUE (from the French word for language), and any individual unit within that system (such as a word) as a PAROLE.
	www.colorado.edu /English/courses/ENGL2012Klages/saussure.html (3746 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure . Enpsychlopedia
		Ferdinand de Saussure (pronounced ['fɛrdinã də'sosyʁ]) (November 26, 1857 – February 22, 1913) was a Geneva-born Swiss linguist whose ideas laid the foundation for many of the significant developments in linguistics in the 20th century.
		Two years later at 21 years Saussure studied for a year at Berlin where he wrote his only full-length work titled Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles dans les langues indo-européenes.
		However, their expansive interpretations of Saussure's theories, and their application of those theories to non-linguistic fields of study, led to theoretical difficulties and proclamations of the end of structuralism in those disciplines.
	enpsychlopedia.org /psypsych/Ferdinand_de_Saussure (876 words)

	Saussure and the Swiss Structuralists
		Saussure refers to the "psychological impression of a sound" as the "signal" and to the "concept" as the "signification".
		Saussure suggests that to "think of a sign as nothing more [than the combination of a certain sound and a certain concept] would be to isolate it from the system to which it belongs.
		Nonetheless, Saussure's suggestion that "a language is a system of pure values, determined by nothing else apart from the temporary state of its constituent elements" (p80) provides for an interesting backdrop against which to view the facts of Natural Language.
	www.martnet.com /~lexicon/origins.html (2092 words)

	ipedia.com: Ferdinand de Saussure Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		De Saussure emphasized a synchronic view of linguistics in contrast to the diachronic (historical study) view of the 19th century.
		De Saussure made an important discovery in Indo-European philology which is now known as the laryngeal theory.
		Roland Barthes, in his book Mythologies, demonstrated how de Saussure's system of sign analysis could be extended to a second level, that of myth.
	www.ipedia.com /ferdinand_de_saussure.html (373 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure - Encyclopedia.com
		Saussure, Ferdinand de (1857–1913) A Swiss linguist who is generally considered to have been the founder of modern structural linguistics and, therefore, the grandfather of structuralism.
		In sum, for Saussure languages do not consist of individually created and recreated representations, but rather of signs that are the product of extra-individual structures or systems of differences (such as alphabets, grammars, and lexicons).
		This displacement of the individual from the centre of concern in the analysis of so manifestly social a phenomenon as language is the move that initiated the so-called structuralist revolution.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O88-SaussureFerdinandde.html (742 words)

	Commentary on the Texts
		Ferdinand de Saussure (b 1857) is the founder of modern linguistics.
		What Freud, Saussure and Durkheim seem to have recognized is that social sciences could make little progress until society was considered a reality in itself: a set of institutions or systems which are more than the contingent manifestations of the spirit or the sum of individual activities.
		Describes de Saussure's theory of the arbitrary relationship between sign and signifier, synchronic and diachronic linguistics.
	courses.nus.edu.sg /course/elljwp/saussure.htm (3367 words)

	Saussure handout
		The Course in General Linguistics is a reconstruction of lectures Saussure gave at the University of Geneva between 1906 and 1911.
		Saussure’s emphasis on the "arbitrary nature of the sign" significantly influenced structuralism, a modern interpretative movement that views language as an autonomous system of signs (a structure), studied independently of what it or its parts might mean outside the system.
		Note, also, that Saussure never alludes to a "referent," a term sometimes used for the ultimate object or idea referred to ; or a point of reference beyond that of the "concept" or the "signified." Indeed, many theorists argue that no true referent exists beyond language.
	www.cc.utah.edu /~tsk2/Saussure.html (914 words)

	Oxford University Press: Writings in General Linguistics: Ferdinand de Saussure
		Ferdinand de Saussure's Cours de linguistique generale was posthumously composed by his students from the notes they had made at his lectures.
		It is remarkable that for eighty years the understanding of Saussure's thought has depended on an incomplete and non-definitive text, the sometimes aphoristic formulations of which gave rise to many creative interpretations and arguments for and against Saussure.
		This reveals new depth and subtetly in Saussure's thoughts on the nature and complex workings of language, particularly his famous binary oppositions between form and meaning, the sign and what is signified, and language (langue) and its performance (parole).
	www.us.oup.com /us/catalog/general/subject/Linguistics/TheoreticalDescriptiveLinguistic/?view=usa&ci=9780199261444 (498 words)

	Saussure.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ferdinand de Saussure was born in Geneva in 1857.
		Saussure often compared language to a game of chess, in that what has gone on before (the history, or diachronic study) is irrelevant to the current state of play (the current state, or synchronic study).
		Ergo, while it may be of interest to historical linguists (and philologists) that English "church" is related to Scottish "kirk", and that the 'k' became a 'ch' historically, current speakers of English have no knowledge of these historical facts simply by virtue of speaking English.
	www.ss.ucalgary.ca /JArchibald/Saussure.htm (399 words)

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